CN106576454B

CN106576454B - Self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine

Info

Publication number: CN106576454B
Application number: CN201710035070.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程传策; 徐世晓; 姬小明; 薛刚; 张丰收
Original assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-01-18
Filing date: 2017-01-18
Publication date: 2023-05-23
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-18
Also published as: CN106576454A

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-rotation water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine which comprises a frame, wheels and a driving mechanism, wherein a water and fertilizer integrated spraying system and a film rolling mechanism are arranged on the frame; legs are distributed at positions below the front end and the rear end of the frame, which correspond to the furrows, wheels are connected below the legs through sleeves, and a synchronous steering mechanism is arranged below the legs; the bottom of each sleeve is also provided with a film picking mechanism. The invention can go deep into a plurality of furrows and walk along the furrows to collect films. Is particularly suitable for the mode of planting in ridges and furrows, and is particularly suitable for recycling the tobacco mulching film. Reduces land pollution and maintains sustainable development of tobacco leaf production. The wheel directions are synchronously adjusted in situ, the synchronous rotation of all wheels can be realized by only one electric control moving mechanism, and the movement control is very convenient.

Description

Self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting mulch recycling equipment, in particular to a self-rotation water and fertilizer integrated mulch recycling machine.

Background

Plastic film mulching cultivation starts in the southern rainy region of japan. After the technology is automatically transferred into China, the technology is greatly popularized in tobacco agricultural production, and according to incomplete statistics, the coverage area of a tobacco mulching film in China accounts for about 70% of the total tobacco planting area so far, and the technology has been developed into an important technical measure for tobacco cultivation. The beneficial and some adverse effects of plastic film mulching in tobacco leaf production are mainly described, and how plastic film mulching measures should be reasonably utilized in tobacco leaf field production to improve tobacco leaf production quality is proposed.

The plastic film mulching cultivation has the following advantages:

first, thermal insulation effects. After the ridge body is covered by the plastic film, the plastic film blocks the long wave radiation and heat convection of the soil in the ridge body, so that the balance of water evaporation in the soil and condensation and heat release of water drops under the plastic film is maintained, the heat dissipation is reduced, and the heat preservation effect is realized.

Second, water storage and soil moisture conservation effects. On one hand, the plastic film mulching limits the evaporation of soil moisture, and the evaporated moisture is condensed into water drops which return to the soil, so that the loss of the soil moisture is reduced; on the other hand, the mulching film prevents a large amount of rainwater from entering the soil during rainfall, keeps the stability of the relative content of the soil moisture, and creates a good environment for the growth of tobacco plants.

Thirdly, improving physical and chemical properties of soil and improving nutrient conditions of the soil. The plastic film mulching is beneficial to alleviating the phenomenon that soil is hardened and the volume weight is changed due to rain wash, and the loose state of the soil is maintained. In addition, as the plastic film mulching improves the temperature and the moisture content of the soil, the plastic film mulching is more beneficial to the decomposition and the conversion of soil and fertilizer nutrients, and improves the availability of the soil nutrients.

Fourth, it can effectively prevent and treat some diseases and insect pests and weeds. The adoption of plastic film mulching changes the microenvironment of soil, and effectively controls the infectious sources and the transmission paths of diseases.

Fifth, it can promote tobacco growth and development and increase economic yield. The plastic film mulching improves the soil environment, is beneficial to the growth of tobacco plant root systems for underground parts, and can improve the tobacco leaf yield by faster growth of tobacco plants in the earlier stage for overground parts.

However, the degradable film is unwilling to accept by farmers because of higher cost, so the agricultural film used by the degradable film is mainly a common PVC plastic film, and can cause serious pollution to soil because of being incapable of degrading, sometimes prevent the growth of seedling root systems, isolate moisture, lead seedlings to wither and die when serious, lead to resource waste because plastic film residual films are thrown in the field, and especially lead to unclean recovery of the residual films because of the poor recovery effect of the residual films of the mulching film recovery machine in the prior art.

At present, most of domestic mulch recycling machines can only complete recycling of residual mulch paved on the ground surface, and the mulch collected by the mode is relatively dispersed, low in net picking rate and easy to cause the problems of difficult film clamping and stripping and the like. The existing residual film recycling machine is large in size, complex in structure and high in cost, and is especially not suitable for film collection of tobacco mulching films. In the film laying process of tobacco, the situation of ridges and furrows exists, and after the film is laid on the ridges, the two sides of the film need to be covered with soil to be pressed. In addition, the agricultural films buried in the soil at the two sides of the ridge cannot be recovered by the existing residual film recovery machine. The cleaning work after the ridge type film laying can only be carried out manually, and the labor intensity is high.

The main reason for the lack of the ridging and film collecting machine is that the recovery difficulty of the mulching film in the seedling stage of the tobacco field is high. The main technical difficulty is that the depth of the tobacco planting furrows is large (the depth is 200-250 mm), the slope angle of the furrows is large (the included angle between the furrow slope and the horizontal line is 25-37 degrees), the existing film picking mechanism is operated by rotating the horizontal shaft, and profiling film picking cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem that the existing mulching film recycling machine is not suitable for the inter-ridge film collecting function, the invention provides the self-rotation water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine, which can collect the film in the period of low mulching film breakage rate, can recycle the whole film, and has no film corrosion residue.

The following technical scheme is adopted for achieving the purposes: the self-rotating water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine comprises a frame, wheels and a driving mechanism, wherein a water and fertilizer integrated spraying system and a film rolling mechanism are arranged on the frame, and the wheels of the frame comprise motor wheels and follower wheels and are provided with a storage battery and a controller; legs are distributed at positions below the front end and the rear end of the frame, which correspond to the furrows, sleeves are sleeved below the legs, and motor wheels or follower wheels are arranged at the lower ends of the sleeves; a pair of upper and lower fixed sleeves are respectively arranged on each sleeve at the same height, a rotating shaft is connected between the upper and lower fixed sleeves, a movable sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and adjacent movable sleeves are connected through a synchronous connecting rod; the upper end of the rotating shaft or the upper end of the synchronous connecting rod is connected with a swinging rod, a translation rod is connected between the front swinging rod and the rear swinging rod, the middle part of the translation rod is connected with an electric control telescopic mechanism, and the root part of the electric control telescopic mechanism is supported on the frame; a baffle is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve below the leg, a swivel mount is sleeved on the upper side of the baffle, and a locking bolt is arranged on the swivel mount; the rotary seat is connected with a film picking supporting seat, a Y-shaped connecting rod is fixed on the front side or the rear side of the film picking supporting seat, two tail ends of the Y-shaped connecting rod are respectively provided with a film picking shovel piece, and an included angle alpha between the film picking shovel piece and the horizontal plane is more than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.

The film winding mechanism comprises a film winding motor and a film winding roller, wherein the shaft of the film winding roller is arranged on an auxiliary beam at the lower part of the frame through a bearing, and the rotating shaft of the film winding motor is in transmission connection with the shaft of the film winding roller. The film winding roller is positioned in the middle of the frame and is positioned at the gap position between two adjacent wheels.

The follower wheel adopts the structural mode of a universal wheel.

The water and fertilizer integrated spraying system comprises a water tank, a fertilizer tank and a mixing tank, wherein the water tank and the fertilizer tank are arranged on a frame, the water tank is communicated with the mixing tank through a pipeline, a valve and a water pump, and the fertilizer tank is communicated with the mixing tank through the pipeline and the valve. The bottom of the mixing box is connected with a liquid outlet pipe, the tail end of the liquid outlet pipe is connected with a drain pipe, and water outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the drain pipe.

The mixing box is internally provided with a mixer, the mixer comprises a cylindrical body, the cylindrical body is sealed up and down, liquid discharge holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical body, the tail end of a pipeline from the fertilizer box is connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the cylindrical body, the pipeline from the outlet of the water pump is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical body, a spray head is arranged, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated to the bottom of the mixing box and is far away from the mixer.

The front side and the rear side of the lower part of the frame are respectively provided with a vertical front slideway and a vertical rear slideway, a front sliding rod and a rear sliding rod are respectively arranged in the front slideway and the rear slideway in a matching way, and locking bolts are respectively arranged; the lower ends of the front slide bar and the rear slide bar are respectively supported with a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe, the front drain pipe and the rear drain pipe are respectively communicated with the mixing box through a front liquid outlet pipe and a rear liquid outlet pipe, and the front liquid outlet pipe and the rear liquid outlet pipe are respectively provided with a valve.

The middle position of the lower part of the frame is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is provided with a symmetrical horizontal swing rod, the front end and the rear end of the symmetrical horizontal swing rod are respectively connected with a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe, the front drain pipe and the rear drain pipe are respectively communicated with the mixing box through a front liquid outlet pipe and a rear liquid outlet pipe, and the front liquid outlet pipe and the rear liquid outlet pipe are respectively provided with a front valve and a rear valve. And a linkage rod is arranged between the front valve and the rear valve and the frame respectively, any valve is pulled by the linkage rod to close the valve when swinging upwards, and any valve is pushed by the linkage rod to open the valve when swinging downwards.

The beneficial effects are that: 1. the invention relates to a small-sized tobacco field seedling stage mulching film recycling machine which is economical and practical and suitable for a tobacco planting mode, and can penetrate into a plurality of furrows and walk along the furrows to collect films. Is particularly suitable for the mode of planting in ridges and furrows, and is particularly suitable for recycling the tobacco mulching film. Reduces land pollution and maintains sustainable development of tobacco leaf production.

2. The mulching film recycling machine can move forwards and backwards to collect the mulching film, spray water and fertilize, and synchronously adjust the directions of all wheels in situ, so that the direction adjustment of the whole machine is not required: the transverse movement can be realized by controlling each wheel to rotate by 90 degrees at the ridge end, the longitudinal movement can be realized by returning to 90 degrees, the synchronous rotation of all wheels can be realized by only one electric control moving mechanism, and the movement control is very convenient.

3. The multifunctional fertilizer collector integrates fertilization, water supplementing and film collecting, and can realize multifunctional operation. The film picking mechanism can be height-adjustable, so that the film picking mechanism can be adjusted and used according to specific application conditions.

4. The invention can collect the film in the period of low film breakage rate (less than 5%), can recover the whole film, and has no problem of film residue.

5. The recycling film has high recycling degree and is convenient for recycling resources.

6. The invention has the self-walking function, and the structure is simplified without large traction machinery entering the ground, thereby being suitable for recycling the mulching films of the ridge and furrow crops.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the frame structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevational view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a film take-up schematic view of the mulch film recycling machine of the present invention;

fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a in fig. 3.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a frame, 2 is a leg, 3 is a sleeve, 4 is a motor wheel, 5 is a follower wheel, 6 is a film picking support seat, 7 is a film picking shovel, 8 is a film winding roller, 9 is a film winding motor, 10 is a driving wheel, 11 is a driven wheel, 12 is a storage battery, 13 is a baffle, 14 is a locking bolt, 15 is an electric control telescopic mechanism, 16 is a swivel base, 17 is a mulching film, 18 is a ridge, 19 is a furrow, 20 is a fixed sleeve, 21 is a rotating shaft, 22 is a movable sleeve, 23 is a film collecting roller shaft, 24 is a slide way, 25 is a slide bar, 26 is an auxiliary beam, 27 is a water tank, 28 is a fertilizer tank support, 29 is a fertilizer tank, 30 is a mixing tank, 31 is a water pump, 32 is a fertilizer tank pipeline, 33 is a front liquid outlet pipe, 34b rear liquid outlet pipe, 35a is a front water outlet pipe, 35b rear water outlet pipe, 36 is a casing, 38 is a synchronous link, 39 is a swinging rod, 40 is a translation rod, and 41 is a Y-shaped link.

Detailed Description

Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a frame 1 is a frame type mulching film recycling machine integrating self-steering and water and fertilizer, and the outer side of the frame can be wrapped with a shell.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, legs 2 are distributed at positions corresponding to furrows under the front and rear ends of the frame 1, a sleeve 3 is sleeved under each leg 2, and a motor wheel 4 or a follower wheel 5 (which may be partly a motor wheel 4 or other follower wheels 5) is mounted at the lower end of the sleeve 3 and is provided with a storage battery and a controller. The follower wheel 5 adopts a universal wheel structure mode. The motor wheel 4 is adopted to realize self-walking design, large traction machinery is not needed, so that the device is suitable for recycling of mulching films of crops in ridges and furrows, can go deep into a plurality of furrows, can collect films by walking along the furrows, can recover the films entirely, and does not have the problem of film decomposition residue.

Has the function of synchronously adjusting the directions of all wheels in situ. A pair of upper and lower fixed sleeves 20 are respectively arranged on each sleeve 3 at the same height, a rotating shaft 21 is connected between the upper and lower fixed sleeves 20, a movable sleeve 22 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 21, and adjacent movable sleeves 22 are connected through synchronous connecting rods. The upper end of the rotating shaft 21 is connected with a vertical swing rod 39, a translation rod 40 is connected between the front swing rod 39 and the rear swing rod 39, the middle part of the translation rod 40 is connected with an electric control telescopic mechanism 15, and the root of the electric control telescopic mechanism 15 is supported on the frame. Therefore, all wheels can synchronously rotate in situ by controlling the telescopic movement of the electric control moving mechanism, the transverse movement can be realized by controlling each wheel to automatically rotate for 90 degrees at the ridge end, and the longitudinal movement can be realized by returning to 90 degrees. The movement control is very convenient.

And (3) arranging a film picking mechanism: a baffle is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve 3 below each leg part 2, a swivel seat 16 is sleeved on the upper side of the baffle, and a locking bolt is arranged; the membrane picking supporting seat 6 is connected to the swivel base 16, a Y-shaped connecting rod 41 is fixed to the front side or the rear side of the membrane picking supporting seat 6, membrane picking shovel pieces 7 are respectively arranged at two tail ends of the Y-shaped connecting rod 41, and an included angle alpha between the membrane picking shovel pieces 7 and the horizontal plane is smaller than 45 degrees, as shown in figure 5.

The bottom of the frame 1 is provided with a film rolling mechanism: referring to fig. 3 and 4, the film winding mechanism comprises a film winding motor 9 and a film winding roller 8, wherein the shaft of the film winding roller 8 is arranged on an auxiliary beam at the lower part of the frame 1 through a bearing, and the rotating shaft of the film winding motor 9 is in transmission connection with the shaft of the film winding roller 8. The film winding roller 8 is positioned in the middle of the frame 1 and is positioned at the gap position between two adjacent wheels.

The water and fertilizer integrated spraying system is arranged on the frame 1: referring to fig. 3 and 4, the water and fertilizer integrated spraying system comprises a water tank and a fertilizer tank which are arranged on a frame 1, and a mixing tank, wherein the water tank is communicated with the mixing tank through a pipeline, a valve and a water pump, and the fertilizer tank is communicated with the mixing tank through the pipeline and the valve. The bottom of the mixing box is connected with a liquid outlet pipe, the tail end of the liquid outlet pipe is connected with a drain pipe, and water outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the drain pipe.

Referring to fig. 3, a front slide way and a rear slide way which are vertical are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the lower part of the frame 1, a front slide bar and a rear slide bar are respectively arranged in the front slide way and the rear slide way in a matching way, and locking bolts are respectively arranged; the lower ends of the front slide bar and the rear slide bar are respectively supported with a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe, the front drain pipe and the rear drain pipe are respectively communicated with the mixing box through a front liquid outlet pipe and a rear liquid outlet pipe, and the front liquid outlet pipe and the rear liquid outlet pipe are respectively provided with a valve.

Example 2: another self-rotation liquid manure integration plastic film recycling machine, on the basis of embodiment 1, changes the part of the liquid manure integration spraying system: a rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the frame 1, a symmetrical transverse swing rod 39 is arranged on the rotating shaft, the front end and the rear end of the symmetrical transverse swing rod 39 are respectively connected with a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe, the front drain pipe and the rear drain pipe are respectively communicated with the mixing box through a front liquid outlet pipe and a rear liquid outlet pipe, and the front liquid outlet pipe and the rear liquid outlet pipe are respectively provided with a front valve and a rear valve. And a linkage rod is arranged between the front valve and the rear valve and the frame 1 respectively, any valve is pulled by the linkage rod to close the valve when swinging upwards, and any valve is pushed by the linkage rod to open the valve when swinging downwards.

Claims

1. The self-rotating water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine comprises a frame, wheels and a driving mechanism, wherein a water and fertilizer integrated spraying system and a film rolling mechanism are arranged on the frame, and the wheels of the frame comprise motor wheels and follower wheels and are provided with a storage battery and a controller; the method is characterized in that: legs are distributed at positions below the front end and the rear end of the frame, which correspond to the furrows, sleeves are sleeved below the legs, and motor wheels or follower wheels are arranged at the lower ends of the sleeves; a pair of upper and lower fixed sleeves are respectively arranged on each sleeve at the same height, a rotating shaft is connected between the upper and lower fixed sleeves, a movable sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and adjacent movable sleeves are connected through a synchronous connecting rod; the upper end of the rotating shaft or the upper end of the synchronous connecting rod is connected with a swinging rod, a translation rod is connected between the front swinging rod and the rear swinging rod, the middle part of the translation rod is connected with an electric control telescopic mechanism, and the root part of the electric control telescopic mechanism is supported on the frame; a baffle is arranged on the outer side of the sleeve below the leg, a swivel mount is sleeved on the upper side of the baffle, and a locking bolt is arranged on the swivel mount; the rotary seat is connected with a film picking supporting seat, a Y-shaped connecting rod is fixed on the front side or the rear side of the film picking supporting seat, two tail ends of the Y-shaped connecting rod are respectively provided with a film picking shovel piece, and an included angle alpha between the film picking shovel piece and the horizontal plane is more than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees; the film rolling mechanism comprises a film rolling motor and a film rolling roller, wherein the shaft of the film rolling roller is arranged on an auxiliary beam at the lower part of the frame through a bearing, and the rotating shaft of the film rolling motor is in transmission connection with the shaft of the film rolling roller; the follower wheel adopts the structural mode of a universal wheel.

2. The self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the film winding roller is positioned in the middle of the frame and is positioned at the gap position between two adjacent wheels.

3. The self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water and fertilizer integrated spraying system comprises a water tank, a fertilizer tank and a mixing tank, wherein the water tank and the fertilizer tank are arranged on a frame, the water tank is communicated with the mixing tank through a pipeline, a valve and a water pump, and the fertilizer tank is communicated with the mixing tank through the pipeline and the valve.

4. The self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mixing box is internally provided with a mixer, the mixer comprises a cylindrical body, the cylindrical body is sealed up and down, liquid discharge holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical body, the tail end of a pipeline from the fertilizer box is connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the cylindrical body, the pipeline from the outlet of the water pump is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical body, a spray head is arranged, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated to the bottom of the mixing box and is far away from the mixer.

5. The self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front side and the rear side of the lower part of the frame are respectively provided with a vertical front slideway and a vertical rear slideway, a front sliding rod and a rear sliding rod are respectively arranged in the front slideway and the rear slideway in a matching way, and locking bolts are respectively arranged; the lower ends of the front slide bar and the rear slide bar are respectively supported with a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe, the front drain pipe and the rear drain pipe are respectively communicated with the mixing box through a front liquid outlet pipe and a rear liquid outlet pipe, and the front liquid outlet pipe and the rear liquid outlet pipe are respectively provided with a valve.

6. The self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle position of the lower part of the frame is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is provided with a symmetrical horizontal swing rod, the front end and the rear end of the symmetrical horizontal swing rod are respectively connected with a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe, the front drain pipe and the rear drain pipe are respectively communicated with the mixing box through a front liquid outlet pipe and a rear liquid outlet pipe, and the front liquid outlet pipe and the rear liquid outlet pipe are respectively provided with a front valve and a rear valve.

7. The self-steering water and fertilizer integrated mulching film recycling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: and a linkage rod is arranged between the front valve and the rear valve and the frame respectively, any valve is pulled by the linkage rod to close the valve when swinging upwards, and any valve is pushed by the linkage rod to open the valve when swinging downwards.