CN106573569A - 带有用于确定道路情况的设备的车辆探照灯和用于监控道路情况的系统 - Google Patents

带有用于确定道路情况的设备的车辆探照灯和用于监控道路情况的系统 Download PDF

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CN106573569A
CN106573569A CN201480078426.7A CN201480078426A CN106573569A CN 106573569 A CN106573569 A CN 106573569A CN 201480078426 A CN201480078426 A CN 201480078426A CN 106573569 A CN106573569 A CN 106573569A
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vehicle
equipment
light
road conditions
lamp lens
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A.施米茨-赫布施
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G Lufft Mess und Regeltechnik GmbH
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    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种车辆探照灯(3)，其包括：发光单元、反射器(5)和探照灯玻璃(9)；用于确定道路情况的设备(11)，其中，该装置在车辆探照灯(3)的内部中设置在探照灯玻璃(9)之后并且包括：红外线发射装置(13)，其构造用于将预定波长的光通过探照灯玻璃(9)发出到道路表面上；探测装置(17)，其构造用于探测由红外线发射装置(13)发出的且被道路表面反射的通过探照灯玻璃(9)的光；处理装置，其构造成根据由探测装置(17)探测的光确定道路表面的表面参数。

Description

带有用于确定道路情况的设备的车辆探照灯和用于监控道路 情况的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆探照灯，以及一种用于监控道路情况的系统，该系统具有带有该车辆探照灯的车辆。
背景技术
对于车辆在行驶期间能够确定道路条件/车道特性是已知的问题。如此可实时地告知驾驶员潜在风险的道路条件并且驾驶员可相应地匹配其驾驶方式。例如，在速度过高的情况下在车道上的水膜可导致滑水。同样，在冰点附近的温度下在车道上有冰和水混合物的情况下或者在冰冻的地面上下雨(冰雨)时可出现危险的情况。
常常使用便携式传感器，其仅能够当车辆不运动时那么进行车道特性的测量。在该情况中，车辆须保持不动一定的时间、例如几秒钟，以能够获得测量。但是利用该方式在行驶期间确定车道特性仍困难。此外存在在外部固定在车辆处的传感器。在此，可能出现该问题，即这些传感器在行驶期间可污染，例如由于从车道喷出的融雪和/或污物或泥浆。由此，与车道相联系可使车道特性的测量变困难或者甚至失败。在恶劣的天气条件和/或车道条件下，这可使对于车辆的驾驶员如此重要的信息失真或者甚至不可用，从而不能充分地告知驾驶员危险。甚至对于部分自动行驶车辆(对于其即不仅仅驾驶员控制车辆)，不能以必需的精度来做出对于车辆的控制必要的决定(其例如须由控制单元来做出)。
发明内容
鉴于在现有技术中的问题，本发明的目的是开发一种相对于现有技术稳定的且简单的备选方案，其避免上述问题。
该目的通过一种根据权利要求1所述的车辆探照灯来实现。
本发明提供一种车辆探照灯，其包括：发光单元、反射器和探照灯玻璃；以及一种用于确定道路情况的设备，其中，该设备在车辆探照灯的内部中设置在探照灯玻璃后面并且包括：红外线发射装置，其构造用于将预定波长的光通过探照灯玻璃发出到道路表面上；探测装置，其构造成探测由红外线发射装置发出的且被道路表面反射的通过探照灯玻璃的光；处理装置，其构造成基于由探测装置探测的光确定道路表面的表面参数。处理装置可设置成计算机的形式或者包括这样的计算机。
用于确定道路情况的设备设置在车辆探照灯的内部中。由此，可最佳地保护该设备免于污染。尤其可保护该设备免于可能在车辆的行驶期间出现的污染。此外，该设备的红外线发射装置构造成穿过探照灯玻璃发出在780nm至2500nm的波长范围中(例如是780nm至1000nm或者1500nm)的预定波长的光。同样，被道路表面反射的光又穿过探照灯玻璃被探测。车辆的探照灯玻璃是车辆元件中最经常被清洁或擦拭的那个，尤其对于前照灯的情况。车辆的驾驶员例如会特别频繁地检查探照灯玻璃，至少在每次驾驶之前。附加地存在这样的车辆，在其中甚至自动清洁探照灯玻璃，例如用于清洁探照灯玻璃的刮玻璃器。通过将该设备设置在探照灯玻璃之后由此可确保，该设备能够实际上始终具有对车道的自由的视野。
在车辆探照灯中，该设备可直接固定在探照灯玻璃的内侧处。
在车辆探照灯中，该设备可更换。
该设备可直接固定在探照灯玻璃的内侧处、即在探照灯玻璃后面。在此，该设备可利用合适的固定器件来安装和固定。该设备尤其也可更换。同样可将该设备或包括该设备的探照灯玻璃作为模块化的单元更换。由此还得到通过添加该设备或者更换包括该设备的探照灯玻璃来改装现有车辆探照灯的可能性。
处理装置可构造在车辆探照灯中，其可至少每秒100次、尤其至少每秒400次地确定道路表面的表面参数。
通过高比率地确定表面参数，可尽可能实时地、即实际上无明显时间延迟地来检测和评估这些参数的当前的值以及参数的变化，从而驾驶员可做出响应。在每秒400次确定的情况下，在例如大约80km/h的车辆速度下每5cm执行一测量和确定。原则上，表面参数的确定应快速地实现成使得系统可非常快速地且精确地对车道特性的变化做出响应。
在车辆探照灯中，该设备此外可包括脉冲装置，其构造成以最高500μs持续时间的、尤其最高100μs持续时间的脉冲和/或最高500μs持续时间、尤其最高100μs持续时间的间歇使由红外线发射装置发出的光脉动。
通过脉冲装置的脉冲，该设备可有效地且以较少的死时间发出对于测量所需的光。此外，通过该脉动(Pulsung)对于测量和接下来的确定来提供时间常数、时钟。
在车辆探照灯中，在该设备中红外线发射装置可构造成发出具有至少两个预定的不同的波长的光或至少两个不同波长范围中的光(用于探测湿气/湿度与干燥)。
在车辆探照灯中，由红外线发射装置发出的不同波长可相应处于红外线范围中，其中，此外红外线发射装置可发出在用于校正的参考波长范围之内的光，其中，参考波长范围同样处于红外线范围中。
通过使用在红外线范围中的波长，不存在与探照灯的可见光范围的交叠，也不使其它交通参与者眩目。波长中的一个尤其可适合用于确定在车道上的冰或冰层，例如1500nm的波长。与第一波长不同的所发出的另一波长可适合用于确定较薄的水膜。在此，可利用1450nm的波长来确定在车道上直至大约1mm厚度的水膜。对于在车道上较厚的水膜或水层、例如直到30mm厚度的水层，可使用大约980nm的另一波长。附加地，可持续地或周期性地或至少在行驶开始时发出1300nm的另一波长作为用于校正的参考波长。所述三个波长以及参考波长相应典型地彼此不同。当然，也可使用其它波长。通常，波长可匹配水和冰的吸收带。
在车辆探照灯中，表面参数可包括对于湿度、冰厚度、雪厚度、水膜厚度、冰-水比例、冰水混合物的冻结温度、冰水混合物的盐含量和摩擦系数的一个或多个参数。利用这些参数来确定对于车辆的驾驶员最重要的参数并且可鉴于可能的危险来分析。
在车辆探照灯中，该设备此外也包括用于与因特网和/或移动计算机装置和/或移动通信仪器交换数据的接口。接口例如可包括CAN接口或机动车典型的其它接口。尤其可将利用该设备获得的信息/数据传输到其它车辆处。
此外，本发明提供一种车辆、尤其乘用车或载重汽车，其具有至少一个如上面已说明的那样的车辆探照灯。车辆可具有无线的数据连接装置，其构造成将数据传输到另一车辆处；以及控制装置，其构造成将利用用于确定道路情况的设备所获得的数据通过数据连接装置传递到另一车辆处。在未来可使车辆相互通讯并且如此可事先警告迎面而来的车辆危险的车道状态。带有根据本发明的探照灯的车辆例如可以是撒播车(Steufahrzeug)。为了发射数据，数据连接装置可配备有发射器和天线。控制装置可包括计算机和CPU。
此外，本发明提供一种用于监控道路情况的系统，其带有：如上所述的车辆；和因特网服务器，其为了数据交换与用于确定道路情况的设备相连接；以及计算机装置，其为了数据交换通过因特网服务器与该设备相连接。
在系统中，道路情况的监控可通过带有至少一个根据本发明的车辆探照灯的车辆来提供。
接下来根据附图来详细阐述本发明的另外的特征和示例性的实施形式。应理解的是，这些实施形式不穷尽本发明的范围。此外应理解的是，进一步所说明的特征中的一些或全部也可以其它方式相互组合。
附图说明
图1显示了具有根据本发明的车辆探照灯的车辆的示意图。
图2显示了带有根据本发明的用于确定道路情况的设备的如在图1中所绘的车辆探照灯的示意图。
图3显示了图2中的设备的示意图。
图4显示了用于监控道路情况的系统以及车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了带有根据本发明的车辆探照灯3的车辆1。车辆纯示例性地作为乘用车绘出。然而应理解的是，车辆同样可以是载重汽车或双轮车。
在以下实施形式中，使用LED装置/单元作为红外线发射装置。其应示例性地来理解并且备选地可使用其它合适的红外线发射装置。
在图2中详细绘出了车辆探照灯3。车辆探照灯3包括用于产生探照光的光源7。此外，车辆探照灯包括反射器5和探照灯玻璃9。探照灯玻璃9可包括适合用于车辆探照灯3的二氧化硅基玻璃或者但是还包括塑料(例如丙烯酸玻璃或聚碳酸酯)。但是，其它玻璃也是可能的。探照灯玻璃9对于由光源7产生的光是透明的。车辆探照灯3此外包括用于确定道路情况的设备11，其中，该设备在车辆探照灯3的内部10中设置在探照灯玻璃9之后。在图2中，设备11直接设置在探照灯玻璃9后面。这具有该优点，即由设备11发出的光(其随后由车辆1所行驶的道路的道路表面反射)具有尽可能短的路径以穿过探照灯玻璃9、即实际上直接从设备11进入探照灯玻璃9中且然后被发出，或者对于由道路表面/车道表面反射的光直接从探照灯玻璃9又射到设备11上。在此，设备11可更换。探照灯玻璃9同样可更换。附加地或备选地，探照灯玻璃9也可连同设备11一起更换，从而可得到对于维护或改装的不同可能性。
根据图3来详细阐述设备11。图3绘出了图2中的设备11的前视图。在图3中，设备11包括LED单元13。纯示例性地，LED单元13在图3中示出有四个LED 13L。但是在LED单元13中也可存在其它数量的LED。然而四个LED 13L的数量具有该优点，即每个LED 13L可承担不同任务。典型地，LED 13L可发出在红外线范围中的光。原则上其它波长范围也是可能的。在红外线范围中的光一方面对于其它交通参与者不可见，另一方面特别适合用于探测尤其在车道表面上的水层和冰层。由LED单元13的LED 13L发出的波长中的一个可适合用于确定在车道上的冰或冰层，例如1500nm的波长。第二LED 13L可发出与第一波长不同的波长，其可特别适合用于确定薄的水膜。在此，可利用1450nm的波长来确定在车道上例如直至1mm厚的水膜。对于在车道上更厚的水膜或水层、例如直至30mm厚的水层，可利用另一LED使用另一波长。该另一波长尤其可为大约980nm。附加地，可持续地或周期性地或至少在行驶开始时借助于第四LED 13L发出另一1300nm的波长。该另一波长可用作用于校正的参考波长。当然也可使用其它波长。但是同样也可使用多于四个LED。
LED单元13可通过脉冲单元19来控制。脉冲单元19可通过导线19A与LED单元相连接。
LED单元13借助于LED 13L发射光穿过探照灯玻璃9。如此由LED单元13发出的光射到车道表面上并且在那里被反射。
此外，图3显示了探测装置17、例如传感器单元，用于探测由LED装置13发出的且然后被道路表面反射的光。该被反射的光又穿过探照灯玻璃9射到车辆探照灯3的内部10中。在车辆探照灯3的内部中，被反射的光典型地直接到达探测单元17。探测单元17典型地可通过导线13获得关于由LED 13L发出的光及必要时其脉动的信息。探测单元17可进一步处理所获得的被反射的光的模拟的光信息。
探测单元17可利用导线17A与接口18相连接。接口18可包括CAN接口或机动车典型的其它接口，从而可进一步处理由探测单元17提供的信号。
图4显示了用于监控道路情况的系统的示意图，其带有如根据图1所说明的车辆1，车辆1带有至少一个例如根据图2所说明的车辆探照灯3而车辆探照灯3带有如根据图3所说明的设备。图4此外显示了，在该系统中车辆通过无线连接30与因特网服务器31相连接，利用因特网服务器31可进一步处理由车辆获得的车道表面分析。因特网服务器30可通过连接31L与数据存储器33、例如数据云相连接，在其中可储存因特网服务器的信息。此外，可利用控制计算器35通过连接33L取用数据存储器33中的信息并且可将其提供给车辆转向系统或车辆的多个驾驶员。备选地和附加地，车辆可通过无线连接30与至少一个另外的车辆相连接以传输/交换数据。关于车道表面的信息/数据可利用根据图3所说明的设备来获得并且然后通过无线连接30发送到另一车辆处。

Claims (13)

1.一种车辆探照灯，其包括：
发光单元、反射器和探照灯玻璃；
用于确定道路情况的设备，其中，所述设备在车辆探照灯的内部中设置在所述探照灯玻璃之后并且包括：
红外线发射装置，其构造用于将预定波长的光通过探照灯玻璃发出到道路表面上；探测装置，其构造成探测由红外线发射装置发出的且被道路表面反射的通过探照灯玻璃的光；
处理装置，其构造成根据由所探测装置探测的光确定道路表面的表面参数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述设备直接固定在所述探照灯玻璃的内侧处。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述设备能够更换。
4.根据权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述处理装置构造成至少每秒100次、尤其至少每秒400次地确定道路表面的表面参数。
5.根据权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述设备此外包括脉冲装置，其构造成以最高500μs持续时间的、尤其最高100μs持续时间的脉冲和/或最高500μs持续时间、尤其最高100μs持续时间的间歇使由所述红外线发射装置发出的光脉动。
6.根据权利要求1至5中至少一项所述的车辆探照灯，其中，在所述设备中所述红外线发射装置构造成发出具有至少两个预定的不同的波长的光或至少两个预定的不同的波长范围中的光。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆探照灯，其中，不同的波长分别处于红外线范围中，其中，此外所述红外线发射装置能够发出用于校正的参考波长，其中，所述参考波长同样处于红外线范围中。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述表面参数包括对于湿度、冰厚度、雪厚度、水膜厚度、冰-水比例、冰水混合物的冻结温度、冰水混合物的盐含量和摩擦系数的一个或多个参数。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述设备此外包括用于与因特网和/或移动计算机装置和/或移动通信仪器交换数据的接口。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆探照灯，其中，所述接口能够包括蓝牙接口和/或CAN接口和/或RS485接口和/或机动车典型的接口。
11.一种车辆，尤其乘用车或载重汽车，其具有至少一个根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆探照灯。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆，其此外具有：无线的数据连接装置，所述数据连接装置构造成传输数据到另外的车辆处；以及控制装置，其构造成将利用用于确定道路情况的所述设备获得的数据通过所述数据连接装置传输到另外的车辆处。
13.一种用于监控道路情况的系统，其带有：根据权利要求11或12所述的车辆；因特网服务器，其为了数据交换与用于确定道路情况的设备相连接；计算机装置，其为了数据交换通过所述因特网服务器与所述设备相连接。
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CN111433100A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2020-07-17 日产自动车株式会社 路面状态判定方法以及路面状态判定装置
CN111433100B (zh) * 2017-12-07 2023-06-23 日产自动车株式会社 路面状态判定方法以及路面状态判定装置

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Application publication date: 20170419