CN106573967A - 表皮生长因子受体基因的胞外域iii中的突变 - Google Patents
表皮生长因子受体基因的胞外域iii中的突变 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及在表皮生长因子受体基因中新鉴定的突变,该突变导致的氨基酸改变与对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性高度相关。本发明包括:检测所述突变的肽序列和引物,以及用于预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的响应的试剂盒。特别是,本发明在适用于转移性结肠直肠癌的治疗方案中有用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人表皮生长因子受体基因的新突变,其作为确定对单克隆抗体治疗的响应的标志物。
背景技术
表皮生长因子受体基因(EGFR)是属于表皮生长因子受体家族(ErbB家族)的跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体,该家族包括4个密切相关的受体酪氨酸激酶:EGFR(ErbB-1)、HER2/c-neu(ErbB-2)、Her 3(ErbB-3)和Her 4(ErbB-4)。在配体结合时,EGFR激活细胞内信号传导途径,主要为RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK级联和PI3K-AKT途径,所述途径调节关键的致癌事件例如凋亡、细胞生长、血管生成和转移。已经在数种癌症中报道了EGFR的异常激活或过表达(即,Mendelsohn J,Baselga J等,"Epidermal growth factor receptor targeting incancer".Semin Oncol-2006,第33卷,第369–38页)。在肺癌中已经描述了EGFR基因的突变。例如在Lynch TJ等的文章"Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factorreceptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer togefitinib",N Engl J Med-2004,第350卷,第2129-2139页中公开了所述突变的实例。
转移性结肠直肠癌(mCRC)在西方国家世界是第二高致死的癌症。
基于单克隆抗体(moAb,例如,西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗,其针对EGFR的胞外域III)的疗法给mCRC患者带来了显著的存活益处,并且现在成为了这些患者治疗方案的标准组成部分(即,无论是单独使用还是与其他抗肿瘤药组合使用)。
moAb结合癌细胞上表达的外来抗原。一旦结合,癌细胞就被标记,从而受到患者免疫系统的破坏。除了靶向癌细胞之外,moAb还能够被设计为作用于肿瘤生长所必需的其他细胞类型和分子。例如,抗体能够中和生长因子,从而抑制肿瘤扩大。可以产生对几乎所有细胞外/细胞表面靶标(例如癌细胞)特异性的moAb。总之,moAb可用于摧毁恶性肿瘤细胞并通过阻断特异性细胞受体抑制肿瘤生长。治疗moAb西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗结合EGFR并阻止EGFR驱动的细胞内信号传导路径(即,RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK级联和PI3K-AKT路径)的活化。
并非所有mCRC患者均响应于包含moAb的治疗方案。mCRC患者对这种治疗缺乏响应可能是原发的(即,从抗EGFR moAb治疗开始时),成为原发抗性。此外,所有最初响应于抗EGFR moAb的mCRC患者总是发展为继发抗性,即,对抗EGFR moAb的获得性抗性。在这两种情况中,结果均是治疗失败。导致mCRC患者中获得这种治疗抗性的机理还不完全为人所知。
KRAS(也称为V-Ki-ras2,Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物)是EGFR的下游效应物,并且是对抗EGFR moAb的原发抗性的标志物。KRAS对mCRC患者的治疗优化有显著影响。40%的结肠直肠肿瘤携带了KRAS基因突变,并且这些患者不能从抗EGFR moAb获益。在目前临床实践中,所有考虑进行抗EGFR moAb疗法的mCRC患者均应进行KRAS检测,如果检测到KRAS突变,则应将患者排除在西妥昔单抗或帕尼单抗疗法之外。
虽然将KRAS突变和更近期的NRAS(神经母细胞瘤Ras病毒原癌基因同源物)突变用作针对抗EGFR moAb的原发抗体的标志物意味着迈向优化mCRC患者治疗的显著进步,但对针对抗EGFR moAb的获得性抗性的潜在分子变化的理解才是改善这些药物临床益处的关键挑战。近来,在患者体内明晰了继发抗性(获得性抗性)。根据Misale等,“Emergence ofKRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectalcancer”,Nature–2012,第486卷,第532-536页可推知,在约50%的病例中,最常见的事件是出现KRAS突变或基因扩增。
继发抗性的其他机理包括:如Montagut等,“Identification of a mutation inthe extracellular domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor conferringcetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer”,Nature Medicine-2012,第18卷,第221-223页所述,获得EGFR胞外域中的突变,其消除了西妥昔单抗对EGFR的结合。该突变是EGFR基因胞外部分中的多态性,导致所编码蛋白结构域III中的氨基酸置换S492R。
基于研究单克隆抗体与EGFR表位相互作用的目的,数份报道涉及对关键表位的作图。这些报道提供了通过EGFR的结构域III中定点突变获得的突变数据。这些报道的实例有Voigt等的一篇报道“Functional Dissection of the Epidermal Growth FactorReceptor Epitopes Targeted by Panitumumab and Cetuximab”,Neoplasia–2012,Vol.No.14(11),pp.:1023-1031。该文章公开了野生型氨基酸几乎改变为丙氨酸的突变(根据点突变测试的规程和工具所述)。Voigt总结到:定点突变的体外数据可能在体内没有意义,这是因为通过丙氨酸扫描法限定为对西妥昔单抗或帕尼单抗结合关键的残基在体内也可突变为其他氨基酸,但没有功能性后果。因此,通过定点突变鉴定的所限定表位中的那些关键位置并非表明体内有意义的突变(特定氨基酸交换)。
于是,药物抗性是以抗EGFR药物,即西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗治疗的结肠直肠癌患者中的主要挑战。对抗性分子机理的明晰是一个较大目标,但其意味着检测到有意义的突变或其他基因改变,可作为预测响应并且同时确定是否需要由于获得性抗性(继发抗性)而改变特定医疗方案的标志物。总之,现有技术提供了在mCRC患者中检测针对抗EGFR moAb疗法的原发和继发抗性的有用工具,但还需要鉴定另外的和替代性的抗性预测生物标志物,以覆盖具有不同突变或具有抗性分子机理的不同进化的患者。
发明内容
本发明人已经鉴定了与针对癌症疗法中使用的一些moAb治疗的抗性关联的人EGFR胞外域(结构域III)中的新突变。所述突变导致以下氨基酸替换:EGFR蛋白的451位精氨酸变为半胱氨酸;EGFR蛋白的464位丝氨酸变为亮氨酸;EGFR蛋白的465位甘氨酸变为精氨酸;和EGFR蛋白的467位赖氨酸变为苏氨酸。
野生型人EGFR蛋白具有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:2,其突变在本文中称为R451C、S464L、G465R和K467T。所述突变在抗EGFR moAb治疗后的mCRC患者中可单独检测或相互组合检测。
所有这些突变均位于西妥昔单抗结合表位的特定氨基酸序列片段中。即,它们位于SEQ ID NO:2的450位氨基酸至470位氨基酸片段中,该SEQ ID NO:2对应于人EGFR的共有野生型氨基酸序列。西妥昔单抗结合表位的该氨基酸序列片段在此也称为SEQ ID NO:12(LRSLKEISDGDVIISGNKNLC)。有趣的是,本发明人发现该片段包括许多特定氨基酸交换(突变),引起许多抗EGFR moAb治疗的真实损害(即,无效)。如上所述,在对抗EGFR-moAb结合位点作图时通过突变将许多氨基酸位置确定为关键位点,但还已知作图测试不能对确定针对治疗的抗性得出结论。
因此,本发明人首次提供了包含或归集许多对治疗有真正影响的突变点的EGFR胞外域III的片段。对该片段(SEQ ID NO:12)中序列的分析或确定提供的优点是检测许多对包含抗EGFR moAb的治疗可能有抗性的患者。该SEQ ID NO:12(LSLKEISDGDVIINNLC)中导致对广泛使用的抗EGFR moAb西妥昔单抗产生抗性的氨基酸的实例以粗体和下划线标示。
所有这些突变位于最终编码SEQ ID NO:2的EGFR蛋白的人EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的外显子12中。另外,它们均与野生型氨基酸改变为大体积氨基酸(即,具有由支化或非支化的C1-C4烃构成的侧链,可选具有末端氨基)和/或极性或带电氨基酸相关。特别是,大多数突变涉及侧链包含末端氨基(-NH2)的极性和/或带电氨基酸的改变。更特别地,两个突变涉及侧链包含末端氨基(-NH2)的氨基酸的改变。另外,突变R451C和K467T意味着侧链包含末端氨基(-NH2)的氨基酸替换为极性氨基酸,其糖侧链包含具有氧族原子的基团,即–OH和–SH,并且它们具有与下示链相似的链尺寸:
因此,本发明人首次提供了人EGFR结构域III中改变侧链包含末端氨基(-NH2)的碱性氨基酸的突变与经证实的对癌症治疗中使用的一些moAb治疗的抗性相关。更特别地,在这些碱性氨基酸变为选自半胱氨酸和苏氨酸的某些极性氨基酸时可观察到这种相关。
另外,上述SEQ ID NO:12中的氨基酸(所述氨基酸为极性或中性)替换为带电或中性的大体积氨基酸也与经证实的对癌症治疗中使用的一些moAb治疗的抗性相关。这例如是突变S464L和突变G465R的情况。
在包含SEQ ID NO:1限定的肽序列的突变蛋白中检测到具体突变R451C和K467T。
另外,在包含SEQ ID NO:13限定的肽序列的突变蛋白中检测到上述突变和突变S464L和G465R。
这些标志物于是可用于追踪抗EGFR疗法的获得性抗性机理的演化。获得性抗性的检测可以是在随访疾病演变的同时提出另一种治疗方式或医疗方案的有用工具。
因此,在第一方面,本发明涉及长度为17至100个氨基酸并且包含序列SEQ ID NO:13的肽序列,
SEQ ID NO:13:X1SLKEISDGDVIIX4X5NX2,其中
X1选自R和C;
X4选自S和L;
X5选自G和R;
X2选自K和T;并且其中,X1、X4、X5和X2中的至少一个分别为C、L、R或T。
SEQ ID NO:13可包含任何上述突变,但至少包含R451C、S464L、G465R或K467T中的一种。
在具体实施方式中,本发明涉及长度为17至100个氨基酸并且包含序列SEQ IDNO:1的肽序列,
SEQ ID NO:1:X1SLKEISDGDVIISGNX2,其中:
X1选自R和C;
X2选自K和T;和
其中如果X1是C,则X2独立选自K和T,并且如果X1是R,则X2是T。
SEQ ID NO:1可包含任何上述突变,但至少包含R451C或K467T中的一种。换言之,X1和X2具有所指示的含义,但条件是X1或X2中的至少一个分别是突变形式C或T;或X1和X2均为突变形式C和T。
该SEQ ID NO:1源自SEQ ID NO:2的人EGFR蛋白。因此,其是人蛋白序列的片段,所述片段包含至少一个所示突变。因此,长达100的氨基酸中的其余部分是位于SEQ ID NO:2的蛋白序列中的氨基酸,可位于所述SEQ ID NO:1两侧、或是与SEQ ID NO:1的C末端连接的序列,并且由氨基酸X2限定。
有利的是,这些突变(R451C、S464L、G465R或K467T)表示在对抗EGFR moAb疗法疑似具有获得性抗性或原发性抗性的受试者的样品中可检测的替代要素。因此,除了可存在于或不存在于该受试者样品中的其他突变之外,提出的SEQ ID NO:1(R451C或K467T)或甚至SEQ ID NO:13(R451C,S464L,G465R或K467T)中的突变用于检测通过其他方式不可检测的可能的具有抗性的受试者。特别是,突变R451C和K467T暗含的额外优点在于表明一些抗EGFR moAb疗法仍然可用(或有效)。特别是,突变R451C和K467T可用帕尼单抗。这表明:如果检测到这两个突变中的至少一种,则可推荐至少帕尼单抗治疗。
在第二方面,本发明涉及包含SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13编码序列的寡核苷酸。
包含SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13的分离的肽是引导癌症治疗领域中很感兴趣的EGFR蛋白突变形式的检测的关键产物。蛋白的这些突变形式也可以以包含SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13编码序列的寡核苷酸形式检测。
编码SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13的寡核苷酸是包含核苷酸改变的那些寡核苷酸,所述核苷酸改变导致在这些突变位置考虑密码子简并性(遗传编码的冗余)的上述氨基酸改变中的至少一种。这些寡核苷酸于是可用作检测导致氨基酸改变的特定突变的杂交探针。
另外,所有这些寡核苷酸均是检测是否存在导致包含SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13的肽序列中氨基酸改变的核苷酸突变的适合探针。
特别是,本发明基于对于以下氨基酸替换的出人意料的鉴定:EGFR蛋白的451位精氨酸替换半胱氨酸;EGFR蛋白的464位丝氨酸替换为亮氨酸;465位甘氨酸替换为精氨酸;并且EGFR蛋白的467位赖氨酸替换为苏氨酸。
氨基酸变化K467T是EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的1400位核苷酸的A→C核苷酸变化(此处也称为A1400C)(密码子AAA变为ACA)的结果。氨基酸变化R451C是EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的1351位核苷酸的C→T核苷酸变化(此处也称为C1351T)(密码子CGC变为TGC)的结果。氨基酸变化S464L是EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的1391位核苷酸的C→T核苷酸变化(此处也称为C1391T)(密码子TCA变为TTA)的结果。氨基酸变化G465R是EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的1393位核苷酸的G→A核苷酸变化(此处也称为G1393A)(密码子GGA变为AGA)的结果。
所有这些氨基酸变化可以是其编码密码子中其他突变的结果。特别是,所有那些导致SEQ ID NO:2(人EGFR蛋白)的451位为半胱氨酸、SEQ ID NO:2的464位为亮氨酸、SEQID NO:2的465位为精氨酸以及SEQ ID NO:2的467位为苏氨酸的核苷酸变化。
如上所述,各上述氨基酸改变是指EGFR基因的mRNA转录本变体1序列(也称为ERBB1、PIG61、原癌基因c-ErbB-1、禽成红细胞白血病病毒(v-erb-b)癌基因同源受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶erbB-1或HER1)。EGFR基因的mRNA转录本变体1的序列对应于SEQ ID NO:3(或GenBank登录号NM_005228.3,2014年5月18日发布可用的序列版本3和数据库)以及其任何变体,其中所述变体编码EGFR蛋白。EGFR蛋白对应于SEQ ID NO:2(GenBank登录号NP_005219.2,2014年5月18日发布的序列版本2和数据库)或其任何保持EGFR蛋白基本结构的变体。SEQ ID NO:2和3来自人(Homo sapiens)。而EGFR在大多数哺乳动物中高度保守,并因此在野生型序列中突变点包含在大多数哺乳动物中相同的氨基酸。因此,本发明涵盖了在任何哺乳动物的EGFR蛋白或基因序列中确定的相同的突变。
本发明的另一方面是由SEQ ID No:6(CAAAGTTTTCAGGGATACATTGTTTTT)和7(TTAAATGGGAATAGCCCTTCAATATT)组成的引物组。
该引物组允许扩增包含EGFR编码区的一部分的基因组区,导致本发明突变的核苷酸改变位于所述EGFR编码区的一部分中。它们因此也与本发明人所鉴定的新氨基酸突变相关,并且它们允许扩增编码此处称为SEQ ID NO:12(LRSLKEISDGDVIISGNKNLC)的片段的EGFR编码区,已经惊讶地发现该片段是包含导致对(获得性或原发性)抗EGFR moAb治疗的抗性的许多突变的关键区域。特别是,由SEQ ID NO:6和7构成的引物组允许扩增产生mRNA转录本变体1的外显子12的EGFR编码区。该组可确定在最终得到的EGFR蛋白中是否存在突变R451C、S464L、G465R和K467T。更特别地,在最终得到的EGFR蛋白中是否存在突变R451C和K467T。
本发明的另一方面是包含以下的试剂盒:由SEQ ID NO:6和7构成的引物组和/或本发明第二方面限定的寡核苷酸。
该试剂盒是以简便快捷方式检测SEQ ID NO:13的突变(R451C、S464L、G465R和K467T)、更特别是SEQ ID NO:1的突变R451C和K467T、或包含其的任何氨基酸序列的存在的有用工具,因为其包括可包含与西妥昔单抗治疗的抗性相关的公开突变的EGFR基因的扩增区的引物。
因此,本发明的再一方面是上述试剂盒,其用于预测受试者对包含抗EGFR单克隆抗体的治疗方案的响应。或者上述试剂盒在预测受试者对包含抗EGFR单克隆抗体的治疗方案的响应中的应用。
此外,本发明还涉及预测对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的受试者治疗方案的响应的体外方法,其中所述方法包括:
(i)在获自所述受试者的样品中通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定在SEQ ID NO:12限定的片段中是否存在突变,SEQ ID NO:12限定的片段是SEQ ID NO:2的人EGFR的共有野生型氨基酸序列的450位氨基酸至470位氨基酸片段;和ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何突变的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中不存在突变与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
因此,SEQ ID NO:12对应于人EGFR的野生型氨基酸片段(序列),并且在该SEQ IDNO:12中确定了与该共有野生型氨基酸序列相关的突变,发现其为关于预测抗EGFR moAb治疗的EGFR有意义片段。该SEQ ID NO:12还作为分离肽形成本发明的一部分(LRSLKEISDGDVIISGNKNLC)。
本发明还涉及预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法,其中所述方法包括:
i)通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法在获自受试者的样品中确定是否存在至少一种以下氨基酸:
对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸、对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的464位的亮氨酸、对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的465位的精氨酸;和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸;和ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何氨基酸的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中不存在所有这些氨基酸与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
此外,在具体实施方式中,本发明还涉及预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法,其中所述方法包括:
i)通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法在获自受试者的样品中确定是否存在至少一种以下氨基酸:
对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸,和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸;和ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何氨基酸的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中不存在所有这些氨基酸与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
该体外方法包括:在最终编码SEQ ID NO:2的EGFR蛋白的人EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的外显子12中,是否存在导致野生型基因中侧链包含末端氨基(-NH2)的氨基酸改变为极性氨基酸的核苷酸变化,该极性氨基酸的糖侧链包含具有来自氧族的原子的基团。
预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法投入实践意味着以下优点:对受试者采用更适合的疗法,并避免导致浪费时间的错误或治疗上不够有用的方法,这是对受试者和治疗成功至关重要的方面,特别是当受试者患癌症时尤其如此。
另外,对任何这些突变的检测使得可以确定受试者是否发展出了对西妥昔单抗治疗的继发抗性,所述受试者最初未携带EGFR基因的突变。
因此,本发明的另一方面是确定对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的获得性抗性的体外方法,所述方法包括:
i)在获自受试者的样品中通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定是否存在至少一种以下氨基酸:
对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸、对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的464位的亮氨酸、对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的465位的精氨酸和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸;和
ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何氨基酸的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的获得性抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中不存在所有这些氨基酸与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
该确定西妥昔单抗治疗后受试者的获得性抗性的体外方法有利地使得可停止治疗并避免继发或合并的西妥昔单抗副作用。此外,可尽快采取其他措施。
如上,该确定获得性抗性的体外方法包括检测在最终编码SEQ ID NO:2的EGFR蛋白的人EGFR基因的mRNA变体1的外显子12中是否存在导致野生型基因中侧链包含末端氨基(-NH2)的氨基酸变为极性氨基酸的核苷酸变化,所述极性氨基酸的糖侧链包含具有氧族原子的基团。该体外方法还包括至少在最终编码SEQ ID NO:12的EGFR蛋白片段的人EGFR基因的mRNA变体1外显子12中检测是否存在导致野生型氨基酸变为大体积氨基酸(即,那些具有由支化或非支化的C1-C4烃构成的侧链,可选具有末端氨基的氨基酸)和/或极性或带电氨基酸的核苷酸变化。野生型氨基酸是指如人EGFR蛋白的保守氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:2)所示的氨基酸。
本发明的另一方面是在获自受试者的样品中鉴定是否存在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位半胱氨酸;和/或是否存在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的464位的亮氨酸;和/或是否存在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的465位的精氨酸;和/或是否存在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸的体外方法,该方法包括确定SEQ IDNO:2的至少450位至470位的序列。
这一方面还可以被构造为在获自受试者的样品中鉴定是否存在以下氨基酸的体外方法:对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸;和/或是否存在对应于SEQID NO:2的氨基酸序列的464位的亮氨酸;和/或是否存在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的465位的精氨酸;和/或是否存在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸,所述方法包括通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定451位和/或464位和/或465位和/或467位的氨基酸。
附图说明
图1是通过常规桑格尔测序(图A)和在454GS Junior平台(Roche AppliedScience,Mannheim,德国)的下一代测序法(NGS)(图B)获得的测序结果的两幅展示图。其显示在两份样品中以西妥昔单抗治疗后EGFR膜外结构域获得突变。(A)在#31患者中,治疗后肿瘤样品已经获得了在治疗前活检样品中不存在的EGFR基因1400位核苷酸A->C替换,引起467位氨基酸处赖氨酸替换为苏氨酸(K467T)。(B)在#35患者中,在治疗后样品中检测到EGFR基因1351位核苷酸的C->T替换,导致451位氨基酸处精氨酸替换为半胱氨酸(R451C)。
图2是对胰酶消化的NIH3T3过表达野生型EGFR(wt EGFR)和K467T EGFR突变体与一抗西妥昔单抗(图2A)或帕尼单抗(图2B)温育并利用偶联藻红蛋白的抗人IgG二抗进行的流式细胞术结合分析。C表示计数;FL2H表示在用于检测藻红蛋白(PE)荧光的带通585±21的第二通道荧光检测中的最大信号强度;E表示空结果。
图3也是对胰酶消化的NIH3T3过表达野生型EGFR(wt EGFR)和S464L EGFR突变体与一抗西妥昔单抗(图3A)或帕尼单抗(图3B)温育并利用偶联藻红蛋白的抗人IgG二抗进行的流式细胞术结合分析。C表示计数;FL2H表示在用于检测藻红蛋白(PE)荧光的带通585±21的第二通道荧光检测中的最大信号强度;E表示空结果。
图4是对胰酶消化的NIH3T3过表达野生型EGFR(wt EGFR)和G465R EGFR突变体与一抗西妥昔单抗(图4A)或帕尼单抗(图4B)温育并利用偶联藻红蛋白的抗人IgG二抗进行的流式细胞术结合分析。C表示计数;FL2H表示在用于检测藻红蛋白(PE)荧光的带通585±21的第二通道荧光检测中的最大信号强度;E表示空结果。
图5是对胰酶消化的NIH3T3过表达野生型EGFR(wt EGFR)和R451C EGFR突变体与一抗西妥昔单抗(图5A)或帕尼单抗(图5B)温育并利用偶联藻红蛋白的抗人IgG二抗进行的流式细胞术结合分析。C表示计数;FL2H表示在用于检测藻红蛋白(PE)荧光的带通585±21的第二通道荧光检测中的最大信号强度;E表示空结果。
具体实施方式
通常,以下词语或短语在描述、实例和权利要求中使用时具有所指明的定义。
在现有技术中并且也在本文中使用的术语“治疗方案”指旨在预防、减慢、阻止或逆转癌前病变、癌症或癌症转移的任何疗法。它包括化疗、放疗、免疫疗法,单克隆抗体疗法或其他方法。
“响应”应理解为临床或非临床的任何种类的改善,选自但不限于肿瘤尺寸或疾病证据或疾病进展的可测量的减少、稳定的疾病、无进展生存的增加或延长或毒性降低。
“无进展生存”表示癌症不生长的治疗过程中和治疗后的时间长度。无进展生存包括患者经历完全响应或部分响应的时间量,以及患者经历稳定疾病的时间量。
对治疗“完全响应”定义患者患有有价值但不可测量的疾病,其肿瘤和所有疾病证据消失。
对治疗“部分响应”定义患者具有任何小于完全响应的响应。
“抗EGFR单克隆抗体(抗EGFR moAb)”涉及能够识别EGFR序列蛋白中表位的单克隆抗体和其片段。识别EGFR不同表位的已批准moAb为西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗,但其他moAb在面临本发明公开的癌症时可用于治疗方案。合适的抗体片段包括F(ab)、F(ab’)、Fv和纳米抗体等。
表述“基因型方法”包括适合于确定基因型的所有那些方法和过程,或者与用于鉴定给定位置的核苷酸的方法相同。所述方法的实例包括桑格尔测序、焦磷酸测序、等位基因特异性PCR、变性高压液相色谱(DHPLC)、等位基因特异性引物延伸(ASPE)、DNA生物芯片/微阵列和动态等位基因特异性杂交(DASH)。
对于“蛋白质测序方法”应理解为允许确定蛋白的氨基酸序列以及蛋白采用哪种构象以及其与任何非肽分子复合的程度的任何技术。氨基酸组成的测定可以通过氨基酸的水解或分离来进行。已知的技术包括桑格尔测序、Edman降解和质谱。
如果没有相反指示,则所有与EGFR基因、mRNA变体和EGFR蛋白相关序列都涉及人类的序列,其数据库登录号随本文列出。并且如果没有相反表示,寡核苷酸序列以5'-3'方向显示,并且根据肽序列的书写惯例,肽序列显示为从肽的N-末端氨基酸开始(也称为氨基末端、NH2-末端、N末端或胺末端)。
所有氨基酸序列以及寡核苷酸序列可以根据合适的肽或寡核苷酸化学合成法合成。肽合成的实例包括固相合成和液相合成,这两种方法均将一个氨基酸的羧基或C-末端与另一个氨基酸的氨基或N-末端偶联。在使用保护基团例如9-芴基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)和叔丁氧羰基(t-Boc)的固相合成中避免了非预期的反应。作为另选,肽可以通过DNA重组技术获得。使用亚磷酰胺法,利用衍生自受保护的2'-脱氧核苷(dA、dC、dG和T)、核糖核苷(A、C、G和U)或化学修饰的核苷的亚磷酰胺构造单元进行固相合成,可获得寡核苷酸。寡核苷酸也可以通过用适当的限制酶消化DNA衍生。
如上所述,现有技术教导显示在EGFR的结构域III处的突变可以帮助对moAb(西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗)相互作用的关键点进行作图。尽管如此,这些数据可用于检测特定表位,但它们就对治疗的抗性而言不具有结论性,这是因为只有特定的氨基酸交换涵盖了这种信息(抗性的信息,无论原发还是继发抗性)。特别地,为了改变治疗方法并避免浪费时间和努力,对治疗的获得性抗性具有非常重要的意义。
本发明基于EGFR基因编码区中的新突变。本发明的新突变可用于预测mCRC患者对基于moAb的疗法的响应。特别是,它们可用于预测原发抗性和继发抗性的出现。
如上所述,所公开的核苷酸变化各导致在SEQ ID NO:2(人EGFR蛋白)的451位处替换为半胱氨酸,SEQ ID NO:2的464位处替换为亮氨酸,SEQ ID NO:2的465位处替换为精氨酸,SEQ ID NO:2的467位处替换为苏氨酸。所有这些特定突变位于该SEQ ID NO:2的450位氨基酸至470位氨基酸的片段中,所述片段在下文中命名为SEQ ID NO:12。
长度为17至100个氨基酸并且包含序列SEQ ID NO:1的本发明肽包括突变R451C或K467T中的任一者。
在具体实施方式中,该肽选自由以下序列组成的组:包含SEQ ID NO:1的序列,其中X1是R并且X2是T;包含SEQ ID NO:1的序列,其中X1是C并且X2是T;和包含SEQ ID NO:1的序列,其中X1是C并且X2是K。
在更具体的实施方式中,所述肽由SEQ ID NO:1组成,更具体的是所述SEQ ID NO:1选自由以下序列组成的组:SEQ ID NO:1,其中X1是R并且X2是T;SEQ ID NO:1,其中X1是C并且X2是T;和SEQ ID NO:1,其中X1是C并且X2是K。这些序列由SEQ ID NO:8(RSLKEISDGDVIISGNT)、SEQ ID NO:9(CSLKEISDGDVIISGNT)和SEQ ID NO:10(CSLKEISDGDVIISGNK)表示。
在具体实施方式中,长度为17至100个氨基酸并且包含序列SEQ ID NO:1的肽还包含SEQ ID NO:4:
NLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGGKTKIIX3,其中
X3选自S和R。
包含SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:4的肽在具体实施方式中对应于以SEQ ID NO:1开始的连续氨基酸序列。该序列具有42个氨基酸,并对应于由EGFR基因的外显子12部分编码的EGFR蛋白的片段。其由SEQ ID NO:5(X1SLKEISDGDVIISGNX2NLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGGKTKIIX3)表示或由SEQ ID NO:5构成。
在另一个具体的实施方式中,长度为17至100个氨基酸并含有序列SEQ ID NO:13的肽还包含SEQ ID NO:4。包含SEQ ID NO:13和SEQ ID NO:4的肽在具体实施方式中对应于以SEQ ID NO:13开始的连续氨基酸序列。其具有42个氨基酸,并且对应于EGFR基因的外显子12部分编码的EGFR蛋白的片段。其由SEQ ID NO:14(X1SLKEISDGDVIIX4X5NX2NLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGGKTKIIX3)表示或由SEQ ID NO:14构成。
实际上,该SEQ ID NO:5包括R451C和K467T中的任何或全部突变,并且其还涵盖了包含突变S492R的可选方案。因此,X1、X2和X3具有与上述相同的含义;并且如果X1是C,则X2独立选自K和T,而如果X1是R,则X2是T。
突变S492R首先由发明人在Montagut等(上文)中公开,作为确定对包括转移性结肠直肠癌在内的癌症中moAb抗性的关键突变。
此外,SEQ ID NO:14包括R451C、S464L、G465R和K467T中的任何或全部突变,并且其还涵盖了包含突变S492R的可选方案。因此,X1、X2、X3、X4和X5具有与上述相同的含义,但X1、X2、X4或X5中的至少一个分别是C、L、R或T。
在另一个具体的实施方式中,包含SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13的肽序列具有17至50个氨基酸的长度。在另一个具体实施方式中,其具有17至25(即17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24或25)个氨基酸的长度。在另一个具体的实施方式中,肽序列具有17个氨基酸的长度。在另一个具体实施方式中,其具有21个氨基酸的长度,其为SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13中任一个,其在N末端侧接亮氨酸(L),且在C末端侧接三肽N-天冬酰胺-亮氨酸-半胱氨酸-C(缩写为NLC)。
另外,和将要在以下实施例中描述的那样,本发明人还检测到在包括转移性结肠直肠癌的癌症中导致对moAb抗性的新突变,即SEQ ID NO:2(人EGFR蛋白)的491位异亮氨酸变为甲硫氨酸。该突变称为I491M。氨基酸变化I491M是EGFR基因的mRNA变体1在1473位核苷酸处的核苷酸变异A→G(此处也称为A1473G)(密码子ATA变为ATG)。
本发明中鉴定的新突变是替代性方案,但也可以组合使用以确保正确的疗法选择。
本发明包括编码SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13的寡核苷酸。在编码SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:13的寡核苷酸的具体实施方式中,任选地与任何上述或下述实施方式组合,所述寡核苷酸还编码SEQ ID NO:4,因此在另一个具体实施方式中,寡核苷酸编码SEQ ID NO:5或SEQ ID NO:14。特定的寡核苷酸是包含在编码序列SEQ ID NO:8至10中任一序列的核苷酸序列中的那些。如上所述,这些寡核苷酸可用作检测突变的杂交探针。
本发明的试剂盒除了上述公开的引物组之外,还包含用于检测编码突变R451C和K467T中的任一突变的EGFR基因的野生型或突变形式的寡核苷酸探针。用于检测EGFR基因的突变形式的这些探针的实例包含在选自编码SEQ ID NO:1、5、8、9和10中任一个的寡核苷酸中。
包含在选自编码SEQ ID NO:1、5、8、9和10中任一个的寡核苷酸中的探针是在相应突变点中包含数种密码子简并性选项的核苷酸序列。
用于检测突变R451C的特定探针是与EGFR的突变区互补的那些探针,其中导致本发明突变R451C的核苷酸变化位于基因的编码区或互补区。因此,它们与携带突变的核苷酸序列的片段杂交,并且允许检测上文公开的1351位处的核苷酸变化C→T。
用于检测突变K467T的特定探针是与EGFR的突变区互补的那些探针,其中导致本发明突变K467T的核苷酸变化位于基因的编码区或互补区。因此,它与携带突变的核苷酸序列的片段杂交,并且允许检测上文公开的1400位处的核苷酸变化A→C。
试剂盒中的其它特定寡核苷酸探针用于检测编码突变S464L和G465R中任一突变的EGFR基因的野生型或突变形式。
用于检测突变S464L的特定探针是与EGFR的突变区互补的那些探针,其中导致本发明突变S464L的核苷酸变化位于基因的编码区或互补区。因此,它们与携带突变的核苷酸序列的片段杂交,并且允许检测上文公开的1391位处的核苷酸变化C→T。
用于检测突变G465R的其他特定探针是与EGFR的突变区互补的那些探针,其中导致本发明突变G465R的核苷酸变化位于基因的编码区或互补区。因此,它们与携带突变的核苷酸序列的片段杂交,并且允许检测上文公开的1393位处的核苷酸变化G→A。
对于“携带突变的核苷酸序列”,应理解为DNA基因组结构中的任何编码或互补DNA链,以及将被翻译的mRNA链。
本发明的试剂盒,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,还包含检测KRAS和/或PIK3CA和/或BRAF基因和/或EGFR基因中的额外突变的额外试剂。这些试剂包括用于检测所有这些基因中的特定突变的特异性引物,所述突变特别是与对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关的突变。试剂盒中包括的其他试剂涉及寡核苷酸探针,其可以与所有这些基因的野生型或突变形式杂交。
因此,在具体实施方式中,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,试剂盒包含用于检测KRAS中突变的工具和要素(试剂),所述突变选自由G12A;G12C;G12D;G12R;G12S;G12V;G13A;G13C;G13D;G13V组成的组,由Karapetis等("K-ras Mutations and Benefitfrom Cetuximab in Advanced Colorectal Cancer",The New England Journal ofMedicine-2008,第359卷,第1757-1765页)定义。所有这些突变位于以GenBank登录号24.07.2011的NP_004976.2(称为GTPase KRas同种型b前体)和24.07.2011的NP_203524.1(称为GTPase KRas同种型a前体)认证的K-ras蛋白序列的密码子12和13。在另一个优选的实施方式中,所述试剂盒包含用于检测PIK3CA基因的外显子9和20中的突变的试剂;和/或V600E突变的试剂,所述PIK3CA基因编码GenBank登录号17.07.2011的NP_006209.2的PIK3CA蛋白,所述V600E突变位于以GenBank登录号24.07.2011的NP_004324.2识别的BRAF的蛋白序列第600个密码子处。另一个优选的实施方式中,所述试剂盒包含检测SEQ ID NO:2的EGFR蛋白中突变S492R的要素(试剂)。在另一个优选的实施方式中,试剂盒包含检测SEQID NO:2的EGFR蛋白中的突变I491M的要素(试剂)。
本发明的试剂盒特别用于预测受试者对包含抗EGFR单克隆抗体、特别是西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应。更具体地,受试者患有癌症,并且癌症是转移性结肠直肠癌。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明涉及预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法,其中所述方法包括:
(i)在获自所述受试者的样品中通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定在SEQ ID NO:12限定的片段中是否存在突变,SEQ ID NO:12限定的片段是SEQ ID NO:2的人EGFR的共有野生型氨基酸序列的450位氨基酸至470位氨基酸片段;和ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何突变的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中不存在突变与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
在体外方法的具体实施方式中,在步骤(i)中,在SEQ ID NO:12内确定是否存在至少一种以下突变:对应于SEQ ID NO:2的451位的精氨酸变为半胱氨酸;对应于SEQ ID NO:2的464位的丝氨酸变为亮氨酸;对应于SEQ ID NO:2的465位的甘氨酸变为精氨酸;和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的467位的赖氨酸变为苏氨酸。
在另一具体实施方式中,预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法包括:
i)通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法在获自受试者的样品中确定是否存在至少一种以下氨基酸:
对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸,和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸;和ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何氨基酸的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中不存在所有这些氨基酸与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
该具体实施方式包括在获自受试者的样品中确定是否存在SEQ ID NO:1,并进而在步骤ii)中将存在突变R451C和/或K467T中任何突变与受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性向关联,或将步骤i)中不存在所有这些氨基酸与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
在该方法的更具体实施方式中,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,步骤i)包括确定是否SEQ ID NO:4也存在于受试者的样品中。因此,在确定是否存在突变的R451C和/或S464L和/或G465R和/或K467T中的任一者之后,所述方法还包括确定是否突变S492R存在于EGFR蛋白中。
突变S492R的检测涉及体外方法的具体实施方式,任选地与以下或以上任何实施方式组合,其中步骤i)还包括确定在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的492位处是否存在精氨酸,并且其中在步骤ii)中,将步骤i)中鉴定的额外存在的精氨酸与受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联。
在另一具体实施方式中,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法还包括在步骤(i)中确定对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的491位是否存在甲硫氨酸,并且其中在步骤ii)中,将步骤i)中鉴定的甲硫氨酸的额外存在与受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联。
在另一具体实施方式中,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,步骤i)以由SEQ ID NOs:6和7构成的引物组进行。
在用上述引物扩增之外,在特定实施方式中,步骤i)通过基因型方法进行。在另一个最具体的实施方式中,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,所述基因型方法选自桑格尔测序、焦磷酸测序、小滴数字化PCR(ddPCR)、等位基因特异性PCR、变性高压液相色谱、等位基因特异性引物延伸(ASPE)、DNA生物芯片/微阵列和动态等位基因特异性杂交(DASH)。在进而最具体的实施方式中,基因型方法是焦磷酸测序。
焦磷酸测序基因型方法的实例尤其包括称为454高通量输出焦磷酸测序的下一代测序(NGS)方法、通过合成测序(Illumina)和链终止测序(桑格尔测序)。
作为另选,步骤i)包括用于检测野生型或突变点的特异性探针作为扩增区域的基因分型方法。特定的探针是编码SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:5、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:9和SEQ ID NO:10的那些寡核苷酸。所有这些寡核苷酸互补于突变EGFR基因的核苷酸序列。
在包含肿瘤的样品中进行预测受试者对包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应的体外方法,其中,可检测本发明EGFR基因的核苷酸改变。在mCRC的情况下,样品可以按照从来源获得直接使用或在样品的预处理后使用。样品可以另外包含与所述肿瘤相邻的正常组织。因此,在mCRC的情况下,样品选自原发性结肠直肠癌活检物或其转移的活检物。换言之,样品可以是来自包括原发性肿瘤和转移的结肠直肠癌样品的活检物。在优选的实施方式中,转移灶在肝组织中。
根据无进展存活的任何合适的临床或亚临床增加或延长所测量,包括任何新鉴定的突变的患者可能对不包括西妥昔单抗的治疗方案显示响应。
在优选的实施方式中,治疗方案是单独的西妥昔单抗或与基于伊立替康、奥沙利铂和/或5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU或5FU)的化疗方案组合的西妥昔单抗。在优选的实施方式中,治疗方案是单独的帕尼单抗或与基于伊立替康、奥沙利铂和/或5-氟尿嘧啶的化疗方案组合的帕尼单抗。
本发明还提供了为患有癌症、优选mCRC的受试者确定和/或推荐治疗方案的方法,所述方法包括:i)通过选自由基因型方法、和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定在获自受试者的样品中是否存在至少一种以下氨基酸:
对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸、和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸;和ii)如果所有的突变均不存在,则推荐对该受试者施用有效量的西妥昔单抗或其组合物,或如果存在至少一个突变,则推荐对该受试者施用有效量的帕尼单抗或其组合物。
本发明还包括确定对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的获得性抗性的体外方法,所述方法在该方面的具体实施方式中包括:
i)通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定获自受试者的样品中是否存在至少一种以下氨基酸:
对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位的半胱氨酸、和对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位的苏氨酸;和
ii)将步骤i)中鉴定的任何氨基酸的存在与受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的获得性抗性相关联,或将步骤i)中所有这些氨基酸均不存在与受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
如上所述,本发明还提供了通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法在获得受试者的样品中鉴定在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位是否存在半胱氨酸;和/或在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位是否存在苏氨酸的体外方法。在优选的实施方式中,鉴定SEQ ID NO:2中是否存在这些突变中的一个或两个的体外方法还包括通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法鉴定SEQ ID NO:2的492位处是否存在精氨酸。
在具体实施方式中,任选地与上文或下文的任何实施方式组合,鉴定对应于SEQID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位是否存在半胱氨酸;和/或对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的464位是否存在亮氨酸;和/或对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的465位是否存在精氨酸;和/或对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位是否存在苏氨酸的方法如下进行:通过利用选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定至多到467位的SEQ IDNO:2的序列。在优选的实施方式中,该方法通过确定SEQ ID NO:2的450至470位(SEQ IDNO:12)、更优选451至467位的序列来进行。对于“确定至多到XX位的序列”,应理解为测序是从所述序列的1位的寡核苷酸或氨基酸进行到所关注的位置(核苷酸或氨基酸)(在该特定情况下,至多到467位氨基酸或产生该氨基酸的核苷酸)。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,词语“包括”和该词的变型并不意在排除其他技术特征、添加剂、组分或步骤。此外,词语“包括”涵盖“由...组成”的情况。本发明的其它目的、优点和特征对于本领域技术人员来说,在阅读说明书后将变得显而易见,或者可以通过本发明的实践来了解。以下实施例以说明的方式提供,并且它们不旨在限制本发明。此外,本发明涵盖本文所述的特定和优选实施方式的所有可能组合。
实施例
实施例1.肿瘤样品和患者
在常规临床实践中,进行了概念验证方法来研究和表征在基于西妥昔单抗的疗法之后出现的异源突变的存在。2010年1月和2013年6月之间在Parc de Salut Mar Biobank(MARBiobanc,巴塞罗那,西班牙)医院del Mar机构接受抗EGFR moAb治疗的所有知情同意的mCRC患者包括在这项研究中。在34名患者中,标本被前瞻性地收集用于本研究,并且在3名患者中分析了在过去在其常规临床管理的背景下进行的顺序活检。在分析中,仅包括具有良好质量配对的治疗前和治疗后活检并且在以下a)或b)之后定义为进展疾病对基于抗EGFR的治疗具有获得性抗性的患者:a)完全响应或部分响应或b)稳定疾病超过16周(7-9)。根据实体肿瘤中响应评价标准(RECIST)(Eisenhauer等,“New response evaluationcriteria in solid tumors:revised RECIST guideline(version 1.1)”,Eur J Cancer2009,第45(2)卷:228-247)评价响应。在常规诊断程序期间获得的肿瘤活检物被用作治疗前(初始)样品。在大多数情况下,该样品在常规结肠镜检查期间从原发性肿瘤获得。来自转移部位的第二次初始活检物不是常规的,并且除非病理诊断需要,否则不进行。该研究包括在同意该额外程序的患者中治疗失败后的再活检。根据伦理考虑,在进展时的活组织检查从最易接触的病变获得,患者具有较小的相关并发症的潜在风险。在开始基于西妥昔单抗的疗法之前和在进展时收集血清样品。当在治疗后活检样品中检测到突变时,分析来自同一患者的血清样品的该特定突变。在本研究中,包括先前通过直接测序评估EGFR S492R、KRAS外显子2、BRAF V600E和PIK3CA突变的9个病例(患者#21至#28和患者#36),并在当前工作中使用深度测序技术分析上文报道的突变(R451C和K467T)。生物样品获自Parc deSalut Mar Biobank(MARBiobanc)。本研究获得当地伦理委员会的批准(CEIC-2012/4741/I)。所有参与患者均签署书面知情同意书。
对于KRAS、BRAF、NRAS、PIK3CA和EGFR测序,如先前由Diaz等(“The molecularevolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectalcancers”,Nature-2012,第486卷,第537-40页)所述从肿瘤样品中提取DNA。KRAS(外显子2、3和4)、BRAF(外显子15)、NRAS(外显子2和3)、IK3CA(外显子9和20)和EGFR(外显子12、13)的突变分析通过桑格尔测序使用BigDye v3.1(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA)根据制造商的说明书进行,并在3500Dx Genetic分析仪(Applied Biosystems)上进行分析。还使用下一代测序(NGS)454 GS Junior平台(Roche Applied Science,Mannheim,德国)通过焦磷酸测序筛选所有病例。此外,使用GS扩增子变体分析仪软件2.5p1版本(Roche)分析经处理的和质量过滤的读数。当特异性检测可进行时,通过竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(CAST-PCR,Applied Biosystems)确认由NGS检测的突变。
EGFR序列的引物是上文公开并且由SEQ ID NO:6和7组成的引物组限定的引物。SEQ ID NO:6和SEQ ID NO:7对用于完全扩增可能含有突变R451C和K467T的外显子12以及一些内含子侧翼区。该序列由SEQ ID NO:11表示:
caaagttttcagggatacattgtttttatattttcaccacatgatttttcttctctccaatgtagTGGTCAGTTTTCTCTTGCAGTCGTCAGCCTGAACATAACATCCTTGGGATTACGCTCCCTCAAGGAGATAAGTGATGGAGATGTGATAATTTCAGGAAACAAAAATTTGTGCTATGCAAATACAATAAACTGGAAAAAACTGTTTGGGACCTCCGGTCAGAAAACCAAAATTATAAGCAACAGAGGTGAAAACAGCTGCAgtaagtcaccgctttctgtttagtttatggagttggttctaatgggtcctttatttgtatttagaatattgaagggctattcccatttaa;
其中下划线核苷酸对应于与引物组相似(对于SEQ ID NO:6)或互补(对于SEQ IDNO:7)的序列,大写字母涉及外显子12,并且小写字母为内含子片段。
在以下条件下进行扩增:95℃10分钟;40个循环:95℃1分钟,60℃1分30秒和72℃1分钟;最后在72℃延伸10分钟。
此外,进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)。在突变分析之后剩余足够材料时进行FISH。如前所述(例如,文献如Salido等,"Increased ALK基因copy number和amplification arefrequent in non-small cell lung cancer",J Thorac Oncol-2011,Vol.No.6,pp.:21-7中),使用LSI EGFR/CEP7探针(Abbott Molecular Inc.,DesPlaines,IL)通过荧光原位评价EGFR扩增。以KRAS/CEP12探针(Abnova)使用双色FISH测定分析KRAS扩增。在分析的50个核的至少10%中对KRAS/CEP12比率大于3的样品进行评分。当12号染色体的平均数超过2.5或4个/细胞时,这种情况分别被认为是多染色体或高多染色体。
实施例2.R451C和K467T EGFR突变的存在和对西妥昔单抗的获得性抗性
图1是下一代测序(NGS)454GS Junior平台(Roche Applied Science,Mannheim,德国)的两幅不同展示图,如图1所示,显示一些患者在西妥昔单抗治疗后在EGFR胞外结构域中获得突变。图1(A)显示了患者#31,其中治疗后肿瘤样品已经获得了在治疗前活组织检查中不存在的EGFR基因的1400位核苷酸处的A→C取代,引起467位氨基酸由赖氨酸变为苏氨酸(K467T)。通过基因分型方法检测取代,并通过在该位置的双选(带或曲线)可视化(箭头)。较低的选取对应于C核苷酸。
另一方面,在图1(B)中显示了来自患者#35的测序过程(读数减去参照值)的展示,其中在治疗后样品中检测到EGFR基因的1351位核苷酸处的C→T替换,导致在451位氨基酸由精氨酸置换为半胱氨酸(R451C)。替换也用箭头标记,在这种情况下,变化由负值可视化。
实施例3.SEQ ID NO:12(SEQ ID NO:2的450位氨基酸至470位氨基酸片段)中的突变涉及对西妥昔单抗治疗的抗性
3A:CRC细胞模型中EGFR胞外域突变和对西妥昔单抗的获得性抗性
此前报道,在CRC细胞中获得抗性与KRAS、BRAF和NRAS活化突变的出现相关。为了发现对EGFR阻断的抗性的另外的机理,利用了5个CRC细胞系(DiFi、LIM1215、HCA-46、NCIH508、OXCO-2和CCK81),它们对西妥昔单抗高度敏感。所有这些细胞系除了NCIH508之外均具有野生型为KRAS、NRAS、BRAF和PIK3CA,NCIH508显示p.E545K PIK3CA突变。总之,这些细胞模型概括了来自可能响应于抗EGFR疗法的CRC患者的肿瘤的分子特征。对于每个品系,至少五百万个细胞连续暴露于西妥昔单抗,直到出现抗性群体。为了定义获得抗性的分子机理,最初对涉及EGFR信号通路调节的基因(EGFR、KRAS、BRAF、NRAS和PIK3CA)进行桑格尔测序。根据以前的报道,抗性群体经常显示KRAS、BRAF和NRAS突变(参见Misale等“Blockadeof egfr and mek intercepts heterogeneous mechanisms of acquired resistance toanti-egfr therapies in colorectal cancer”,Sci Transl Med-2014;6:224ra226)。所有这些等位基因均在抗性细胞中检测到,但在它们所源自的相应亲本群体中则检测不到。重要的是,在几种情况下,多个遗传改变同时存在于抗性细胞群体中,表明其多克隆状态。为了评估个体克隆的分子特征,因此进行LIM1215和CCK81的有限细胞稀释,因为这些细胞系适用于该程序。然后对单克隆进行候选基因(EGFR、KRAS、BRAF、NRAS和PIK3CA)的桑格尔测序。值得注意的是,克隆的突变谱分析鉴定了三种新的EGFR变体:S464L、G465R和I491M。突变S464L、G465R以及实施例2的突变(R541C和K467T)一起位于SEQ ID NO:12|(限定西妥昔单抗结合表位部分的片段)中。考虑到抗性衍生物是多克隆的,并且鉴于桑格尔测序方法的有限的灵敏度,推测在少于20%的细胞群体中存在的变体可能仍未被检测到。为了鉴定以低频率存在的突变,使用已知具有1:20000的突变体/野生型灵敏度的滴型数字PCR(ddPCR)。设计ddPCR探针并使用对照突变体DNA单独验证,以检测先前在肿瘤活检物或细胞系中鉴定的EGFR变体。该分析揭示了在抗性细胞群中存在桑格尔测序未检测到的3种新EGFR突变体(S464L、G465R和I491M)。ddPCR不能在组织样品中进行,因为没有剩余足够的材料。总体而言,对西妥昔单抗获得抗性的细胞系的突变概况概述了西妥昔单抗治疗后复发的肿瘤的分子特征。
利用KRAS、NRAS、BRAF和EGFR测试(PrimePCRTM ddPCRTM突变测试,Bio-Rad和用户定制)的探测用ddPCRTM Supermix(Bio-Rad)。ddPCR根据制造商的方案进行,并且结果以突变体DNA等位基因对总(突变体加野生型)DNA等位基因的百分比或部分丰度报道。将8μl至10μl的DNA模板加入到10μl探测用ddPCR TM Supermix(Bio-Rad)和2μl引物/探针混合物中。将该20μl样品加入到70μl探测用Droplet generation Oil(Bio-Rad)中并用于液滴产生。然后将液滴在下列条件下热循环:95℃5分钟,94℃30秒、55℃1分钟的40个循环,然后98℃10分钟(斜率2℃/秒)。然后将样品转移到QX200TM Droplet读数仪(Bio-Rad),用于FAM和HEX探针的荧光测量。基于阳性和阴性对照进行门控,鉴定出突变群体。使用QuantaSoft软件(Bio-Rad)为每个样品计算野生型DNA背景中突变体DNA的分数丰度。对每个样品进行多次重复(最少四次)。对来自细胞系的正常对照gDNA和没有DNA模板(水)对照的ddPCR分析与所有样品平行进行,包括作为无污染对照的多次重复。
EGFR探针和引物序列可根据要求提供。
本文使用的抗性细胞的细胞培养和产生先前已有描述(见Misale S等,Emergenceof KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectalcancer.Nature.2012;486:532-6;Misale S,Arena S等,Blockade of EGFR and MEKintercepts heterogeneous mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-EGFRtherapies in colorectal cancer.Sci Transl Med.2014;6:224ra26)。CCK81细胞在补充有5%FBS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、抗生素(100U/mL青霉素和100mg/mL链霉素)的MEM培养基(Invitrogen)中培养,并在37℃和5%CO2空气培养箱中生长。通过在6个月的过程中将西妥昔单抗剂量从680nM逐步增加到1.4μM,获得了CCK81西妥昔单抗抗性衍生物。
3B:S464L、G465R和K467T EGFR突变的存在和对西妥昔单抗的抗性
为了确定本发明的S464L、G465R和K467T EGFR突变是否对所观察到的对西妥昔单抗的抗性负责,在培养的缺乏可检测的内源性EGFR表达的NIH3T3小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系中异位表达了全长野生型EGFR以及S464L、G465R或K467T EGFR突变中的任一种。
在转染细胞中在西妥昔单抗或帕尼单抗存在下用其天然配体EGF刺激EGFR。使用与藻红蛋白(PE)缀合的针对人IgG的二抗通过流式细胞术分析抗体结合。表达空载体的NIH3T3细胞用作阴性对照(EMPTY)。与抗体结合的细胞的百分比显示在图2至4的二维点图中。在图2至4中,参考图2至4,对西妥昔单抗进行的测试(图2A、3A和4A)和帕尼单抗进行的测试(图2B、3B和4B)绘制了荧光检测的FL2H通道中的细胞计数(C表示“计数”,Y轴)。
在野生型EGFR细胞(图2至4A/B中的EGFRWT)中,西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗均抑制EGFR活化,而在携带K467T突变(图2A/B中的EGFR_K467T)、S464L(图3A/B中的EGFR_S464L)和G465R(图4A/B中的EGFR_G465R)的细胞中,帕尼单抗、但不是西妥昔单抗有效阻断了EGF诱导的EGFR活化。EMPTY是阴性对照(非EGFR表达细胞)。
对于DNA构建体,pLX301-EGFR WT构建体由pLX301构建,其获自C.Sun博士和B.Bernards教授(NKI,Amsterdam)。使用来自Agilent Technologies的II定点突变试剂盒,以pLX301-EGFR WT质粒作为模板DNA,构建含有4个点突变(R451C、S464L、G465R和K467T)的EGFR突变体。通过DNA测序证实突变的存在。
本申请引用的参考文献
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-Lynch TJ等,"Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factorreceptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer togefitinib",N Engl J Med-2004,Vol.350,pp:2129-2139.
-Misale等,“Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance toanti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer”,Nature–2012,Vol.No.486,pp.:532-536.
-Montagut等,“Identification of a mutation in the extracellular domainof the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor conferring cetuximab resistance incolorectal cancer”,Nature medicine-2012,Vol.No.18,pp.:221-223.
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-Misale等“Blockade of egfr and mek intercepts heterogeneousmechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-egfr therapies in colorectalcancer”,Sci Transl Med-2014;6:224ra226.
序列表
<110> 玛尔医学研究所基金会
A·巴尔代利
S·阿丽娜
<120> 表皮生长因子受体基因的胞外域III中的突变
<130> P2949PC00
<150> EP14382288
<151> 2014-07-28
<160> 14
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> X是选自精氨酸(R)和半胱氨酸(C)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X是选自赖氨酸(K)和苏氨酸(T)的氨基酸
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Tyr Ser Ser Asp Pro Thr Gly Ala Leu Thr Glu Asp Ser Ile Asp
1070 1075 1080
Asp Thr Phe Leu Pro Val Pro Glu Tyr Ile Asn Gln Ser Val Pro
1085 1090 1095
Lys Arg Pro Ala Gly Ser Val Gln Asn Pro Val Tyr His Asn Gln
1100 1105 1110
Pro Leu Asn Pro Ala Pro Ser Arg Asp Pro His Tyr Gln Asp Pro
1115 1120 1125
His Ser Thr Ala Val Gly Asn Pro Glu Tyr Leu Asn Thr Val Gln
1130 1135 1140
Pro Thr Cys Val Asn Ser Thr Phe Asp Ser Pro Ala His Trp Ala
1145 1150 1155
Gln Lys Gly Ser His Gln Ile Ser Leu Asp Asn Pro Asp Tyr Gln
1160 1165 1170
Gln Asp Phe Phe Pro Lys Glu Ala Lys Pro Asn Gly Ile Phe Lys
1175 1180 1185
Gly Ser Thr Ala Glu Asn Ala Glu Tyr Leu Arg Val Ala Pro Gln
1190 1195 1200
Ser Ser Glu Phe Ile Gly Ala
1205 1210
<210> 3
<211> 5616
<212> DNA
<213> 智人
<400> 3
ccccggcgca gcgcggccgc agcagcctcc gccccccgca cggtgtgagc gcccgacgcg 60
gccgaggcgg ccggagtccc gagctagccc cggcggccgc cgccgcccag accggacgac 120
aggccacctc gtcggcgtcc gcccgagtcc ccgcctcgcc gccaacgcca caaccaccgc 180
gcacggcccc ctgactccgt ccagtattga tcgggagagc cggagcgagc tcttcgggga 240
gcagcgatgc gaccctccgg gacggccggg gcagcgctcc tggcgctgct ggctgcgctc 300
tgcccggcga gtcgggctct ggaggaaaag aaagtttgcc aaggcacgag taacaagctc 360
acgcagttgg gcacttttga agatcatttt ctcagcctcc agaggatgtt caataactgt 420
gaggtggtcc ttgggaattt ggaaattacc tatgtgcaga ggaattatga tctttccttc 480
ttaaagacca tccaggaggt ggctggttat gtcctcattg ccctcaacac agtggagcga 540
attcctttgg aaaacctgca gatcatcaga ggaaatatgt actacgaaaa ttcctatgcc 600
ttagcagtct tatctaacta tgatgcaaat aaaaccggac tgaaggagct gcccatgaga 660
aatttacagg aaatcctgca tggcgccgtg cggttcagca acaaccctgc cctgtgcaac 720
gtggagagca tccagtggcg ggacatagtc agcagtgact ttctcagcaa catgtcgatg 780
gacttccaga accacctggg cagctgccaa aagtgtgatc caagctgtcc caatgggagc 840
tgctggggtg caggagagga gaactgccag aaactgacca aaatcatctg tgcccagcag 900
tgctccgggc gctgccgtgg caagtccccc agtgactgct gccacaacca gtgtgctgca 960
ggctgcacag gcccccggga gagcgactgc ctggtctgcc gcaaattccg agacgaagcc 1020
acgtgcaagg acacctgccc cccactcatg ctctacaacc ccaccacgta ccagatggat 1080
gtgaaccccg agggcaaata cagctttggt gccacctgcg tgaagaagtg tccccgtaat 1140
tatgtggtga cagatcacgg ctcgtgcgtc cgagcctgtg gggccgacag ctatgagatg 1200
gaggaagacg gcgtccgcaa gtgtaagaag tgcgaagggc cttgccgcaa agtgtgtaac 1260
ggaataggta ttggtgaatt taaagactca ctctccataa atgctacgaa tattaaacac 1320
ttcaaaaact gcacctccat cagtggcgat ctccacatcc tgccggtggc atttaggggt 1380
gactccttca cacatactcc tcctctggat ccacaggaac tggatattct gaaaaccgta 1440
aaggaaatca cagggttttt gctgattcag gcttggcctg aaaacaggac ggacctccat 1500
gcctttgaga acctagaaat catacgcggc aggaccaagc aacatggtca gttttctctt 1560
gcagtcgtca gcctgaacat aacatccttg ggattacgct ccctcaagga gataagtgat 1620
ggagatgtga taatttcagg aaacaaaaat ttgtgctatg caaatacaat aaactggaaa 1680
aaactgtttg ggacctccgg tcagaaaacc aaaattataa gcaacagagg tgaaaacagc 1740
tgcaaggcca caggccaggt ctgccatgcc ttgtgctccc ccgagggctg ctggggcccg 1800
gagcccaggg actgcgtctc ttgccggaat gtcagccgag gcagggaatg cgtggacaag 1860
tgcaaccttc tggagggtga gccaagggag tttgtggaga actctgagtg catacagtgc 1920
cacccagagt gcctgcctca ggccatgaac atcacctgca caggacgggg accagacaac 1980
tgtatccagt gtgcccacta cattgacggc ccccactgcg tcaagacctg cccggcagga 2040
gtcatgggag aaaacaacac cctggtctgg aagtacgcag acgccggcca tgtgtgccac 2100
ctgtgccatc caaactgcac ctacggatgc actgggccag gtcttgaagg ctgtccaacg 2160
aatgggccta agatcccgtc catcgccact gggatggtgg gggccctcct cttgctgctg 2220
gtggtggccc tggggatcgg cctcttcatg cgaaggcgcc acatcgttcg gaagcgcacg 2280
ctgcggaggc tgctgcagga gagggagctt gtggagcctc ttacacccag tggagaagct 2340
cccaaccaag ctctcttgag gatcttgaag gaaactgaat tcaaaaagat caaagtgctg 2400
ggctccggtg cgttcggcac ggtgtataag ggactctgga tcccagaagg tgagaaagtt 2460
aaaattcccg tcgctatcaa ggaattaaga gaagcaacat ctccgaaagc caacaaggaa 2520
atcctcgatg aagcctacgt gatggccagc gtggacaacc cccacgtgtg ccgcctgctg 2580
ggcatctgcc tcacctccac cgtgcagctc atcacgcagc tcatgccctt cggctgcctc 2640
ctggactatg tccgggaaca caaagacaat attggctccc agtacctgct caactggtgt 2700
gtgcagatcg caaagggcat gaactacttg gaggaccgtc gcttggtgca ccgcgacctg 2760
gcagccagga acgtactggt gaaaacaccg cagcatgtca agatcacaga ttttgggctg 2820
gccaaactgc tgggtgcgga agagaaagaa taccatgcag aaggaggcaa agtgcctatc 2880
aagtggatgg cattggaatc aattttacac agaatctata cccaccagag tgatgtctgg 2940
agctacgggg tgaccgtttg ggagttgatg acctttggat ccaagccata tgacggaatc 3000
cctgccagcg agatctcctc catcctggag aaaggagaac gcctccctca gccacccata 3060
tgtaccatcg atgtctacat gatcatggtc aagtgctgga tgatagacgc agatagtcgc 3120
ccaaagttcc gtgagttgat catcgaattc tccaaaatgg cccgagaccc ccagcgctac 3180
cttgtcattc agggggatga aagaatgcat ttgccaagtc ctacagactc caacttctac 3240
cgtgccctga tggatgaaga agacatggac gacgtggtgg atgccgacga gtacctcatc 3300
ccacagcagg gcttcttcag cagcccctcc acgtcacgga ctcccctcct gagctctctg 3360
agtgcaacca gcaacaattc caccgtggct tgcattgata gaaatgggct gcaaagctgt 3420
cccatcaagg aagacagctt cttgcagcga tacagctcag accccacagg cgccttgact 3480
gaggacagca tagacgacac cttcctccca gtgcctgaat acataaacca gtccgttccc 3540
aaaaggcccg ctggctctgt gcagaatcct gtctatcaca atcagcctct gaaccccgcg 3600
cccagcagag acccacacta ccaggacccc cacagcactg cagtgggcaa ccccgagtat 3660
ctcaacactg tccagcccac ctgtgtcaac agcacattcg acagccctgc ccactgggcc 3720
cagaaaggca gccaccaaat tagcctggac aaccctgact accagcagga cttctttccc 3780
aaggaagcca agccaaatgg catctttaag ggctccacag ctgaaaatgc agaataccta 3840
agggtcgcgc cacaaagcag tgaatttatt ggagcatgac cacggaggat agtatgagcc 3900
ctaaaaatcc agactctttc gatacccagg accaagccac agcaggtcct ccatcccaac 3960
agccatgccc gcattagctc ttagacccac agactggttt tgcaacgttt acaccgacta 4020
gccaggaagt acttccacct cgggcacatt ttgggaagtt gcattccttt gtcttcaaac 4080
tgtgaagcat ttacagaaac gcatccagca agaatattgt ccctttgagc agaaatttat 4140
ctttcaaaga ggtatatttg aaaaaaaaaa aaagtatatg tgaggatttt tattgattgg 4200
ggatcttgga gtttttcatt gtcgctattg atttttactt caatgggctc ttccaacaag 4260
gaagaagctt gctggtagca cttgctaccc tgagttcatc caggcccaac tgtgagcaag 4320
gagcacaagc cacaagtctt ccagaggatg cttgattcca gtggttctgc ttcaaggctt 4380
ccactgcaaa acactaaaga tccaagaagg ccttcatggc cccagcaggc cggatcggta 4440
ctgtatcaag tcatggcagg tacagtagga taagccactc tgtcccttcc tgggcaaaga 4500
agaaacggag gggatggaat tcttccttag acttactttt gtaaaaatgt ccccacggta 4560
cttactcccc actgatggac cagtggtttc cagtcatgag cgttagactg acttgtttgt 4620
cttccattcc attgttttga aactcagtat gctgcccctg tcttgctgtc atgaaatcag 4680
caagagagga tgacacatca aataataact cggattccag cccacattgg attcatcagc 4740
atttggacca atagcccaca gctgagaatg tggaatacct aaggatagca ccgcttttgt 4800
tctcgcaaaa acgtatctcc taatttgagg ctcagatgaa atgcatcagg tcctttgggg 4860
catagatcag aagactacaa aaatgaagct gctctgaaat ctcctttagc catcacccca 4920
accccccaaa attagtttgt gttacttatg gaagatagtt ttctcctttt acttcacttc 4980
aaaagctttt tactcaaaga gtatatgttc cctccaggtc agctgccccc aaaccccctc 5040
cttacgcttt gtcacacaaa aagtgtctct gccttgagtc atctattcaa gcacttacag 5100
ctctggccac aacagggcat tttacaggtg cgaatgacag tagcattatg agtagtgtgg 5160
aattcaggta gtaaatatga aactagggtt tgaaattgat aatgctttca caacatttgc 5220
agatgtttta gaaggaaaaa agttccttcc taaaataatt tctctacaat tggaagattg 5280
gaagattcag ctagttagga gcccaccttt tttcctaatc tgtgtgtgcc ctgtaacctg 5340
actggttaac agcagtcctt tgtaaacagt gttttaaact ctcctagtca atatccaccc 5400
catccaattt atcaaggaag aaatggttca gaaaatattt tcagcctaca gttatgttca 5460
gtcacacaca catacaaaat gttccttttg cttttaaagt aatttttgac tcccagatca 5520
gtcagagccc ctacagcatt gttaagaaag tatttgattt ttgtctcaat gaaaataaaa 5580
ctatattcat ttccactcta aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa 5616
<210> 4
<211> 25
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (25)..(25)
<223> X是选自丝氨酸(S)和精氨酸(R)的氨基酸
<400> 4
Asn Leu Cys Tyr Ala Asn Thr Ile Asn Trp Lys Lys Leu Phe Gly Thr
1 5 10 15
Ser Gly Gly Lys Thr Lys Ile Ile Xaa
20 25
<210> 5
<211> 42
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> X是选自精氨酸(R)和半胱氨酸(C)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X是选自赖氨酸(K)和苏氨酸(T)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (42)..(42)
<223> X是选自精氨酸(R)和赖氨酸(K)的氨基酸
<400> 5
Xaa Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Ser Gly Asn
1 5 10 15
Xaa Asn Leu Cys Tyr Ala Asn Thr Ile Asn Trp Lys Lys Leu Phe Gly
20 25 30
Thr Ser Gly Gly Lys Thr Lys Ile Ile Xaa
35 40
<210> 6
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 正向引物
<400> 6
caaagttttc agggatacat tgttttt 27
<210> 7
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 反向引物
<400> 7
ttaaatggga atagcccttc aatatt 26
<210> 8
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 8
Arg Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Ser Gly Asn
1 5 10 15
Thr
<210> 9
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 9
Cys Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Ser Gly Asn
1 5 10 15
Thr
<210> 10
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 10
Cys Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Ser Gly Asn
1 5 10 15
Lys
<210> 11
<211> 355
<212> DNA
<213> 智人
<400> 11
caaagttttc agggatacat tgtttttata ttttcaccac atgatttttc ttctctccaa 60
tgtagtggtc agttttctct tgcagtcgtc agcctgaaca taacatcctt gggattacgc 120
tccctcaagg agataagtga tggagatgtg ataatttcag gaaacaaaaa tttgtgctat 180
gcaaatacaa taaactggaa aaaactgttt gggacctccg gtcagaaaac caaaattata 240
agcaacagag gtgaaaacag ctgcagtaag tcaccgcttt ctgtttagtt tatggagttg 300
gttctaatgg gtcctttatt tgtatttaga atattgaagg gctattccca tttaa 355
<210> 12
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 12
Leu Arg Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Ser Gly
1 5 10 15
Asn Lys Asn Leu Cys
20
<210> 13
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> X是选自精氨酸(R)和半胱氨酸(C)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> X是选自丝氨酸(S)和亮氨酸(L)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> X是选自甘氨酸(G)和精氨酸(R)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X是选自赖氨酸(K)和苏氨酸(T)的氨基酸
<400> 13
Xaa Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Xaa Xaa Asn
1 5 10 15
Xaa
<210> 14
<211> 42
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> X是选自精氨酸(R)和半胱氨酸(C)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> X是选自丝氨酸(S)和亮氨酸(L)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> X是选自甘氨酸(G)和精氨酸(R)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X是选自赖氨酸(K)和苏氨酸(T)的氨基酸
<220>
<221> 变体
<222> (42)..(42)
<223> X是选自丝氨酸(S)和精氨酸(R)的氨基酸
<400> 14
Xaa Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Asp Gly Asp Val Ile Ile Xaa Xaa Asn
1 5 10 15
Xaa Asn Leu Cys Tyr Ala Asn Thr Ile Asn Trp Lys Lys Leu Phe Gly
20 25 30
Thr Ser Gly Gly Lys Thr Lys Ile Ile Xaa
35 40
Claims (18)
1.一种长度为17至100个氨基酸并且包含序列SEQ ID NO:13的肽序列,
SEQ ID NO:13:X1SLKEISDGDVIIX4X5NX2,其中
X1选自R和C;
X4选自S和L;
X5选自G和R;
X2选自K和T;并且其中,X1、X4、X5和X2中的至少一个分别为C、L、R或T。
2.如权利要求1所述的肽序列,其长度为17至100个氨基酸并且包含序列SEQ ID NO:1:
X1SLKEISDGDVIISGNX2,其中:
X1选自R和C;
X2选自K和T;并且
其中如果X1是C,则X2独立选自K和T,并且如果X1是R,则X2是T。
3.如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的肽,所示肽还包含SEQ ID NO:4
NLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGGKTKIIX3,其中
X3选自S和R。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的肽序列,所述肽序列包含序列SEQ ID NO:5:
X1SLKEISDGDVIISGNX2NLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGGKTKIIX3,其中
X1、X2和X3具有与权利要求1和2中相同的含义;并且
其中如果X1是C,则X2独立选自K和T,并且如果X1是R,则X2是T。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的肽序列,所述肽序列包含序列SEQ ID NO:14:
X1SLKEISDGDVIIX4X5NX2NLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGGKTKIIX3,其中
X1、X2和X3、X4和X5具有与权利要求1、2和3中相同的含义;并且
其中X1、X4、X5和X2中的至少一个分别为C、L、R或T。
6.一种寡核苷酸,其包含SEQ ID NO:1的或SEQ ID NO:13的编码序列。
7.如权利要求6所述的寡核苷酸,其还编码SEQ ID NO:4。
8.如权利要求6至7中任一项所述的寡核苷酸,其包含SEQ ID NO:5的或SEQ ID NO:14的编码序列。
9.由SEQ ID No:6(CAAAGTTTTCAGGGATACATTGTTTTT)和SEQ ID No:7(TTAAATGGGAATAGCCCTTCAATATT)构成的引物组。
10.一种试剂盒,其包含权利要求9所述的引物组和/或权利要求6至8中任一项所述的寡核苷酸。
11.如权利要求10所述的试剂盒,其还包含用于检测KRAS和/或PIK3CA和/或BRAF基因中的突变、和/或EGFR基因中的额外突变的试剂。
12.如权利要求10至11中任一项所述的试剂盒,其用于预测受试者对包含抗EGFR单克隆抗体的治疗方案的响应。
13.如权利要求12所述的试剂盒,其中,所述治疗方案包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗。
14.一种预测包含西妥昔单抗和/或帕尼单抗的受试者治疗方案的响应的体外方法,其中,所述方法包括
(i)在获自所述受试者的样品中通过选自由基因型方法和/或蛋白质测序方法组成的组的方法确定在SEQ ID NO:12限定的片段中是否存在突变,SEQ ID NO:12限定的片段是SEQ ID NO:2的人EGFR的共有野生型氨基酸序列的450位氨基酸至470位氨基酸片段;和(ii)将步骤(i)中鉴定的任何突变的存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联,或将步骤(i)中不存在突变与所述受试者对包含帕尼单抗的治疗方案的响应相关联。
15.如权利要求14所述的体外方法,其中,在步骤(i)中,确定在SEQ ID NO:12内是否存在至少一种以下突变:处于对应于SEQ ID NO:2的451位的精氨酸变为半胱氨酸;处于对应于SEQ ID NO:2的464位的丝氨酸变为亮氨酸;处于对应于SEQ ID NO:2的465位的甘氨酸变为精氨酸;和处于对应于SEQ ID NO:2的467位的赖氨酸变为苏氨酸。
16.如权利要求14至15中任一项所述的体外方法,其中,通过权利要求9所述的引物组或通过权利要求10至11任一项所述的试剂盒进行步骤(i)。
17.如权利要求14至16中任一项所述的体外方法,其中,步骤(i)还包括:确定在对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的492位是否存在精氨酸,并且,其中在步骤(ii)中将步骤(i)中鉴定的精氨酸的额外存在与所述受试者对包含西妥昔单抗的治疗方案的抗性相关联。
18.一种体外鉴定方法,所述方法在获自受试者的样品中鉴定对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的451位是否存在半胱氨酸;和/或对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的464位是否存在亮氨酸;和/或对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的465位是否存在精氨酸;和/或对应于SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的467位是否存在苏氨酸,所述方法包括确定SEQ ID NO:2的至少450位至470位的序列。
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CN111499749A (zh) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江大学 | 一种西妥昔单抗突变体及应用 |
CN115947823A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-04-11 | 江汉大学 | 一种用于筛选结合和/或激活egfr的有毒金属的表达蛋白及制备方法 |
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CN111499749A (zh) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江大学 | 一种西妥昔单抗突变体及应用 |
CN111499749B (zh) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-11-09 | 浙江大学 | 一种西妥昔单抗突变体及应用 |
CN115947823A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-04-11 | 江汉大学 | 一种用于筛选结合和/或激活egfr的有毒金属的表达蛋白及制备方法 |
CN115947823B (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-05-03 | 江汉大学 | 一种用于筛选结合和/或激活egfr的有毒金属的表达蛋白及制备方法 |
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WO2016015788A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
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EP3174896B1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
JP2017522890A (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
ES2693080T3 (es) | 2018-12-07 |
CA2954952A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
EP3428185A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
EP3174896A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
JP6905464B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
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