CN106588521A - Free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method - Google Patents
Free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106588521A CN106588521A CN201611266997.0A CN201611266997A CN106588521A CN 106588521 A CN106588521 A CN 106588521A CN 201611266997 A CN201611266997 A CN 201611266997A CN 106588521 A CN106588521 A CN 106588521A
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- hydrogen storage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
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Abstract
The invention relates to free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive and a preparation method. The emulsion explosive comprises an emulsion matrix and a sensitized material, wherein the sensitized material is hydrogen-storing glass microspheres, also called hydrogen-storing type glass microspheres, the mass ratio of the hydrogen-storing type glass microspheres to the emulsion matrix is 3-5:100, and the glass microspheres are a hollow, closed, spherical and powdery super-light filling material. According to the free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive and the preparation method, free state hydrogen is firstly introduced into the glass microspheres for the sensitized emulsion explosive, so that the power of the emulsion explosive is remarkably improved. Due to the inherent characteristics of cleanness and high energy of hydrogen, the free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to explosive preparing technical field, is related to a kind of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion and preparation method,
Specifically related to prepare emulsion and preparation method using glass microsphere as storage free state hydrogen.
Background technology
Emulsion refers to class emulsifying technology preparation, makes the droplet of oxidant salts solution, dispersed
In the oil phase continuous media containing the dispersion porous mass such as bubble or hollow glass micropearl, a kind of water-in-oil type (W/O) is formed
The aqueous commercial explosive of emulsion state.The emulsion of w/o type is referred to as emulsified bases in the production of emulsion explosive, and it is emulsion
The basic body of composition, with preferable detonation stability.The ammonium nitrate aqueous phase solution (oxidant) of emulsified bases is in oil-phase solution
Minimum particulate is dispersed in (fuel agent), its core is supersaturation inorganic salt solution, and one layer of outsourcing is very thin but intensity is higher
Oil film, is presented higher viscosity.Emulsified bases is the emulsion not being sensitized, and its density is larger, it is necessary to by physics or
Chemical mode is sensitized, and using the adiabatic compression and " focus " feature of air in explosive, is uniformly distributed in emulsion matrix big
Amount micro-bubble, produces blasting cap initiation sensitivity, can just become emulsion.When emulsion is acted on by outside energy, by
Explosive is set to explode in the sensibilization of bubble.It is pointed out that prior art is either using in physical sensitization
Glass microsphere sensitizing, or using foaming agent is added in chemical sensitization, the material added during " sensitization " is primarily served
Increase the effect of " focus " in emulsified bases, the energy of emulsion is not contributed.On the other hand, although emulsion has
Excellent acting ability, its brisance is even above TNT, but under water explosion test shows, its blast impulse crest value, punching
The indexs such as amount, energy are less.This explanation emulsion shows slightly not enough in terms of output energy, needs to make improvement in this respect.
Hydrogen is a kind of cleaning energetic material of high heating value, unique to produce when acting on oxygen with higher energy density
Thing is water, does not produce any pollution.Hydrogen is added in glass microsphere, can both have been served as bubble and played " focus " effect, while
Hydrogen participates in explosive reaction, improves explosion energy output and the acting ability of explosive.Therefore hydrogen had both served the work of sensitizer
With act as energetic material again.
At present, not yet finding will be in hydrogen storage to glass microsphere and fried using free state hydrogen as emulsification by high pressure
The relevant report and production method of the sensitizer of medicine.
The content of the invention
The technology of the present invention solve problem：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion
And preparation method, by hydrogen by storage of higher pressures in glass microsphere, the glass microsphere with hydrogen storage is being protected as sensitized material
On the premise of the sensitivity to initiation of card emulsion, the detonation property of emulsion is improved.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion, the component includes emulsified bases
And sensitized material, the sensitized material is the glass microsphere of hydrogen storage, referred to as hydrogen storage type glass microsphere, and wherein hydrogen storage type glass is micro-
The percentage that the quality of ball accounts for emulsified bases with the content that the mass ratio of emulsified bases is wherein hydrogen storage glass microsphere is (3-5):
100；The glass microsphere is a kind of hollow closed spherical, pulverulent Ultralight packing material.
The material of the emulsified bases is sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, water, wax, rosin or emulsifying agent.
The Ultralight packing material refers to hollow glass microballoon, and density is in 0.08～0.25g/cm3Between, particle diameter is 10
～150 μm.
The mass percent of hydrogen storage content is 15%～42% in the hydrogen storage type glass microsphere.
A kind of preparation method of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion, step is as follows：
Emulsified bases is added in insulating box and is heated 10-20 minutes, the temperature inside insulating box is 100-150 DEG C, will be stored up
From air pressure to take out in the hydrogen cylinder of 4MPa-5MPa, now glass microsphere the inside stores the hydrogen of free state to Hydrogen glass microsphere
Gas (here the ratio of hydrogen does not require that the volume of glass microsphere accounts for the half of hydrogen cylinder volume with volume), in emulsified base
Hydrogen storage type glass microsphere is added in matter, is continuously stirred using agitator, the time that continuously stirs is 15-20 minutes, makes emulsified bases
It is well mixed with hydrogen storage glass microsphere, then places room temperature, so as to obtains free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion.
The principle of the present invention：The hydrogen glass microsphere sensitizer that the present invention is added, during stirring, release is a large amount of
Hydrogen, the emulsified matrix of the hydrogen for being discharged surrounded, and forms the bubble hydrogen of dispersed distribution, and bubble hydrogen is played to emulsified bases
Certain foaming effect, while the introducing of hydrogen, equivalent to there is provided focus one by one, increased the detonator sense of emulsified bases
Degree, that is, play " sensitization " effect.
After glass microsphere hydrogen storage type emulsion is by blasting cap initiation, one side shock wave is skimmed over after free state hydrogen, is in
Free state hydrogen in emulsifying agent matrix can be by SHOCK COMPRESSION, so as to the temperature of the matrix of periphery can be raised, another aspect, by
In the compression of shock wave, the pressure of the free state hydrogen discharged in emulsified bases, temperature is raised rapidly, so as to hydrogen occurs burning instead
Should, and rapid COMBUSTION TO DETONATION TRANSITION, heat is delivered in emulsified bases from high temperature and high pressure gas, forms very big in emulsified bases
Thermograde so as to which surface occurs the conversion from solid phase to gas phase, completes COMBUSTION TO DETONATION TRANSITION process.Because hydrogen itself is exactly high
The energetic material of calorific value, so it is considered that the gross energy exported after the detonation of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion is emulsified base
The gross energy that matter discharges jointly with free hydrogen.
Present invention advantage compared with prior art is：
(1) from terms of the state of development of commercial explosive, emulsion represents the development trend of the world today, therefore to high property
The emulsion of energy is put forward higher requirement, and free state hydrogen is incorporated into the glass for sensitised emulsion explosive by the present invention first
Among glass microballoon, so that the power of emulsion is significantly improved, the cleaning having due to hydrogen itself and high energy feature,
Free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion can have broad application prospects surely.
(2) experiment shows：Compared to the emulsion of common (not containing free state hydrogen) glass microsphere sensitization, the present invention has
Output brisance is big (to be tested effect, compares and common emulsion according to the brisance of explosive：Free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion
Decrement wants many 5mm-6mm), impact crest value height is higher by 1.5-2.8MPa, and energy is big, and more environmental protection, is a kind of property
The excellent novel emulsion explosive of energy.And the price of hydrogen is relatively inexpensive, calorific value is high, and this will be more widely applied will it.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that at 1 meter of underwater explosion described in embodiment 1, glass microsphere content is that 4% free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsification is fried
Medicine shock wave curve map；
Fig. 2 is that at 1 meter of underwater explosion described in embodiment 1, glass microsphere content is 4% emulsion impact wave profile
Figure；
Fig. 3 is that at 1.2 meters of underwater explosion described in embodiment 1, glass microsphere content is 4% free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsification
Explosive Shock Wave curve map；
Fig. 4 is that at 1.2 meters of underwater explosion described in embodiment 1, glass microsphere content is 4% emulsion impact wave profile
Figure；
Fig. 5 is that at 1 meter of underwater explosion described in embodiment 2, glass microsphere content is that 3% free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsification is fried
Medicine shock wave curve map；
Fig. 6 is that at 1 meter of underwater explosion described in embodiment 2, glass microsphere content is 3% emulsion impact wave profile
Figure；
Fig. 7 is that at 1.2 meters of underwater explosion described in embodiment 2, glass microsphere content is 3% free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsification
Explosive Shock Wave curve map；
Fig. 8 is that at 1.2 meters of underwater explosion described in embodiment 2, glass microsphere content is 3% emulsion impact wave profile
Figure；
Fig. 9 is tested for the brisance of the explosive of embodiment 3, i.e. test of the 50g explosives to the decrement of lead block；The brisance of explosive is surveyed
Examination design sketch, from left to right：Respectively lead casting is by the lead block height after the compression of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion, lead block script
Height, orthodox explosive blast compression after lead block height.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
Emulsified bases:Emulsifying agent matrix is by sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, water, wax, rosin, emulsifying agent etc.
A kind of chemical matrix of composition.
Glass microsphere：Hollow glass microballoon (hollow glass micropearl) is a kind of hollow closed spheroid, pulverulent ultralight
Matter packing material.Its density is in 0.08～0.25g/cm3Between, it is one kind that particle diameter (contains plurality of specifications) between 10～150 μm,
Plant high intensity, inertia, hard, fine spherical particle.
The hydrogen storage content of wherein glass microsphere can reach 15%～42%.
Free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion (hydrogen storage type glass microsphere+emulsified bases) gross mass 30g, hydrogen storage type glass is micro-
The quality of ball is 4 with the mass ratio of emulsified bases:100.Add after the glass microsphere of hydrogen storage to emulsified bases, be fabricated to ball
Bao Hou, carries out underwater explosion experiment.
The Ju Ti Pei Fang of the emulsified bases for being used is same as the prior art, such as table 1.
The emulsified bases formula that the embodiment 1 of table 1 is used
In order to carry out contrast experiment, using the conventional sensitizer glass microsphere in prior art production to emulsion base
Matter carries out sensitization and makes emulsion.Because existing experiment shows；When glass microsphere content is 4% or so, emulsion
The energy of output compares larger.Therefore when this experiment is implemented, the emulsified bases for using and glass microsphere gross mass are 30g, glass
Glass microspheres amount is 4 with the mass ratio of emulsified bases：100.The emulsified bases species for using is identical with table 1.To emulsified bases plus
After entering glass microsphere, with agitator Exploding test under laggard water-filling in 20 minutes is stirred.
In underwater explosion test, the impact wave profile of 4% hydrogen storage type glass microsphere sensitised emulsion explosive see Fig. 1,3,4% glass
The impact wave profile of glass microballoon sensitised emulsion explosive see Fig. 2,4.Specific various test parameters are shown in Table 2,3.In Fig. 1,2,3,4,
Abscissa represents time (unit：Us), ordinate represents pressure (unit：MPa).Underwater blast wave curve is remembered by oscillograph
Record, the data of table 2,3 read from impact wave profile.
The data measured at 1 meter of the quick-fried source of the underwater explosion sensor distance of 2 embodiment of table 1
The data measured at 1.2 meters of the quick-fried source of the underwater explosion sensor distance of 3 embodiment of table 1
Note：Impulse calculation formula is：Charpy wave energy：
By table 2,3 as can be seen that the surge pressure of the free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion of the present invention, momentum, Charpy
Wave energy is all higher than the emulsion of the glass microsphere that prior art is used.By as seen from Table 2；When quick-fried source range sensor away from
From for 1 meter when, the surge pressure of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion, the more common emulsion of Charpy wave energy will will be carried respectively
It is high by 31%, 13%；When the distance of quick-fried source range sensor is 1.2 meters, the surge pressure of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion,
The more common emulsion of Charpy wave energy will will improve respectively 20%, 35%.
Embodiment 2：
Emulsion (hydrogen storage glass microsphere and emulsified bases) gross mass 30g, wherein hydrogen storage glass microsphere：Emulsified bases
Quality is 3:100.Add in emulsified bases after glass microsphere, stir 20 minutes, make and carry out after spheroidal charging underwater explosion
Experiment.
The emulsified bases formula for being used is same as the prior art, it is seen that table 1.
In order to carry out contrast experiment, emulsion (glass microsphere and emulsified bases) gross mass 30g, wherein glass are now made
Microballoon：Emulsified bases is 3:100.Add in emulsified bases after glass microsphere, stir 20 minutes, make and carried out after spheroidal charging
Underwater explosion is tested.
In underwater explosion test, the impact wave profile of 3% hydrogen storage type glass microsphere sensitised emulsion explosive see Fig. 5,7,3% glass
The impact wave profile of glass microballoon sensitised emulsion explosive see Fig. 6,8.Specific various test parameters are shown in Table 4,5.In Fig. 5,6,7,8,
Abscissa represents time (unit：Us), ordinate represents pressure (unit：Mpa).Underwater blast wave curve is remembered by oscillograph
Record, the data of table 4,5 read from impact wave profile.
The data measured at 1 meter of the quick-fried source of the underwater explosion sensor distance of 4 embodiment of table 2
The data measured at 1.2 meters of the quick-fried source of the underwater explosion sensor distance of 5 embodiment of table 2
Note：Impulse calculation formula is：Charpy wave energy：
By table 4,5 as can be seen that when component ratio is 3：When 100, the emulsion and general of the free state hydrogen sensitization of the present invention
The pressure peak of the explosive of logical glass microsphere sensitization, momentum is very nearly the same with Charpy wave energy.
Implement row 3：
The gross mass of emulsion (hydrogen storage glass microsphere+emulsified bases) is 50g, will be added containing free state glass microsphere
To in emulsified bases, after stirring 20 minutes, column type powder column is made, carry out the brisance test of explosive.
The Ju Ti Pei Fang of the emulsified bases for being used is same as the prior art, it is seen that table 1.
Fig. 9 is the design sketch that lead block is compressed after 50g explosive initiations, is pressed after the left ignition for free state hydrogen storage type emulsion of figure
The effect of contracting lead block, in for lead block initial length, after the right emulsion compression lead block for the sensitization of simple glass microballoon of figure
Highly.It can be seen that free state hydrogen storage glass microsphere type emulsion has been obtained greatly compared with the acting ability of simple glass microballoon emulsion
Big lifting, the height for compressing lead casting improves 6mm or so compared with simple glass microballoon emulsion.
Upper embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention just for the sake of the description purpose of the present invention.The present invention's
Scope is defined by the following claims.The various equivalent alterations and modifications made without departing from spirit and principles of the present invention,
Should cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion, it is characterised in that：The component includes emulsified bases and sensitized material, institute
State the glass microsphere that sensitized material has been hydrogen storage, referred to as hydrogen storage type glass microsphere, the wherein quality of hydrogen storage type glass microsphere and breast
It is (3-5) that the mass ratio for changing matrix is the percentage that the content of wherein hydrogen storage glass microsphere accounts for emulsified bases:100；The glass
Microballoon is a kind of hollow closed spherical, pulverulent Ultralight packing material.
2. free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the emulsified bases
For sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, water, wax, rosin or emulsifying agent.
3. free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Ultralight packing material
Hollow glass microballoon is referred to, density is in 0.08～0.25g/cm3Between, particle diameter is at 10～150 μm.
4. free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The hydrogen storage type glass microsphere
The mass percent of middle hydrogen storage content is 15%～42%.
5. it is a kind of prepare claim 1-4 one of arbitrarily described in free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion preparation method, it is special
Levy is that step is as follows：
Emulsified bases is added in insulating box and is heated 10-20 minutes, the temperature inside insulating box is 100-150 DEG C, by hydrogen storage type
From air pressure to take out in the hydrogen cylinder of 4MPa-5MPa, now glass microsphere the inside stores the hydrogen of free state to glass microsphere,
Hydrogen storage type glass microsphere is added in emulsified bases, is continuously stirred using agitator, emulsified bases is mixed with hydrogen storage glass microsphere
Uniformly, then room temperature is placed, so as to obtain free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion.
6. the preparation method of free state hydrogen sensitization type emulsion according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described continuous
Mixing time is 15-20 minutes.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107473915A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-15 | 安徽理工大学 | One kind storage ethane type glass microsphere sensitised emulsion explosive |
| CN107573201A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-12 | 安徽理工大学 | One kind storage methane type glass microsphere sensitised emulsion explosive and preparation method |
| CN112479793A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Physical hydrogen storage glass microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107473915A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-15 | 安徽理工大学 | One kind storage ethane type glass microsphere sensitised emulsion explosive |
| CN112479793A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Physical hydrogen storage glass microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170426 |