CN102432407B - Magnesium hydride type hydrogen-stored emulsion explosive - Google Patents
Magnesium hydride type hydrogen-stored emulsion explosive Download PDFInfo
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- CN102432407B CN102432407B CN 201110277355 CN201110277355A CN102432407B CN 102432407 B CN102432407 B CN 102432407B CN 201110277355 CN201110277355 CN 201110277355 CN 201110277355 A CN201110277355 A CN 201110277355A CN 102432407 B CN102432407 B CN 102432407B
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Abstract
本发明属于炸药制备技术领域，具体涉及使用储氢物质制备的乳化炸药。其组分中包括乳化基质和敏化材料，敏化材料是氢化镁，该氢化镁的质量占乳化炸药总质量的0.2-6%，氢化镁是纯度大于等于95%的粉末。由于添加的氢化镁在乳化基质内分布均匀，部分氢化镁与乳化基质内水产生化学反应，释放少量氢气，对乳化基质起到一定的发泡效果，增加了乳化基质的雷管感度。当混合氢化镁的乳化基质被雷管起爆后，氢气泡在乳化基质爆轰产生的冲击波作用下发生爆轰反应，同时，其余的氢化镁在乳化基质爆轰波作用下迅速释放氢，氢参与乳化基质的爆轰反应，因此其具有输出冲击波峰值高、冲量大、能量高的特点，爆轰能量优于现有普通乳化炸药。The invention belongs to the technical field of explosive preparation, and in particular relates to an emulsion explosive prepared by using a hydrogen storage substance. Its components include an emulsifying matrix and a sensitizing material. The sensitizing material is magnesium hydride. The mass of the magnesium hydride accounts for 0.2-6% of the total mass of the emulsion explosive. The magnesium hydride is a powder with a purity greater than or equal to 95%. Since the added magnesium hydride is evenly distributed in the emulsified matrix, part of the magnesium hydride reacts chemically with the water in the emulsified matrix to release a small amount of hydrogen gas, which has a certain foaming effect on the emulsified matrix and increases the detonator sensitivity of the emulsified matrix. When the emulsification matrix mixed with magnesium hydride is detonated by the detonator, the hydrogen bubbles undergo a detonation reaction under the action of the shock wave generated by the detonation of the emulsification matrix. The detonation reaction of the matrix, so it has the characteristics of high output shock wave peak value, large impulse, and high energy, and the detonation energy is better than the existing ordinary emulsion explosives.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the explosive preparing technical field, be specifically related to use the emulsion explosive of storage hydrogen material preparation.
Background technology
The milk sap of w/o type is called emulsifying base in the production of emulsion explosive, and it is the element body that constitutes emulsion explosive, has stability and potential detonation property preferably.Ammonium nitrate aqueous phase solution (oxygenant) in the emulsifying base is dispersed into minimum particulate in oil-phase solution (combustible agent), its nuclear is for the supersaturation inorganic salt solution, and outsourcing one deck as thin as a wafer but the higher oil film of intensity presents higher viscosity.Emulsifying base is emulsion explosives sensitized not, its density is bigger, need the very big energy that detonates, and propagation of explosion is very difficult, therefore, in the process of preparation emulsion explosive, must utilize adiabatic compression and " focus " characteristic of air in the explosive by the in addition sensitization of physics or chemical process, a large amount of micro-bubbles evenly distribute in emulsion matrix, produce the blasting cap initiation sensitivity, just can become emulsion explosive.Emulsion explosive is subjected to outside energy and does the time spent, owing to the sensibilized of bubble is blasted explosive.It is to be noted, no matter be the glass microsphere sensitizing of utilizing in the physical sensitization in the prior art, still utilize the whipping agent that adds in the chemical sensitization, the material that " sensitization " process is added mainly plays the effect that increases " focus " in the emulsifying base, to the not contribution of detonation energy of emulsion explosive.On the other hand, though emulsion explosive has excellent acting ability, its brisance even be higher than TNT, the underwater explosion experiment shows that indexs such as its blast impulse crest value, momentum, energy are less.This explanation emulsion explosive is slightly inadequate aspect the output energy, need make improvement in this respect.
Hydrogen storage material is a kind of novel energetic material, can discharge hydrogen under certain condition.Hydrogen has high energy density: comparing with liquid carbon hydrogen fuel, is its three times; And it does the time spent with oxygen, and unique product is water, does not produce any pollution.Hydrogen-storage alloy is the new function material of late 1960s exploitation, has the big characteristics of storage hydrogen density.Main hydride hydrogen-storing material has magnesium series, ferrotianium series, lanthanum nickel series and zirconium series.Warm type storage hydrogen combination compound during magnesium-based hydride wherein belongs to, inhale, the hydrogen desorption kinetics performance is general, but its hydrogen-storage amount is big: mass content can reach 7.69%, and have that oeverall quality is light, aboundresources, advantages of cheap price, be considered to one of the most promising hydrogen storage material.
At present, do not find that as yet using hydrogen storage material magnesium in emulsion explosives technology is that metal hydride is as the report of sensitized material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: with the sensitized material of hydride hydrogen-storing material magnesium hydride as emulsion explosive, under the prerequisite that guarantees the emulsion explosive Sensitivity to Primary Explosion, improve the detonation property of emulsion explosive.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Magnesium hydride type storage hydrogen emulsion explosive of the present invention, comprise emulsifying base and sensitized material in its component, it is characterized in that described sensitized material is magnesium hydride, wherein, the quality of magnesium hydride accounts for the 0.2-6% of magnesium hydride type storage hydrogen emulsion explosive total mass (magnesium hydride+emulsifying base); Described magnesium hydride is purity more than or equal to 95% powder.
The prescription of described emulsifying base is identical with the prescription of emulsifying base commonly used in the existing emulsion explosive, and common used material has: ammonium nitrate, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite, urea, water, wax, rosin, sorbitol monooleate, emulsifying agent etc.
The preparation method of magnesium hydride type storage hydrogen emulsion explosive of the present invention is identical with the preparation method of interpolation physics sensitizing agent glass microsphere in the prior art: after emulsifying base adds magnesium hydride, use the agitator continuously stirring, make to mix, place more than 5 hours the time again.
The magnesium hydride that the present invention adds is evenly distributed in emulsifying base, in the ignition process, water generates chemical reaction in partial hydrogenation magnesium and the emulsifying base, discharge small quantity of hydrogen, the emulsified matrix parcel of the hydrogen that discharges, form the bubble hydrogen of discrete distribution, hydrogen plays certain foaming effect to emulsifying base.Bubble hydrogen in the emulsifying base and magnesium hydride particle form " focus " one by one, have increased the cap-sensitivity of emulsifying base, namely play " sensitization " effect.
After the emulsifying base that mixes magnesium hydride is by blasting cap initiation, UNDER SHOCK COMPRESSION focus and bubble hydrogen, the emulsifying base temperature at focus place raises, detonated rapidly, the detonation reaction takes place in bubble hydrogen under the shockwave effect that emulsifying base detonation produces, simultaneously, remaining magnesium hydride discharges hydrogen rapidly under the effect of emulsifying base detonation wave, and hydrogen participates in the detonation reaction of emulsifying base.That is to say, after the emulsifying base of adding magnesium hydride is detonated, comprised the common energy that discharges of emulsifying base and magnesium hydride in the output energy.Therefore, its always export energy can be greater than the output energy of existing emulsion explosive.
Experiment shows: add the emulsion explosive that physics sensitizing agent glass microsphere constitutes compared to existing technology, the present invention has output shockwave peak value height, momentum is big, energy is high characteristics, is a kind of novel emulsion explosive of excellent performance.And because the magnesium hydride quality is light, low price, this will make its application more extensive.
Be further described by the following examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the shockwave graphic representation of the storage hydrogen emulsion explosive of embodiment 1 described underwater explosion test magnesium hydride content 0.5%.
Fig. 2 is the emulsion explosive shockwave graphic representation of embodiment 1 described underwater explosion tested glass microballoon content 4%.
Fig. 3 is the shockwave graphic representation of the storage hydrogen emulsion explosive of embodiment 2 described underwater explosion test magnesium hydride content 3%.
Fig. 4 is the shockwave graphic representation of the storage hydrogen emulsion explosive of embodiment 3 described underwater explosion test magnesium hydride content 5%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Magnesium hydride type storage hydrogen emulsion explosive (magnesium hydride+emulsifying base) total mass 50g, magnesium hydride content is the 0.5%(=0.25 g of total mass).Behind emulsifying base interpolation magnesium hydride, used the agitator continuously stirring 30 minutes, place and carry out the underwater explosion test after 8 hours.
The concrete prescription of employed emulsifying base is same as the prior art, can see Table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1 employed emulsifying base prescription
| Component | Nitrate | Water | Span-80 | Compound oil phase | Other |
| Content | 78 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
In order to compare experiment, use prior art produce in conventional sensitizing agent glass microsphere process of dynamite substrate carried out sensitization make emulsion explosive.Because existing experiment shows: when glass microsphere content is 4%, emulsion explosive output energy maximum, so present embodiment is when making, and the emulsifying base that uses and glass microsphere total mass are 50g, glass microsphere content is 4% (=2 g) of total mass.The emulsifying base kind of its use is identical with table 1.Behind emulsifying base interpolation glass microsphere, used the agitator continuously stirring 45 minutes, place and carry out the underwater explosion test after 8 hours.
In the underwater explosion test, the shockwave curve of the emulsifying base explosive of 0.5% (W/W) magnesium hydride is seen Fig. 1, and 4%(W/W) the shockwave curve of glass microsphere emulsion explosive is seen Fig. 2.Concrete various test parameters see Table 2.Among Fig. 1,2: X-coordinate represents that the time, (unit: s), ordinate zou was represented pressure (unit: MPa).The underwater blast wave curve is by oscillograph recording, and data all read from the shockwave curve in the table 2.
Table 2 embodiment 1 underwater blast wave detonation parameter
| Prescription (mass ratio) | Peak pressure MPa | Fall time us | Momentum Pas | Energy-flux density J/m 2 |
| Emulsifying base: magnesium hydride=99.5:0.5 | 10.56 | 40.56 | 637.15 | 2323.5 |
| Emulsifying base: glass microsphere=96:4 | 10.35 | 37.08 | 588.34 | 2137.2 |
Annotate: the energy-flux density calculation formula is:
,
It is diminution factor.
As can be seen from Table 2, peak pressure, fall time, momentum and the energy-flux density of magnesium hydride type storage hydrogen emulsion explosive of the present invention are all greater than the emulsion explosive that uses glass microsphere in the prior art.
Embodiment 2:
Emulsion explosive (magnesium hydride and emulsifying base) total mass 50g, wherein magnesium hydride content is the 3%(=1.5 g of total mass).After in emulsifying base, adding magnesium hydride, used the agitator continuously stirring 25 minutes, place and carry out the underwater explosion test after 30 hours.
The prescription of employed emulsifying base is same as the prior art, can see Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 2 employed emulsifying base prescriptions
| Component | Nitrate | Water | LZ2731 | Compound oil phase | Other |
| Content | 77 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
In the underwater explosion test, the shockwave curve that obtains is seen Fig. 3.Among the figure: X-coordinate represents that the time, (unit: s), ordinate zou is represented pressure, and (unit: MPa), the underwater blast wave curve was by oscillograph recording.Each test parameter sees Table 4, and data all read from the shockwave curve in the table 4.Also listed in the table 4 and used glass microsphere as the test data of the underwater explosion of the conventional emulsion explosive (specifically fill a prescription with embodiment 1, storage period is with this example 2) of sensitizing agent, with relatively convenient.
Table 4 embodiment 2 underwater blast wave detonation parameters
| Prescription (mass ratio) | Peak pressure MPa | Fall time us | Momentum Pas | Energy-flux density J/m 2 |
| Emulsifying base: magnesium hydride=96:3 | 11.19 | 36.15 | 650.13 | 2323.0 |
| Emulsifying base: glass microsphere=96:4 | 10.35 | 37.08 | 588.34 | 2137.2 |
As seen from Table 4, peak pressure, momentum and the energy-flux density of the magnesium hydride type of present embodiment storage hydrogen emulsion explosive just slightly reduce all greater than the emulsion explosive of glass microsphere fall time.
Embodiment 3:
The total mass 50g of emulsion explosive (magnesium hydride+emulsifying base), wherein magnesium hydride content is the 5%(=2.5 g of total mass).Behind emulsifying base interpolation magnesium hydride, used the agitator continuously stirring 25 minutes, it is mixed, place and carry out the underwater explosion test after 25 days.
Employed emulsifying base prescription is same as the prior art, can see Table 5.
Table 5 embodiment 3 employed emulsifying base prescriptions
| Component | Nitrate | Water | LZ2731 | Compound oil phase | Other |
| Content | 77 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
In the underwater explosion test, the shockwave curve that obtains is seen Fig. 4.Among the figure: X-coordinate represents that the time, (unit: s), ordinate zou is represented pressure, and (unit: MPa), the underwater blast wave curve was by oscillograph recording.Each test parameter sees Table 6, and data all read from the shockwave curve in the table 6.Equally, also listed the test data of use glass microsphere as conventional emulsion explosive (prescription is with embodiment 1, and storage period is with this example 3) underwater explosion of sensitizing agent in the table 6.
Table 6 embodiment 3 underwater blast wave detonation parameters
| Prescription (mass ratio) | Peak pressure MPa | Fall time us | Momentum Pas | Energy-flux density J/m 2 |
| Emulsifying base: magnesium hydride=95:5 | 11.02 | 35.20 | 623.39 | 2195.6 |
| Emulsifying base: glass microsphere=96:4 | 10.35 | 37.08 | 588.34 | 2137.2 |
Contrast table 2,4,6 as can be seen, in the magnesium hydride type of the present invention storage hydrogen emulsion explosive, the underwater explosion pressure of magnesium hydride emulsifying base explosive and magnesium hydride content and nonlinear relationship.When magnesium hydride mass content during in 3% left and right sides, its peak pressure, momentum and energy-flux density maximum; Along with the increase of magnesium hydride mass content, gradually reduce fall time.
More than magnesium hydride among each embodiment be purity greater than 95% powder, granularity is in the 1-3 mu m range, particle is spherical in shape, is buied by market; The various raw materials of configuration emulsifying base are also buied by market.
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| CN103664426B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 宜兴市阳生化工有限公司 | A kind of ML type emulsus mining agent and production technique thereof |
| CN104311374B (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2017-07-04 | 宜兴市阳生化工有限公司 | New sensitization bubble carrier glue emulsion and preparation method thereof |
| CN106748589B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106588521A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | Free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method |
| CN106883083B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2019-09-24 | 攀枝花学院 | The method and physical sensitization of emulsion and granulation mix medicine and are granulated all-in-one machine |
| CN107540486B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2022-09-09 | 安徽理工大学 | Hydrogen storage type emulsified seismic charge and seismic bomb using same |
| CN108358733B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | A method of thermally expanding hollow microspheres for coating energetic additives |
| CN109096023B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-01-19 | 安徽理工大学 | Multi-core hollow energetic microsphere for emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN118047349A (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-05-17 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method of oxide-doped magnesium-based hydrogen storage material |
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| US6224099B1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 2001-05-01 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Supplemental-restraint-system gas generating device with water-soluble polymeric binder |
| CN1557701A (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2004-12-29 | 武汉理工大学 | Fullerene hydrogen storage materials modified by hydrogen storage alloys or hydrogen storage metal nanoparticles |
| CN101258378A (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2008-09-03 | 日本化药株式会社 | Semiconductor bridge, igniter and gas generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6224099B1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 2001-05-01 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Supplemental-restraint-system gas generating device with water-soluble polymeric binder |
| CN1557701A (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2004-12-29 | 武汉理工大学 | Fullerene hydrogen storage materials modified by hydrogen storage alloys or hydrogen storage metal nanoparticles |
| CN101258378A (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2008-09-03 | 日本化药株式会社 | Semiconductor bridge, igniter and gas generator |
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