CN106582112A - 一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料及其制备方法,半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,由膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层和混纺针刺毡层复合而成;混纺针刺毡由顺序相接的混纺复合迎尘面层、耐腐蚀增强基布层和混纺复合净气面层复合而成,其中,膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层与混纺复合迎尘面层相接。本发明半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,经纬向强力均大于900N/50mm,经纬向断裂伸长率均小于15%,尺寸稳定性高;可耐250℃等级以上的高温,耐温范围广;耐腐蚀性强,抗氧化性佳;聚四氟乙烯膜表面光滑,清灰效率高,高达99.999%;具有良好的低摩擦性、难燃性、绝缘性以及隔热性;使用寿命长;过滤效率高、过滤精度高及防水防腐。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料及其制备方法,属于工业除尘过滤材料领域。
背景技术
近些年来,在我国高温工业烟尘过滤领域,袋式除尘凭借其良好的工况实用性,尤其是优越的过滤性能,应用愈加普遍。随着国家和地方环保法规标准等日益严苛,针对一些具体工况的烟气除尘并达到粉尘超低排放,此类耐高温过滤材料的开发明显不足。
目前,在钢铁、水泥、电力、化工等行业领域,工业烟尘产生后,企业多根据自身的实际情况和设备机组的构成,有的烟气直接进入袋式除尘器进行过滤,有的是先经过脱硫或脱硝后再进行除尘。各个行业以及各个具体的工况企业的整体工艺配置比较灵活,而当前我国相关工况企业采用半干法脱硫后再除尘、脱硝的工艺模式的比例逐渐增加。
半干法脱硫烟气主要是烟气发生后进入脱硫装置,在密闭环境中烟气中的SOx与脱硫装置中的氧化钙粉末以及水蒸气混合,即到达一个动态的脱硫平衡,以此脱除硫化物气体。半干法脱硫后的烟气随之进入到除尘器,烟气环境中水分含量剧增、粉尘粘性增加、酸碱性等也发生复杂变化,这对除尘滤料的防水防腐、易清灰、高过滤和长寿命等性能提出了更高要求。经过系统的文献以及专利查新汇总,发现现有滤料存在的问题有:高温烧蚀、氧化水解、酸腐蚀、粉尘排放超标、滤料表面糊袋、使用寿命短等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料及其制备方法,以解决现有常规耐高温过滤材料在实际使用中存在的粉尘糊袋、不耐水解、过滤效率不高、耐腐蚀性差等问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,由膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层和混纺针刺毡层复合而成;混纺针刺毡由顺序相接的混纺复合迎尘面层、耐腐蚀增强基布层和混纺复合净气面层复合而成,其中,膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层与混纺复合迎尘面层相接。
上述膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层应用的是现有薄膜,具有小孔径、高强度等特点,优选的薄膜性能:平均孔径小于1.5μm,厚度大于5μm,透气率大于10cm/s@127Pa,径向强度大于35MPa,纬向强度大于30Mpa,孔隙率高达90%以上。
本发明滤料产品可以承受200℃以上的高温,不仅可在水泥、电力、钢铁等传统行业应用,而且可应用于一些特种空气净化领域
为了提高滤料的耐腐蚀性,同时提高滤料力学性能,耐腐蚀增强基布层为耐腐蚀性的连续聚四氟乙烯长丝机织而成的平纹组织基布;混纺复合迎尘面层层和混纺复合净气面层均为纤维混纺针刺毡层。纤维混纺针刺毡层优选由3-8层的纤维网层构成。
为了提高滤料的密实性和过滤效率,同时保证过滤精度,混纺复合迎尘面层由细度为1.0D-1.5D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为1.5dtex-5.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维和细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维均匀开混、梳理成网和交叉铺网而成,其中,聚酰亚胺纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,聚四氟乙烯纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,余量为耐酸型玻璃纤维;混纺复合净气面层由细度为2.0D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为3.5dtex-7.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维和细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维均匀开混、梳理成网和交叉铺网而成,其中,聚酰亚胺纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,聚四氟乙烯纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,余量为耐酸型玻璃纤维;其中,混纺复合迎尘面层、耐腐蚀增强基布层、混纺复合净气面层三层叠加后针刺加固成针刺毡;细度为1.0D-1.5D的聚酰亚胺纤维和细度为2.0D的聚酰亚胺纤维长度均为51-65mm,细度为1.5dtex-5.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维和细度为3.5dtex-7.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维长度均为48mm-60mm,耐酸型玻璃纤维长度均为51mm-60mm。
本发明主要针对半干法脱硫烟气的温湿度、酸碱度以及粘度等特性,同时满足工况超低排放的国家标准,开发了由耐高温防腐蚀有机和无机纤维进行优化选配,“优势互补”,制得混纺复合针刺毡基材,然后经高温热压覆合聚四氟乙烯薄膜,由原始的深层过滤提升到性能优越的表面过滤形式,从而达到防水防腐、易清灰和超低排放等实际效果。本发明具有针对性、原创性。
为了保证滤料的过滤效率,提高过滤精度,耐腐蚀增强基布层克重为170-200g/m2,混纺复合迎尘面层克重为280-360g/m2,混纺复合净气面层克重为260-340g/m2;膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层的平均孔径不小于0.02μm。
为了进一步保证过滤效率和过滤精度,膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层的孔径为0.1μm~1.5μm。
上述过滤精度指通过滤料的最小粉尘粒径,通过滤料的最小粉尘粒径越小,过滤精度越高。
上述半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料的制备方法,包括顺序相接的如下步骤:
①制备混纺针刺毡层基材;
②对步骤①所得的混纺针刺毡层基材进行烧毛热轧处理;
③对步骤②所得的混纺针刺毡层基材进行深层饱和浸渍处理,然后烘焙固化,得混纺针刺毡层;
④对步骤③所得的混纺针刺毡层与膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层利用覆膜机组进行高温高压覆合,得半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料。
上述步骤②中使用烧毛热轧设备对针刺毡进行烧毛热轧;步骤③中使用表面处理设备对烧毛热轧后的针毡进行饱和浸渍处理,然后预烘、焙烘固化;步骤④中使用覆膜机组将浸渍处理后的针刺毡与聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜进行高温高压覆合。
为了提高滤料的过滤效率,步骤①中,混纺针刺毡层基材的制备所使用的设备为双梳双铺针刺毡生产线,制备步骤为:将细度1.0D-1.5D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为1.5dtex-5.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维与细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维,进行均匀混合、开松、梳理成网、交叉铺网后形成混纺复合迎尘面层;将细度为2.0D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为3.5dtex-7.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维与细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维进行均匀混合、开松、梳理成网、交叉铺网后形成混纺复合净气面层;然后将混纺复合迎尘面层和混纺复合净气面层分别叠放在耐腐蚀增强基布层的上、下表面,再预针刺初步成型,主针刺加固成混纺针刺毡层。
为了保证滤料的密实性和平整度,同时提高力学新更能,步骤②中,烧毛处理时,所用燃料为天然气,且火头大小均匀,蓝火,火口距离针刺毡面的距离为2-5cm;热轧处理时,为上、中两个热轧辊和下方耐高温尼龙辊进行压烫,两热轧辊温度均为80-160℃,上、中、下三轧辊间压力为2.3-357KN/m,针刺毡先由上、中两个热轧辊进行主轧,然后再由中热轧辊与下方耐高温尼龙辊进行两辊辅轧,整体走布方向为“S”形;烧毛热轧机组为一体化机组,处理速度为8-24m/min。
为了提高浸渍处理的效率,提高产品的耐热防腐性及过滤效率,步骤③中,深层饱和浸渍处理所用浸渍试剂的原料组分包括:含固量高于60%的聚四氟乙烯浓缩分散液10-35%,硅烷型偶联剂0.5-2%,聚丙烯酸树脂型共聚乳液5-20%,纺织后整理用非离子型渗透剂0.1-0.5%,含氟聚合物型防水剂1-4%,亲水性有机硅柔软剂0.1-0.5%和余量的水;烘焙的温度为180-250℃,时间为4-15min;步骤④高温高压覆合的温度为335-365℃,压强为0.2-0.6MPa,覆膜机组车速为1.0-5.0m/min。
为了提高滤料的防腐蚀性和表面防水防粘性能,膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层由60-85%的PTFE颗粒和15-40%的沸点小于150℃的润滑剂制备而成,所述百分比为质量百分比。
聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜的具体制备为:聚四氟乙烯微细颗粒、润滑剂混匀→制坯→推挤→压延→纵拉→横拉→聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,经纬向强力均大于900N/50mm,经纬向断裂伸长率均小于15%,尺寸稳定性高;可耐250℃等级的高温,耐温范围广,无糊袋现象;耐腐蚀性强,抗氧化性佳,使用寿命长;表面光滑,清灰效率高,高达99.999%;具有良好的低摩擦性、难燃性、绝缘性以及隔热性;过滤效率高、过滤精度高及防水防腐等性能,除应用于钢铁、电力、水泥、化工等行业外,还可应用于一些特种空气净化领域;半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料的制造方法简单易操作,进一步采用梳理成网和针刺加固制造针刺毡材料,克重偏差较小,面密度均匀,可操作性强,易实现。
附图说明
图1为本发明半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料的结构示意图。
图2为本发明针刺毡的制备工艺流程图。
图中,1为聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜层;21为混纺复合迎尘面层;22为混纺复合净气面层;3为耐腐蚀增强基布层;4为空气流动方向。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
1)原料的选取和准备
将规格1.5D*60mm(细度*长度)的聚酰亚胺纤维、规格为1.5dtex-5.5dtex*48mm(细度*长度)聚四氟乙烯纤维与规格为5.5μm*51mm(细度*长度)的耐酸型玻璃纤维进行均匀混合作为混纺复合迎尘面层纤维备用;将规格为2.0D*60mm(细度*长度)的聚酰亚胺纤维、规格为3.5dtex-7.5dtex*48mm(细度*长度)聚四氟乙烯纤维与规格为5.5μm*51mm(细度*长度)的耐酸型玻璃纤维进行均匀混合作为混纺复合净气面层纤维备用。
纤维配方①:30%聚酰亚胺纤维+30%聚四氟乙烯纤维+40%耐酸玻纤(混纺复合迎尘面层纤维和混纺复合净气面层纤维均为此比例,配方①通过后续工艺得到滤料①);
纤维配方②:20%聚酰亚胺纤维+10%聚四氟乙烯纤维+70%耐酸玻纤(混纺复合迎尘面层纤维和混纺复合净气面层纤维均为此比例,配方②通过后续工艺得到滤料②);
2)纤维加工区域的温湿度控制
整个生产车间均为玻璃罩壳密闭,有效防止外界气候和加工场所气流的不良影响,车间里加装空调设备、加湿和除湿设备;其中梳理成网和交叉铺网区域温度控制在20~35℃,相对湿度控制在50%~75%。
3)梳理成网与交叉铺网
将均匀混合后的混杂纤维经粗开松和精开松后形成筵棉层,然后喂入梳理机,工艺流程为双网双铺,半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料的设计克重为750g/m2,纤维层喂入梳理机速度控制在1m/min;梳理成网后的纤维网经交叉铺网后形成聚四氟乙烯基布上、下表面的毛网,上、下表面的毛网的克重分别控制在280-320g/m2和260-300g/m2,交叉铺网纤维网层数上、下表面分别控制在5层和4层,其中上表面为混纺复合迎尘面层,下表面为混纺复合净气面层。以下表1为梳理机主要工艺参数:
表1
4)针刺加固
将交叉铺网后的毛网与聚四氟乙烯基布进行针刺加固形成针刺毡。其中主要的针刺工艺参数如下表2:
表2
整个针刺过程包括预针刺和主针刺,预针刺初步使得毛网与基布结合,最后主针刺加固成型。其中针刺毡总体的针刺密度控制在750刺/平方厘米,针刺过程中的牵伸比控制在2%~10%。按照纤维配方①制得的为针刺毡①,按照纤维配方②制得的为针刺毡②。
5)烧毛热轧
烧毛热轧处理工艺参数如下表3
表3
烧毛处理时采用天然气为燃料并保证火头大小均匀,蓝火。
6)表面处理试剂全饱和浸渍
此工序具体步骤为:首先按照重量比例将浸渍试剂的原料组分投放至搅拌器皿中,将混合液搅拌均匀,并将搅拌后的均匀混合液投放到浸渍器皿中;然后将烧毛热轧后的针刺毡经由放卷和牵伸后,输送至浸渍器皿中进行饱和浸渍;最后在表面处理机组中进行特定温度范围内的预烘、焙烘、收卷。
其中浸渍试剂的原料组分见表4。
表4
针刺毡经①和②分别经表面处理试剂饱和浸渍后,在230-240℃温度内预烘6min,再在210-220℃下焙烘8min,最后收卷,得到浸渍针刺毡①和浸渍针刺毡②。
7)高温高压覆膜
此工序的具体步骤为:首先将浸渍处理后的针刺毡和聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜分别置于各自的放卷装置上,并进行同步放卷,保证毡与膜的行进速度相同,其中,聚四氟乙烯膜为中材科技股份有限公司生产,平均孔径为1.0μm,厚度为5.8μm,透气率为11.2cm/s@127Pa,径向强度为36.1MPa,纬向强度为31.5Mpa,孔隙率为90.9%;然后在高温热辊的机械压迫下使得针刺毡与聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜进行热压覆膜;最后进行覆膜针刺毡收卷,得到半干法脱硫烟气净化覆膜滤料。
其中针刺进行高温高压覆膜时,温度控制在345℃,压强为0.5MPa,覆膜机组车速控制在2.5m/min。按照纤维配方①所得的针刺毡①经上述处理后得滤料①,同理,按照纤维配方②所得的针刺毡②经上述处理后得滤料②。
通过高温高压作用下的毡膜熔融覆合过程控制,使得毡层表面纤维-处理剂-膜表面三相结合更加牢固,主要是毡层纤维表面(包括化学纤维和玻璃纤维)附着的浸渍混合乳液在高温高压微环境中与聚四氟乙烯高致密性微孔薄膜相互进行桥梁支架,其分子链段交互迁移、整合后在新的位置上重新稳定,最终使得毡膜覆合牢固。
覆膜处理后的针刺毡过滤效率高,憎水且易清灰,高效低阻,应用效果良好,滤料①、②的性能指标见表5。
表5
综上所述,在该滤料生产制备过程中,其各工序各工艺参数可在指定的范围内依照现场实际生产制备情况进行选择和调整。
Claims (10)
1.一种半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,其特征在于:由膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层和混纺针刺毡层复合而成;混纺针刺毡由顺序相接的混纺复合迎尘面层、耐腐蚀增强基布层和混纺复合净气面层复合而成,其中,膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层与混纺复合迎尘面层相接。
2.如权利要求1所述的半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,其特征在于:耐腐蚀增强基布层为耐腐蚀性的连续聚四氟乙烯长丝机织而成的平纹组织基布;混纺复合迎尘面层和混纺复合净气面层均为纤维混纺针刺毡层。
3.如权利要求2所述的半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,其特征在于:混纺复合迎尘面层由细度为1.0D-1.5D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为1.5dtex-5.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维和细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维均匀开混、梳理成网和交叉铺网而成,其中,聚酰亚胺纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,聚四氟乙烯纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,余量为耐酸型玻璃纤维;混纺复合净气面层由细度为2.0D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为3.5dtex-7.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维和细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维均匀开混、梳理成网和交叉铺网而成,其中,聚酰亚胺纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,聚四氟乙烯纤维的质量含量为10%-30%,余量为耐酸型玻璃纤维;混纺复合迎尘面层、耐腐蚀增强基布层和混纺复合净气面层三层叠加后针刺加固成针刺毡;细度为1.0D-1.5D的聚酰亚胺纤维和细度为2.0D的聚酰亚胺纤维长度均为51-65mm,细度为1.5dtex-5.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维和细度为3.5dtex-7.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维长度均为48mm-60mm,耐酸型玻璃纤维长度均为51mm-60mm。
4.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,其特征在于:耐腐蚀增强基布层克重为170-200g/m2,混纺复合迎尘面层克重为280-360g/m2,混纺复合净气面层克重为260-340g/m2;膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层的平均孔径不小于0.02μm。
5.如权利要求4所述的半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料,其特征在于:膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层的孔径为0.1μm~1.5μm。
6.权利要求1-5任意一项所述的半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括顺序相接的如下步骤:
①制备混纺针刺毡层基材;
②对步骤①所得的混纺针刺毡层基材进行烧毛热轧处理;
③对步骤②所得的混纺针刺毡层基材进行深层饱和浸渍处理,然后烘焙固化,得混纺针刺毡层;
④对步骤③所得的混纺针刺毡层与膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层利用覆膜机组进行高温高压覆合,得半干法脱硫烟气净化滤料。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤①中,混纺针刺毡层基材的制备所使用的设备为双梳双铺针刺毡生产线,制备步骤为:将细度1.0D-1.5D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为1.5dtex-5.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维与细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维,进行均匀混合、开松、梳理成网、交叉铺网后形成混纺复合迎尘面层;将细度为2.0D的聚酰亚胺纤维、细度为3.5dtex-7.5dtex聚四氟乙烯纤维与细度为3μm-6μm的耐酸型玻璃纤维进行均匀混合、开松、梳理成网、交叉铺网后形成混纺复合净气面层;然后将混纺复合迎尘面层和混纺复合净气面层分别叠放在耐腐蚀增强基布层的上、下表面,再预针刺初步成型,主针刺加固成混纺针刺毡层。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤②中,烧毛处理时,所用燃料为天然气,且火头大小均匀,蓝火,火口距离针刺毡面的距离为2-5cm;热轧处理时,为上、中两个热轧辊和下方耐高温尼龙辊进行压烫,两热轧辊温度均为80-160℃,上、中、下三轧辊间压力为2.3-357KN/m,针刺毡先由上、中两个热轧辊进行主轧,然后再由中热轧辊与下方耐高温尼龙辊进行两辊辅轧,整体走布方向为“S”形;烧毛热轧机组为一体化机组,处理速度为8-24m/min。
9.如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤③中,深层饱和浸渍处理所用浸渍试剂的原料组分包括:固含量高于60%的聚四氟乙烯浓缩分散液10-35%,硅烷型偶联剂0.5-2%,聚丙烯酸树脂型共聚乳液5-20%,纺织后整理用非离子型渗透剂0.1-0.5%,含氟聚合物型防水剂1-4%,亲水性有机硅柔软剂0.1-0.5%和余量的水;烘焙的温度为180-250℃,时间为4-15min;步骤④高温高压覆合的温度为335-365℃,压强为0.2-0.6MPa,覆膜机组车速为1.0-5.0m/min。
10.如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于:膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层由60-85%的PTFE颗粒和15-40%的沸点小于150℃的润滑剂制备而成,所述百分比为质量百分比。
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