CN106579474A - Two-stage shell-breaking type peanut sheller - Google Patents
Two-stage shell-breaking type peanut sheller Download PDFInfo
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- CN106579474A CN106579474A CN201611258110.3A CN201611258110A CN106579474A CN 106579474 A CN106579474 A CN 106579474A CN 201611258110 A CN201611258110 A CN 201611258110A CN 106579474 A CN106579474 A CN 106579474A
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title abstract description 81
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims 10
- 235000008692 Carum bulbocastanum Nutrition 0.000 claims 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
- A23N5/01—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for peanuts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种两级破壳式花生剥壳机，它包括花生破壳机构、风选机构和筛分机构，花生破壳机构包括一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构，所述筛分机构设置未破壳花生导出机构，该剥壳机既能保证较大花生籽粒的完好无损，又可使破壳分离率达到100%，无需人工对未破壳花生进行手工剥壳，达到省时生工的目的，该剥壳机特别适用于种子花生的剥壳分离作业。
The invention discloses a two-stage shell-breaking type peanut sheller, which comprises a peanut shell-breaking mechanism, a winnowing mechanism and a screening mechanism. The peanut shell-breaking mechanism includes a primary shell-breaking mechanism and a secondary shell-breaking mechanism. The screening mechanism is equipped with an export mechanism for uncracked peanuts. This sheller can not only ensure that the larger peanuts are intact, but also make the separation rate of broken shells reach 100%. There is no need to manually shell uncracked peanuts, reaching For the purpose of saving time and labor, this sheller is especially suitable for the shelling and separation of seed peanuts.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农业机具技术领域，具体涉及一种两级破壳式花生剥壳机。The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a two-stage shell-cracking peanut sheller.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会经济的发展，作为主要经济作物的花生种植越来越多，花生仔壳分离的工作量也越来越大。由于成本低、效率高，各种小型花生剥壳机的使用越来越普遍。花生剥壳机主要包括破壳机构和仔壳分离机构，传统的花生破壳机构大多包括壳体、鼠笼式的破壳辊和网栅，通过破壳辊的旋转及其与网栅的撞击作用实现花生壳的破碎。此种结构的主要缺陷在于：由于花生果体大小不一，破壳辊与网栅之间的间隙稍大，则个体较小的花生外壳不能破碎，需要经过筛选拣出手工去壳，或者将破壳辊与网栅之间的间隙进行调整后再次破碎，费时费工，严重影响剥壳效率；破壳辊与网栅之间的间隙稍小，则花生籽粒又常常被挤碎，尤其是个体较大的优良籽粒越是容易挤碎，在种子花生剥壳中更是无法使用。为解决这一问题，有关部门和厂家不断研究出新型花生剥壳机，但性能都不够理想。With the development of social economy, more and more peanuts are planted as the main economic crop, and the workload of separating peanut shells is also increasing. Due to low cost and high efficiency, the use of various small peanut shellers is becoming more and more common. The peanut sheller mainly includes a shell breaking mechanism and a shell separation mechanism. The traditional peanut shell breaking mechanism mostly includes a shell, a squirrel cage type shell breaking roller and a grid. Through the rotation of the shell breaking roller and the impact with the grid The function realizes the crushing of peanut shells. The main defect of this structure is that: due to the different sizes of peanuts, the gap between the shell breaking roller and the grid is slightly larger, so the shells of peanuts with smaller individuals cannot be broken, and need to be sorted out by hand to shell, or The gap between the shell breaking roller and the grid is adjusted and crushed again, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which seriously affects the peeling efficiency; if the gap between the shell breaking roller and the grid is small, the peanut seeds are often crushed, especially Larger fine grains are easier to crush and cannot be used in the shelling of seeds and peanuts. In order to solve this problem, relevant departments and manufacturers continue to develop new peanut shellers, but the performance is not ideal enough.
CN102334736 B公开了一种花生剥壳机，其主要配置了笼栅与剥壳辊间隙调整机构，能够方便地实现笼栅与剥壳辊之间间隙的及时调整。但其只能针对不同的花生品种适当调整笼栅与剥壳辊之间的间隙，而即便是同一品种的花生个体也有大有小，难于分拣得到统一大小的花生进行剥壳。况且，其笼栅上均布钢筋棍，其和剥壳辊均与花生刚性撞击，仍难避免花生籽粒的破碎。CN102334736 B discloses a peanut sheller, which is mainly equipped with a gap adjustment mechanism between the cage grid and the shelling roller, which can conveniently realize the timely adjustment of the gap between the cage grid and the shelling roller. But it can only suitably adjust the gap between the cage grid and the shelling roller for different peanut varieties, and even the peanuts of the same variety are different in size, so it is difficult to sort and obtain peanuts of uniform size for shelling. Moreover, on its cage grid, uniformly distribute steel bar, it and the peeling roller all collide with the rigidity of peanut, still it is difficult to avoid the fragmentation of peanut grain.
CN102551178 A公开了一种花生剥壳机，其主要由橡胶滚筒和直立橡胶板配合对花生果实施破壳，橡胶滚筒和直立橡胶板表面均呈凸凹状，直立橡胶板内部设有弹簧，其较好的解决了花生米的破碎和损伤问题。然而，该结构只有直立橡胶板上的一排凸起与橡胶滚筒轴向设置的各排凸起配合实施剥壳，而且橡胶凸起弹性变形较大，其剥壳效率较低，同时依靠弹簧的挤压，其对不同大小的果体压力不同，对个大的果体压力大，个小的果体压力小，破壳率必定受到影响。CN102551178 A discloses a peanut peeling machine, which mainly cooperates with a rubber roller and an upright rubber plate to crack peanuts. A good solution to the problem of broken and damaged peanuts. However, in this structure, only a row of protrusions on the upright rubber plate cooperate with each row of protrusions arranged in the axial direction of the rubber roller to implement peeling, and the elastic deformation of the rubber protrusions is relatively large, and its peeling efficiency is low. Extrusion has different pressures on fruit bodies of different sizes, and the pressure on a large fruit body is high, while the pressure on a small fruit body is small, and the shell breaking rate must be affected.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的问题是克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种能够实现剥壳花生的多级高质量的破壳，大幅度提高破壳率的两级破壳式花生剥壳机。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a two-stage shelling type peanut sheller capable of realizing multi-stage high-quality shelling of shelled peanuts and greatly improving the rate of shelling.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种两级破壳式花生剥壳机，包括花生破壳机构、风选机构和筛分机构，花生破壳机构包括一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构，所述筛分机构设置未破壳花生导出机构。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a two-stage shell-breaking type peanut sheller, including a peanut shell-breaking mechanism, a winnowing mechanism and a screening mechanism, and the peanut shell-breaking mechanism includes a first-stage shell-breaking mechanism. mechanism and a secondary shell breaking mechanism, and the screening mechanism is provided with an export mechanism for uncracked peanuts.
所述一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构分别包括破壳滚筒和网栅，一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构的滚筒的直径及网栅栅格的大小不同。The first-level shell-breaking mechanism and the second-level shell-breaking mechanism include a shell-breaking drum and a grid respectively, and the diameters of the drums and the grids of the first-level shell-breaking mechanism and the second-level shell-breaking mechanism are different.
所述未破壳花生导出机构由设置在所述筛分机构侧部的出料口、落料管和储料框组成，落料管的两端分别与出料口和储料框连通。The unbroken peanut export mechanism is composed of a discharge port, a discharge pipe and a storage frame arranged on the side of the screening mechanism, and the two ends of the discharge pipe are respectively connected with the discharge port and the storage frame.
所述未破壳花生导出机构包括引料管和与之连通的送风管，引料管两端分别与所述出料口和二级破壳机构连接并连通，送风管连接有压风机。The uncracked peanut export mechanism includes a feed pipe and an air supply pipe connected thereto. Both ends of the feed pipe are respectively connected and communicated with the discharge port and the secondary shell breaking mechanism, and the air supply pipe is connected with a blower.
所述送风管出风口部位设置细颈管。The air outlet of the air supply pipe is provided with a thin neck pipe.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1）本发明的两级破壳式花生剥壳机中设置两级破壳机构，既能保证较大花生籽粒的完好无损，又可使破壳分离率达到100%，无需人工对未破壳花生进行手工剥壳，达到省时生工的目的，该剥壳机特别适用于种子花生的剥壳分离作业。1) The two-stage shell-breaking peanut sheller of the present invention is equipped with a two-stage shell-breaking mechanism, which can not only ensure that the larger peanut seeds are intact, but also make the separation rate of broken shells reach 100%, without manual inspection of unbroken shells. Peanuts are manually shelled to save time and labor. This sheller is especially suitable for the shelling and separation of seed peanuts.
2）未破壳花生的风力输送，不仅取代了未破壳花生的人工上料，减轻了劳动强度，而且能够实现未破壳花生的连续剥壳分离和二级破壳机构的连续有效运行，特别是恰当地设置一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构的滚筒的直径和网栅栅格的大小，即可实现两级破壳机构的均衡作业，降低动力消耗。2) The wind conveying of uncracked peanuts not only replaces the manual loading of uncracked peanuts, reduces labor intensity, but also enables continuous shelling and separation of uncracked peanuts and continuous and effective operation of the secondary cracking mechanism, In particular, if the diameter of the cylinders of the first-stage shell-breaking mechanism and the second-stage shell-breaking mechanism and the size of the mesh grid are properly set, the balanced operation of the two-stage shell-breaking mechanism can be realized and power consumption can be reduced.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例二的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图3是图2中未破壳花生的风送机构的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the blower mechanism for the uncracked peanuts in Fig. 2 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1所示，本发明的两级破壳式花生剥壳机，包括机架1、花生破壳机构、风选机构和筛分机构，花生破壳机构包括一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构，所述筛分机构设置未破壳花生导出机构。一级破壳机构与二级破壳机构的结构基本相同，分别包括破壳滚筒11、16、网栅10、20和带有进料口14、18和出料口32、31的壳体8、15，所述破壳滚筒11、16周侧设置如夹线橡胶板材料制成或其它弹性剥壳刀13、17，破壳滚筒11、16通过滚筒轴12、19与壳体8、15连接。网栅10、20可采用鼠笼式结构，通过托架9、21与壳体8、15活动连接。一级破壳机构与二级破壳机构的区别在于其滚筒11、16的直径及网栅10、20栅格的大小不同。一级破壳机构用于花生的一级破壳，其滚筒11的直径较小，即其与网栅10之间的间隙较大，以避免花生籽粒的破碎；其网栅10的栅格也比较大，利于较大花生籽粒的顺利通过。二级破壳机构用于花生的二级破壳，个体较小的花生在一级破壳中未能将花生壳击破，通过筛分机构分离后可送进该二级破壳机构中进行二次破壳，因此二级破壳机构的滚筒16直径较大，即其与网栅20之间的间隙较小，网栅20栅格也比较小，利于个体较小的花生壳的破碎。所述风选机构包括风车，所述风车包括圆筒状风车壳体2和位于风车壳体2内并与之同轴心的转子4，所述转子4由主轴3和与之连接的若干刮板状叶片5，主轴3一端连接有驱动机构（图中未示），风车壳体2两端中心部位设置进风口6，风车壳体2与筛分机构对应的一侧设置出风口和导风短管7。所述筛分机构包括一级筛框24、二级筛框26和破碎籽粒集料框28，一级筛框24和二级筛框26的底部分别设置筛网25、27。一级筛框24用于花生壳、花生籽粒和为破壳花生的分离，其中部设有花生壳导料挡板23和出壳口22。一级筛框24尾部连接有未破壳花生导出机构，未破壳花生导出机构由设置在一级筛框24侧部的未破壳花生出料口（图中未示）、落料管29和储料框30组成。二级筛框26用于花生籽粒与破碎籽粒的分离，合格的花生籽粒由二级筛框26尾部设置的出口导出，破碎及秕小的花生籽粒穿过底部的筛网27落入破碎籽粒集料框28。图中标号33为筛分机构振动驱动机构。As shown in Figure 1, the two-stage shell-breaking type peanut sheller of the present invention includes a frame 1, a peanut shell-breaking mechanism, a winnowing mechanism and a screening mechanism, and the peanut shell-breaking mechanism includes a primary shell-breaking mechanism and a secondary shell-breaking mechanism. Shell breaking mechanism, the screening mechanism is provided with an export mechanism for peanuts that have not been broken into shells. The structure of the primary shell-breaking mechanism and the secondary shell-breaking mechanism is basically the same, including shell breaking drums 11, 16, grids 10, 20, and a housing 8 with feed ports 14, 18 and discharge ports 32, 31. , 15, the shell breaking cylinder 11, 16 peripheral side is provided with such as clamping rubber sheet material or other elastic peeling knives 13, 17, the shell breaking cylinder 11, 16 passes through the cylinder shaft 12, 19 and the housing 8, 15 connect. The grids 10, 20 can adopt a squirrel-cage structure, and are movably connected with the housings 8, 15 through the brackets 9, 21. The difference between the first-level shell-breaking mechanism and the secondary shell-breaking mechanism is that the diameter of its cylinders 11,16 and the size of the grid 10,20 grids are different. The first-level broken shell mechanism is used for the first-level broken shell of peanuts. The diameter of its cylinder 11 is less, that is, the gap between it and the grid 10 is larger, so as to avoid the crushing of peanut seeds; the grid of its grid 10 is also It is relatively large, which is conducive to the smooth passage of large peanut kernels. The second-stage shell breaking mechanism is used for the second-stage shell breaking of peanuts. Peanuts with smaller individuals fail to break the peanut shells in the first-stage shell breaking. After being separated by the screening mechanism, they can be sent to the secondary shell-breaking mechanism for second Second broken shell, so the cylinder 16 diameter of secondary broken shell mechanism is bigger, and promptly the gap between it and grid 20 is less, and grid 20 grids are also relatively small, is conducive to the fragmentation of individual less peanut shells. The winnowing mechanism includes a windmill, and the windmill includes a cylindrical windmill housing 2 and a rotor 4 that is located in the windmill housing 2 and coaxial with it, and the rotor 4 is composed of a main shaft 3 and several scrapers connected thereto. Plate-shaped blades 5, one end of the main shaft 3 is connected with a drive mechanism (not shown in the figure), the air inlet 6 is set at the center of both ends of the windmill shell 2, and the windmill shell 2 is set with an air outlet and a wind guide on the side corresponding to the screening mechanism short tube7. The screening mechanism includes a primary sieve frame 24, a secondary sieve frame 26 and a crushed grain collection frame 28, and screens 25 and 27 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the primary sieve frame 24 and the secondary sieve frame 26. The primary sieve frame 24 is used for separating peanut shells, peanut grains and shelled peanuts, and a peanut shell guide baffle plate 23 and a shell outlet 22 are provided in the middle. The tail of the primary screen frame 24 is connected with an export mechanism for unbroken peanuts, and the unbroken peanut export mechanism consists of an unbroken peanut discharge port (not shown in the figure) arranged on the side of the primary screen frame 24, a discharge pipe 29 And material storage frame 30 forms. The secondary sieve frame 26 is used for the separation of peanut kernels and broken kernels. Qualified peanut kernels are exported from the outlet provided at the end of the secondary sieve frame 26. Broken and small peanut kernels fall through the screen 27 at the bottom and fall into the broken kernel collection. Material box 28. Number 33 among the figure is the vibrating driving mechanism of the screening mechanism.
本发明的两级破壳式花生剥壳机使用时，可先启动一级破壳机构中滚筒11和风选机构中转子4的旋转，将待剥壳花生送入一级破壳机构内进行破壳。破壳后在风选机构风力的作用下，花生壳由一级筛框24的出壳口22排出，未破壳的花生由未破壳花生导出机构导入储料框30内，破壳的合格花生籽粒及破碎籽粒落入二级筛框26再经筛分后分别排出。此时可启动二级破壳机构，将储料框30内收集的未破壳花生送入二级破壳机构的壳体15内进行二级破壳。这样，既能保证较大花生籽粒的完好无损，又可使破壳分离率达到100%，无需人工对未破壳花生进行手工剥壳，达到省时生工的目的。而且该剥壳机特别适用于种子花生的剥壳分离作业。When the two-stage shell-breaking type peanut sheller of the present invention is used, the rotation of the drum 11 in the first-stage shell-breaking mechanism and the rotor 4 in the winnowing mechanism can be started first, and the peanuts to be shelled are sent into the first-stage shell-breaking mechanism for crushing. shell. After breaking the shells, under the action of the wind force of the winnowing mechanism, the peanut shells are discharged from the shell outlet 22 of the primary screen frame 24, and the peanut shells that have not been broken are introduced into the storage frame 30 by the peanut export mechanism that has not broken the shells. Peanut grains and broken grains fall into the secondary sieve frame 26 and then are sieved and discharged respectively. Can start secondary broken shell mechanism this moment, the not broken shell peanut that collects in the material storage frame 30 is sent in the housing 15 of secondary broken shell mechanism and carries out secondary broken shell. In this way, it can not only ensure that the larger peanuts are intact, but also make the separation rate of broken shells reach 100%, and there is no need to manually shell peanuts that have not been broken, so as to save time and labor. Moreover, the sheller is especially suitable for the shelling and separation of seed peanuts.
实施例二Embodiment two
结合图1参看图2、图3，作为未破壳花生导出机构的改进，其可包括引料管34和与之连通的送风管36，引料管36两端分别与所述未破壳花生出料口和二级破壳机构的壳体15连接并连通，送风管36连接有压风机35。本实施方式中壳体15顶部可不设进料口，由引料管34进入的气流可从出料口31排出，直接增加风选的风力，相应降低风选机构的动力消耗，为实现这一增量的有效性，还可在出料口31的一侧设置一导流板37。通过风力输送，不仅取代了未破壳花生的人工上料，减轻了劳动强度，而且能够实现未破壳花生的连续剥壳分离和二级破壳机构的连续有效运行，特别是恰当地设置一级破壳机构和二级破壳机构的滚筒11、16的直径和网栅10、20栅格的大小，即可实现两级破壳机构的均衡作业，降低动力消耗。在送风管出风口部位还可设置细颈管36-1，以提高出口风速，利于未破壳花生的快速输送。Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in conjunction with Fig. 1, as an improvement of the uncracked peanut export mechanism, it may include a feed pipe 34 and an air supply pipe 36 connected thereto, and the two ends of the feed pipe 36 are connected with the uncracked peanuts respectively. The material opening is connected and communicated with the housing 15 of the secondary shell breaking mechanism, and the air supply pipe 36 is connected with a blower 35 . In this embodiment, the top of the casing 15 may not be provided with a feed port, and the airflow entered by the feed pipe 34 can be discharged from the discharge port 31, directly increasing the wind power of the winnowing, and correspondingly reducing the power consumption of the winnowing mechanism. In order to realize this increase To improve the effectiveness of the amount, a deflector 37 can also be arranged on one side of the discharge port 31. Through wind conveying, it not only replaces the manual feeding of uncracked peanuts, reduces labor intensity, but also realizes continuous shelling and separation of uncracked peanuts and continuous and effective operation of the secondary cracking mechanism, especially if a The diameter of the cylinder 11,16 of the first-stage shell-breaking mechanism and the secondary shell-breaking mechanism and the size of the grid 10,20 grid can realize the balanced operation of the two-stage shell-breaking mechanism and reduce power consumption. Thin neck pipe 36-1 can also be set at the air outlet position of the air supply pipe to increase the outlet wind speed and facilitate the rapid transportation of uncracked peanuts.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention without limitation, other modifications or equivalent replacements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and spirit of the technical solution of the present invention All should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
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| CN110786525A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-14 | 合肥恒谦信息科技有限公司 | Multifunctional peanut shelling device |
| CN113040399A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 河南省农业科学院长垣分院 | Peanut shelling and cleaning all-in-one machine |
| CN114766119A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-07-22 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Seed divides sieve broken skin device |
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