CN106584972A - 一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106584972A
CN106584972A CN201611146914.4A CN201611146914A CN106584972A CN 106584972 A CN106584972 A CN 106584972A CN 201611146914 A CN201611146914 A CN 201611146914A CN 106584972 A CN106584972 A CN 106584972A
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晏雄
唐晓宁
张慧萍
庄兴民
张亚亚
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Donghua University
National Dong Hwa University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料及其制备方法，所述材料由三层组成：中间层为聚乙烯薄膜，其余两层分别为非织造布和机织布，各层之间通过水性聚氨酯粘合。制备方法包括：将聚乙烯薄膜放入水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，得到带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜；将带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜置于非织造布与机织布中间，固化，得到轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料。本发明的多层结构吸音降噪材料具有较高的吸音降噪系数，且材料轻薄，制备方法简单易行，适宜于大规模工业化生产。

Description

一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于吸声材料及其制备领域，特别涉及一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济社会的发展以及人们生活水平提高，各类噪声问题日益严重，不仅影响生产效率的提高，而且对人体健康具有一定危害。目前应用较多的吸音降噪材料多为单一纤维组分吸音降噪材料或纤维增强聚合物材料，其改善吸音降噪性能的方法，多为增加材料厚度。
目前，纤维类多孔吸声材料大多以非织造布直接作为表层，虽然具有较好的吸声性能，但是表层纤维容易飞散，且不够美观，且生产过程复杂，不适用于大规模生产。因此，需要研发新型吸声材料以满足现有实际需要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料及其制备方法，该降噪材料包括非织造布、机织布和聚乙烯薄膜；其制备流程较短，工艺合理，操作简单，生产成本低廉，且多层吸音降噪材料较为轻薄，在中低频段具有良好的吸音降噪性能。
本发明的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料，所述材料由三层组成：中间层为聚乙烯薄膜，其余两层分别为非织造布和机织布，各层之间通过水性聚氨酯粘合。
所述聚乙烯薄膜的厚度为0.01mm～1.0mm。
所述非织造布的厚度为1～30mm，面密度范围为3～2000g/m2；机织布的面密度为30～500g/m2，厚度为0.2～5mm。
所述非织造布的原料为棉纤维等各类天然纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维等各类化学纤维。
所述机织布的原料为棉纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维，组织结构为平纹或斜纹组织。
所述水性聚氨酯包括阴离子型水性聚氨酯、阳离子型水性聚氨酯和非离子型水性聚氨酯等。
所述水性聚氨酯为广州冠志新材料科技有限公司生产的PU-404水性聚氨酯。
本发明的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的制备方法，包括：
(1)将聚乙烯薄膜放入水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，得到带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜；
(2)将步骤(1)中的带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜置于非织造布与机织布中间，固化，得到轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料。
所述步骤(1)中水性聚氨酯溶液浓度为3wt％～30wt％。
所述步骤(1)中带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜的带液率为20％～100％。
所述步骤(2)中固化的温度为20～100℃，固化的时间为10min～10h。
所述步骤(2)中固化的同时施加压力：根据所选用材料的特征，可以施加一定的压力，使各层之间更好结合。
本发明提供一种简易的加工方法，将聚乙烯薄膜与非织造布和机织布相结合，获得结构简单，具有较好吸音性能的多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料。
本发明将非织造布与机织物相结合，两层之间为聚乙烯薄膜，各层之间通过水性聚氨酯相粘合。相比于现有技术中两层非织造布之间为表皮材料层，本发明以聚乙烯薄膜作为中间层，生产过程更为简单，且含聚乙烯薄膜的层合材料在1400Hz以上时的吸声系数显著增加。
有益效果
(1)本发明涉所及的多层结构吸音降噪材料，中间层为聚乙烯薄膜，外层为非织造布和机织布，不仅外表美观，而且材料轻薄、结构简单；
(2)本发明所涉及的多层结构吸音降噪材料，其吸音性能可通过改变外层非织造布和机织布的厚度进行调控，从而能满足对吸音材料不同频段与吸音性能的要求，尤其适用于室内装潢设计和汽车内饰等应用领域；
(3)本发明操作简单，生产成本低，易于大规模工业化生产，符合可持续发展的要求，具有很高的社会和经济价值。
附图说明
图1为实施例(a)与对比例(b)中多层结构吸音降噪纺织材料结构示意图；
图2为实施例1和对比例1的吸声系数图；
图3为实施例2和对比例2的吸声系数图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)聚乙烯薄膜在水性聚氨酯溶液中表面涂层：
将聚乙烯薄膜(厚度为0.06mm)放入PU-404水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，其中，所用水性聚氨酯溶液浓度为15wt％，浸泡后，聚乙烯薄膜的带液率为80％。
(2)非织造布、机织布与聚乙烯薄膜层合固化：
将带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜放置于非织造布与机织布中间，使其固化结合。其中，非织造布为聚酯纤维(厚度为3mm)，面密度为300g/m2，机织布为平纹纯棉布(厚度为0.25mm)，面密度为120g/m2，固化温度范围为80℃，固化时间为2h，所得试样记为实施例-1。
本实施例所得试样，即轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的吸声系数图如图2所示，在1400Hz以下时，含聚乙烯薄膜的试样的吸声系数与对比试样基本一致，而1400Hz以上时，含聚乙烯薄膜的试样的吸声系数显著高于不含聚乙烯薄膜的对比试样。
实施例2
(1)聚乙烯薄膜在水性聚氨酯溶液中表面涂层：
将聚乙烯薄膜(厚度为0.06mm)放入PU-404水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，其中，所用水性聚氨酯溶液浓度为25wt％，浸泡后，聚乙烯薄膜的带液率为60％。
(2)非织造布、机织布与聚乙烯薄膜层合固化：
将带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜放置于非织造布与机织布中间，使其固化结合。其中，其中，非织造布为聚酯纤维(厚度为3mm)，面密度为300g/m2，机织布为平纹涤纶布(厚度为0.3mm)，面密度为150g/m2，固化温度范围为60℃，固化时间为3h，所得试样记为实施例-2。
本实施例所得试样，即轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的吸声系数图如图3所示，在1400Hz以下时，含聚乙烯薄膜的试样的吸声系数与对比试样基本一致，而1400Hz以上时，含聚乙烯薄膜的试样的吸声系数显著高于不含聚乙烯薄膜的对比试样。
对比例1
(1)将非织造布放入PU-404水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，其中，所用水性聚氨酯溶液浓度为15wt％，浸泡后，非织造布的带液率为80％；非织造布为聚酯纤维(厚度为3mm)，面密度为300g/m2。
(2)将表面带有水性聚氨酯溶液的非织造布与机织布进行固化；其中，机织布为平纹纯棉布(厚度为0.25mm)，面密度为120g/m2，固化温度范围为80℃，固化时间为2h；所得试样记为对比实施例-1。
对比例2
(1)将非织造布放入PU-404水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，其中，所用水性聚氨酯溶液浓度为25wt％，浸泡后，非织造布的带液率为60％；非织造布为聚酯纤维(厚度为3mm)，面密度为300g/m2。
(2)将表面带有水性聚氨酯溶液的非织造布与机织布进行固化；其中，机织布为平纹涤纶布(厚度为0.3mm)，面密度为150g/m2，固化温度范围为60℃，固化时间为3h；所得试样记为对比实施例-2。

Claims (10)

1.一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料，其特征在于，所述材料由三层组成：中间层为聚乙烯薄膜，其余两层分别为非织造布和机织布，各层之间通过水性聚氨酯粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯薄膜的厚度为0.01mm～1.0mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料，其特征在于，所述非织造布的厚度为1～30mm，面密度范围为3～2000g/m2；机织布的面密度为30～500g/m2，厚度为0.2～5mm。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料，其特征在于，所述非织造布的原料为棉纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料，其特征在于，所述机织布的原料为棉纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维，组织结构为平纹或斜纹组织。
6.一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的制备方法，包括：
(1)将聚乙烯薄膜放入水性聚氨酯溶液中浸泡，得到带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜；
(2)将步骤(1)中的带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜置于非织造布与机织布中间，固化，得到轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中水性聚氨酯溶液浓度为3wt％～30wt％。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中带有水性聚氨酯的聚乙烯薄膜的带液率为20％～100％。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中固化的温度为20～100℃，固化的时间为10min～10h。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种轻质多层结构吸音降噪纺织复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中固化的同时施加压力。
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CN108749235A (zh) * 2018-05-06 2018-11-06 李磊 一种聚四氟乙烯夹层超疏水吸音针刺非织造纺织复合材料及其制备方法
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