CN106582713B - 一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SHWZFQPXYGHRKT-FDGPNNRMSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O SHWZFQPXYGHRKT-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015114 espresso Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- -1 Aldehyde amine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WWSNLNXXISONLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)Cl(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)Cl(C)(C)C WWSNLNXXISONLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法。本发明将乙酰丙酮铂,乙酰丙酮镍,葡萄糖,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5ml油氨溶解,溶液在超声机内超声使其均匀混合,混合溶液于200℃‑220℃的油浴中反应,将油浴反应产物清洗得到所述核壳结构纳米线。本发明克服了传统的亚胺制备方法步骤繁琐,反应条件比较苛刻,大规模生产成本比较高等缺陷。本发明核壳结构纳米线的催化剂生成方法简单,催化效果好,选择性高。催化反应在常温下即可进行,一步完成,稳定性好,克服了传统蒸馏,回流等方法制备的繁琐步骤以及昂贵成本,所合成的催化剂既可以将硝基苯通过氢气加成生成氨基苯,同时也不利于亚胺加氢生成胺,体现了该催化剂剂对于氢加成极好的选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属于选择性催化领域,特别涉及一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法。
背景技术
贵金属铂在工业催化中展现出了极好的性能,尤其是燃料电池以及加氢反应中的催化剂。此外,铂还有许多不同的形貌以及各种组分的铂合金,在各方面都展现出了极好的性能。由于铂对于很多的有机加氢反应都有很好的催化能力,但这也限制了其在选择性催化方面的应用。现有的方法是将很小的铂颗粒包裹在MOF材料中,利用MOF的空隙来做选择性催化。但这极大的限制了铂催化的性能及应用的范围,因为只有很小的有机分子才能被催化,MOF的空隙一般都比较小。而较大分子的有机材料很难被催化,无法在大分子材料中加以应用。除此之外,合成MOF的原料一般都比较贵,这极大的增加了成本,而且MOF很不稳定,不能存在与酸碱溶液中。一旦遇到酸碱,催化剂就会被破坏。
亚胺是一种重要的化学中间产物,在很多重要的反应中如聚合缩合反应、还原反应、加成反应等,具有很强的亲电性。制备亚胺的典型方法是通过伯胺和醛发生缩合反应(与酮缩合相比较少见)。该反应机理是胺的孤对电子先进攻羰基发生亲核加成,得到半缩醛胺(-C(OH)(NHR)-)中间体,而后继续消除一分子水得到亚胺。由于反应平衡更倾向于羰基化合物与胺一侧,因此反应过程需要共沸蒸馏、回流分水或使用脱水试剂如:分子筛,以使平衡向形成亚胺化合物的方向移动。
在本发明作出之前,传统的亚胺制备方法步骤繁琐,反应条件比较苛刻,大规模生产成本比较高。由于亚胺极其不稳定,在催化剂的作用下极有可能会被氢加成生成胺。所以普通的催化剂在将硝基苯催化生成苯氨的同时也会将亚胺加成生成胺。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是克服上述缺陷,提供一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是:
一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法,其主要技术特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将乙酰丙酮铂,乙酰丙酮镍,葡萄糖,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5ml油胺溶解;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的溶液在超声机内超声使其均匀混合;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合溶液于200℃-220℃的油浴中反应;
(4)将油浴反应产物清洗得到所述核壳结构纳米线。
所述步骤(1)中乙酰丙酮铂,乙酰丙酮镍,葡萄糖和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的物质的量之比为5∶(2-1)∶30∶15。
所述步骤(2)中,所述的超声时间为0.5-2小时。
所述步骤(3)中,水热反应时间为0.5h-2h。
所述步骤(4)中,清洗溶剂为酒精和正己烷的混合溶剂。
本发明的优点在于:核壳结构纳米线的催化剂生成方法简单,催化效果好,选择性高。催化反应在常温下即可进行,一步完成,稳定性好,克服了传统蒸馏,回流等方法制备的繁琐步骤以及昂贵成本。可推广并应用于工业领域。
本发明所合成的催化剂既可以将硝基苯通过氢气加成生成氨基苯,同时也不利于亚胺加氢生成胺,体现了该催化剂剂对于氢加成极好的选择性。
附图说明
图1——本发明实施实例1纳米线的X-射线衍射示意图。
图2——本发明实施实例1纳米线的暗场扫描电镜照片图。
图3——本发明实施实例1纳米线的高倍透射电镜示意图。
图4——本发明实施实例1纳米线的催化性能示意图。
图5——本发明实施实例1纳米线的循环性能示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术方案在下面的附图和实例中将进一步进行阐述。
总的实施方案为:
选取9mg乙酰丙酮铂,2mg乙酰丙酮镍,30-60mg葡萄糖,15-30mg十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5mL的油胺溶解;将上述溶液在超声机内超声1-2小时直至完全溶解,再将上述溶液置于200℃下油浴反应1-5小时;将反应产物用乙醇和正己烷的混合溶剂清洗、干燥得到所述纳米线。
实施例1:
选取9mg乙酰丙酮铂,2mg乙酰丙酮镍,60mg葡萄糖,30mg十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5mL的油胺溶解;将上述溶液在超声机内超声1小时直至完全溶解,再将上述溶液置于200℃下油浴反应1小时;将反应产物用乙醇和正己烷的混合溶剂清洗、干燥得到所述纳米线。
实施例2:
选取9mg乙酰丙酮铂,2mg乙酰丙酮镍,60mg葡萄糖,30mg十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5mL的油胺溶解;将上述溶液在超声机内超声1小时直至完全溶解,再将上述溶液置于200℃下油浴反应5小时;将反应产物用乙醇和正己烷的混合溶剂清洗、干燥得到所述纳米线。
实施例3:
选取9mg乙酰丙酮铂,2mg乙酰丙酮镍,30mg葡萄糖,30mg十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5mL的油胺溶解;将上述溶液在超声机内超声1小时直至完全溶解,再将上述溶液置于200℃下油浴反应1小时;将反应产物用乙醇和正己烷的混合溶剂清洗、干燥得到所述纳米线。
如图1,图2,图3所示,采用D8 ADVANCE型XRD(Cu kα radiation,德国Bruker-AXS公司)测定所制备样品的晶相结构。采用S4800 II型FESEM(FESEM, s-4800II,Hitachi)对所制备样品的形貌进行观察。采用荷兰philips-FEI公司的 Tecnai F30场发射透射电镜(HRTEM,Tecnai F30,FEI)对样品的结构进行直观的探测和表征。
试验结果表明:
图1为本发明实例1所制备的Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的X-射线衍射图。图1 中所示的所有的衍射峰从左到右分别对应于PtNi合金的(111),(200),(220),从XRD 图中我们可以看出我们所得到的PtNi合金是纤锌矿结构。除此之外,每一个峰都包含了两个相,其中一个相来自于Pt3Ni,而另一个相则来自于PtNi2。所以我们所制备的 PtNi合金纳米线中既含有Pt3Ni的相,也含PtNi2有的相。
图2为本发明实例1所制备的具有高选择性加氢催化效率的Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的暗场扫描电镜照片图。从图2中可知,实例所制备的PtNi合金是一种核壳结构,结合XRD可知,该核壳结构的核是Pt3Ni,壳是PtNi2。
图3为本发明实例1所制备的具有高选择性加氢催化效率的Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的高倍透射电镜图。从图3中我们可以清晰的看出实例所制备的PtNi合金纳米线的结构,该纳米线的直径在15nm左右,长度很长,可达数十微米。具有很高的比表面积,以及催化活性位点。
图4为本发明实例1所制备的具有高选择性加氢催化效率的Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的催化性能曲线图。从图4中可以看出,该催化剂合成的亚胺的产率高达百分之96.4%,而胺仅有百分之3.6%。
图5为本发明实例1所制备的具有高选择性加氢催化效率的Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的催化循环性能图。从图5中可以看出,5次循环之后,该催化剂依然能保持良好的性能,可以重复使用,达到绿色化学的标准。
根据上述研究结果可知:本发明制备的具有高选择性加氢催化效率的Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线材料制备程序简单,可重复使用,合成量大,且在贵金属材料中具有较好的选择性催化性能,因此可推广并应用于工业领域。
Claims (4)
1.一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将乙酰丙酮铂,乙酰丙酮镍,葡萄糖,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入5ml的油胺溶解,其中,乙酰丙酮铂,乙酰丙酮镍,葡萄糖和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的物质的量之比为5∶(2-1)∶30∶15;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的溶液在超声机内超声使其均匀混合;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合溶液于200℃-220℃的油浴中反应;
(4)将油浴反应产物清洗得到所述核壳结构纳米线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中,所述的超声时间为0.5-2小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中,油浴反应时间为0.5h-2h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种Pt3Ni@PtNi2核壳结构纳米线的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(4)中,清洗溶剂为酒精和正己烷的混合溶剂。
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