CN106568996A - High-efficiency low-distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generation circuit and method - Google Patents

High-efficiency low-distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generation circuit and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106568996A
CN106568996A CN201611020798.1A CN201611020798A CN106568996A CN 106568996 A CN106568996 A CN 106568996A CN 201611020798 A CN201611020798 A CN 201611020798A CN 106568996 A CN106568996 A CN 106568996A
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digital
output
waveform
latch
signal
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CN106568996B (en
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邵建波
刘洪庆
郭同华
向前
王啸
吴恒奎
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CETC 41 Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R13/00Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
    • G01R13/02Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms for displaying measured electric variables in digital form
    • G01R13/0209Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms for displaying measured electric variables in digital form in numerical form
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/28Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R13/00Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
    • G01R13/02Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms for displaying measured electric variables in digital form
    • G01R13/0218Circuits therefor

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analogue/Digital Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency low-distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generation circuit and method. The high-efficiency low-distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generation circuit comprises a digital integrator; the output of the digital integrator is connected with a zero-crossing comparator; the output of the zero-crossing comparator is connected with a latching unit; and one path of output of the latching unit is connected with a filter and the other path of output is connected in series with a digital-to-analog converter and a vertical resolution extension mapper and then is fed back to the input terminal of the digital integrator. A switch controls a filter to work. The latching unit is also connected with a clock signal generator. The digital integrator, the zero-crossing comparator, the latching unit, the digital-to-analog converter, and the vertical resolution extension mapper are erected in an FPGA. In addition, the high-efficiency low-distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generation circuit also includes a memory; and a digital signal and an analog waveform are stored into the memory in advance. Therefore, the high-efficiency low-distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generation circuit can be integrated into an oscilloscope completely and various needed training signals can be generated efficiently and can be outputted from an auxiliary output port of the oscilloscope; and the waveform distortion is low. Moreover, a few of whole function module hardware circuits exit and a few of processor resources are occupied by software; and the cost is extremely low.

Description

A kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique is tested, more particularly to a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal Produce circuit and method.
Background technology
Digital oscilloscope has become research and development, manufacture and has keeped in repair the indispensable instrument of electronic equipment.With science and technology and market The continuous development of demand, oscillograph function are become stronger day by day and are enriched, and its volume forward direction hand-held, miniaturization, integrated direction It is fast-developing.Current oscillograph carrying out demonstrating, train, impart knowledge to students etc. when applying, because of its own abundant function, past contact need to be matched somebody with somebody The necessary instruments such as standby functional generator, bus protocol generator, this allows for carrying and carrying extremely inconvenience, both increased to user Great cost, has deviated from hand-held, miniaturization, integrated development trend again.
Domestic oscillograph development is increasingly rapider, and function becomes increasingly abundant and perfect, is to meet the diversified market demand, respectively Big oscillograph manufacturer often releases that price is thousand of or even functional generator option of unit up to ten thousand is integrated in inside oscillograph, convenient to use Buy and use in family.But, functional generator option not only high cost, and user often also needed to when using the option Targetedly from the Wave data of edlin related application, this results in the very big inconvenience of operation.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, there is provided a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training letter Number circuit and method are produced, can be in the case where little hardware circuit and processor resource be supported, targetedly, efficiently Various training signals needed for producing, breaking away from oscillograph also needs the necessary instruments such as outfit functional generator to bring in related application Inconvenience, so as to promote oscillograph further to hand-held, miniaturization, integrated direction development.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:
A kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit, including digital integrator, the numeral product The output connection zero-crossing comparator of device, the output of the zero-crossing comparator is divided to connect latch, the output of the latch is all the way Connection wave filter, feeds back to the digital integrator after another road series winding digital to analog converter, vertical resolution expansion mapper Input;The wave filter by on-off control its work whether;The latch is also connected with clock-signal generator, the number Word integrator, zero-crossing comparator, latch, digital to analog converter and vertical resolution expansion mapper are all built in FPGA;Also Including memorizer, digital signal and analog waveform in the memorizer, are prestored.
The analog waveform includes sine wave, the sine wave with burr, amplitude-modulated wave, frequency-modulated wave, SINC, deficient width pulse letter Number, triangle involve sawtooth waveforms.
The digital signal includes pulse signal, square wave, the clock signal with accidental burr, digital burst signal, RS232 Bus signals, CAN signal, LIN bus signals, FlexRay bus signals and 1-Wire bus signals.
When the digital integrator input is digital signal, wave filter is disconnected by controlling switch, and final output waveform is direct Exported by latch, after waveform quantization, there was only 0 and 1 two state, 0 output low level, 1 output high level, without the need for modulation.
When the digital integrator input is analog waveform, the output of latch is by switching connection wave filter;Waveform amount After change, vertical resolution is chosen to be 8Bit, with 0~255 totally 256 analog voltage sample quantization values.
The modulated signal of latch output is by digital to analog converter in logic and vertical resolution expansion mapper group Into feedback network, most at last low level be mapped as numeral 0, high level is mapped as into the maximum amplitude of analog waveform quantized data 255, the analog waveform quantized data and value of feedback of storage are carried out into work difference and is compared, and compared result carries out signed number and tires out Plus, if result is more than 0, high level 1 is exported by latch;If result is less than or equal to 0, export low by latch Level 0.
The digital to analog converter is 1Bit digital to analog converters.
The wave filter is single order passive low ventilating filter.
A kind of signal generating method of described a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit, bag Include:Initialize 8 bit accumulators;Constantly by the waveform quantization data accumulation in memorizer in digital integrator, if calculated As a result it is more than 255, accumulator overflows, then be output as high level, if accumulator does not overflow, be output as low level;Input For digital signal when, wave filter is disconnected by controlling switch, final output waveform directly by latch export, output only have height Level;Be input into for analog waveform when, the output of latch exports width by switching connection wave filter after filter filtering Value meansigma methodss are infinitely close to analog waveform.
For analog waveform, size of the modulated signal pulsewidth depending on desired analog waveform quantized data x, minimum one Individual clock cycle t, is to the maximumIndividual clock cycle, maximum pulse widthCorrespondingly, modulation letter Number period frequency in minimum frequency be:Above t is the clock cycle.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1) processor resource needed for digital modulator is few, and waveform generation efficiency is high;
2) few hardware circuit is only needed to support, it is possible to use oscillograph existing output port (such as auxiliary output terminal Mouth even 1KHz calibration signal output ports) carry out waveform output;
3) the training signal waveform distortion factor very little for producing;
4) the training signal for producing, including digital signal and analogue signal, with certain specific aim, greatly facilitate and show Related application of the ripple device at aspects such as demonstration, training, teaching, user need not be the complicated Wave data of this special editor.
Can be fully integrated in inside oscillograph, the various training signals needed for targetedly, efficiently producing, from showing The auxiliary output terminal mouth that ripple device is carried, or even the output of the port such as 1KHz calibration signals, it is few that software takes processor resource, cost It is extremely low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is method of the present invention flow chart.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit, including digital integrator, The output connection zero-crossing comparator of the digital integrator, the output connection latch of the zero-crossing comparator, the latch Output connect wave filter all the way, feed back to the number after another road series winding digital to analog converter, vertical resolution expansion mapper The input of word integrator;The wave filter by on-off control its work whether;The latch also with clock-signal generator Connection, the digital integrator, zero-crossing comparator, latch, digital to analog converter and vertical resolution expansion mapper all exist Build in FPGA, constitute single order Delta-Sigma digital modulators;Also include memorizer, in the memorizer, prestore numeral Signal and analog waveform.
In the related applications such as oscillographic demonstration, training, teaching, required waveform can be divided into digital signal and analog wave Shape.For related application, following waveform is selected, stored after sample quantization in memory, adjusted for the numeral in this method Device processed is used:Analog waveform include sine wave, the sine wave with burr, amplitude-modulated wave, frequency-modulated wave, SINC, owe width pulse signal, three Angle ripple, sawtooth waveforms etc., digital signal include pulse signal, square wave, the clock signal with accidental burr, digital burst signal, RS232 bus signals, CAN signal, LIN bus signals, FlexRay bus signals, 1-Wire bus signals etc..
The present invention includes two parts of digital modulator and wave filter.Its overall theory diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
For digital signal, the passive low ventilating filter of digital switch K control gatings need not be connected on outgoing route, because This its waveform is directly to be exported by the digital I/O ports of processor, that is, there was only 0 and 1 two state after waveform quantization, 0 Output low level, 1 output high level, without the need for modulation.
And for analog waveform, need to open the passive low ventilating filter of digital switch K control gatings on outgoing route, After its waveform quantization, vertical resolution is chosen to be 8Bit, with 0~255 totally 256 analog voltage sample quantization values.
For shown in dotted box portion in the single order Delta-Sigma digital modulators such as Fig. 1 of analog waveform.Wherein, number Word modulated signal only have low and high level point, the output level of current modulated signal is by 1Bit DAC in logic and vertical The feedback network of resolution extension mapping composition, most low level is mapped as numeral 0 at last, and high level is mapped as analog waveform amount Change the maximum amplitude 255 of data.Now, by storage analog waveform quantized data (that is, expected value of output waveform voltage) and Value of feedback carries out work difference and compares, and compared result carries out signed number and adds up, if result is more than 0, defeated by latch Go out high level 1;If result is less than or equal to 0, low level 0 is exported by latch.
To realize the program flow diagram of function above as shown in Fig. 2 a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training The signal generating method of signal generating circuit, initializes 8 bit accumulators;Constantly by the waveform quantization data in internal storage (that is, expected value of output waveform voltage) is added in accumulator ACC, if this result of calculation is more than 255, accumulator overflows Go out, then it is high level to arrange modulation output pin, if accumulator does not overflow, setting is output as low level.It is specific to wrap Include:
(1) 8 bit accumulator ACC=0, waveform of initialization quantized data index i=0 are initialized;
(2) read i-th 8, waveform quantization data data [i];
(3) ACC=ACC+data [i];
(4) judge whether ACC overflows, if overflowing modulation port output high level, i=i+1 judges whether i reaches most GreatlyTerminate if maximum is reached, be not reaching to maximum then return (2);
If do not spilt over, modulation port output low level, i=i+1 judge whether i reaches maximumIf maximum is reached Terminate, be not reaching to maximum then return (2).
Only can be seen that above flow process can make full use of the spy of digital processing unit from modulated signal final output result Property, the digital modulator feedback logic shown in Fig. 1 is efficiently realized, the final digital modulation letter for causing only low and high level output Number, after being filtered by low pass filter, its output amplitude meansigma methods is infinitely close to analog waveform.
For analog waveform, size of the modulated signal pulsewidth depending on desired analog waveform quantized data x, minimum one Individual clock cycle t, is to the maximumIndividual clock cycle, maximum pulse widthCorrespondingly, modulation letter Number period frequency in minimum frequency be:
Wherein, t is the clock cycle.
If the clock frequency that the clock-signal generator in Fig. 1 is produced selects 50MHz, that is, the clock cycle is per 20ns Adjustment is once exported, then with the minimum frequency of quantitative Analysis spectrum modulation signal high frequency components, and can obtain after filtering Training signal minimum signal to noise ratio.
For the 8bit analog waveform quantized datas that size is x (x be integer, x ∈ [0,255]), it can be deduced that tie below By:
If 1. x < 128, then accumulator when accumulation calculating is done can not possibly double spilling, so modulated signal High level lasting time maximum can only be a clock cycle 20ns, and low duration is when being then naturally larger than equal to 1 The clock cycle.Therefore now modulated signal minimum pulse width is 20ns, and maximum pulse width isIndividual clock cycle, wherein int generations Table rounding operation.
If 2. x >=128, then accumulator double can not possibly not be spilt over when accumulation calculating is done, so modulation letter Number low duration maximum can only be a clock cycle 20ns, and high level lasting time is then naturally larger than equal to 1 Clock cycle.Therefore now modulated signal minimum pulse width is 20ns, and maximum pulse width isIndividual clock cycle, wherein int Represent rounding operation.
For 50MHz clocks, the minimum frequency F of spectrum modulation signal high frequency components can be calculated according to formula (1)min =195KHz.So according to nyquist sampling theorem, raw analog waveform frequency spectrum maximum frequency component no more than 97KHz, Consider the requirement of signal to noise ratio, if selecting single order passive low ventilating filter, frequency turning point to be set to 20KHz, that is, analog waveform Frequency spectrum is needed less than 20KHz, because now low-pass filter frequency characteristic curve is ten frequencys multiplication of -20dB/ after frequency turning point, Fmin=195KHz is about ten frequencys multiplication of frequency turning point, so now training, Signal-to-Noise is minimum to be about 20dB or so.It is real On border, when only waveform quantization data are close to 0 or are close to 255, signal to noise ratio is only 20dB.If waveform quantization data x= 128, F can be calculated according to formula (1)min=25MHz, now signal to noise ratio be up to more than 60dB.And in being normally applied, mould The quantity that the quantized data of plan waveform is distributed near 0 or 255 is relatively fewer, and such average signal-to-noise ratio can be easily reached More than 40dB.In addition, if selecting second-order low-pass filter, its frequency characteristic is ten times of -40dB/ at corner frequency Frequently, then signal to noise ratio further can be lifted, minimum signal to noise ratio is up to 40dB, and maximum signal to noise ratio can reach in theory More than 120dB.
The present invention is processed respectively to digital waveform and analog waveform, gives digital-to-analog ripple in training signal Shape modulation and the principle and method of low-pass filtering.
Processor resource needed for the circuit and method and hardware circuit resource are few, and can be existing using oscillograph Output port (such as auxiliary output terminal mouth even 1KHz calibration signal output ports) carries out waveform output.
The training signal that the circuit and method are produced possesses the distortion factor of very little.
Produced by the circuit and method training signal there is certain specific aim, greatly facilitate oscillograph demonstration, The related application of the aspects such as training, teaching.
Although the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines is described to the specific embodiment of the present invention, not to present invention protection model The restriction enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not The various modifications made by needing to pay creative work or deformation are still within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit, is characterized in that, including digital integrator, described Digital integrator output connection zero-crossing comparator, the zero-crossing comparator output connection latch, the latch it is defeated Go out, after another road series winding digital to analog converter, vertical resolution expansion mapper, feed back to the numeral product Divide the input of device;The wave filter by on-off control its work whether;The latch is also connected with clock-signal generator, The digital integrator, zero-crossing comparator, latch, digital to analog converter and vertical resolution expansion mapper are all taken in FPGA Build;Also include memorizer, in the memorizer, prestore digital signal and analog waveform.
2. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Analog waveform includes that sine wave, the sine wave with burr, amplitude-modulated wave, frequency-modulated wave, SINC, deficient width pulse signal, triangle involve saw Tooth ripple.
3. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Digital signal includes pulse signal, square wave, the clock signal with accidental burr, digital burst signal, RS232 bus signals, CAN Bus signals, LIN bus signals, FlexRay bus signals and 1-Wire bus signals.
4. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described When digital integrator input is digital signal, wave filter is disconnected by controlling switch, and final output waveform is directly defeated by latch Go out, after waveform quantization, there was only 0 and 1 two state, 0 output low level, 1 output high level, without the need for modulation.
5. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described When digital integrator input is analog waveform, the output of latch is by switching connection wave filter;Vertically differentiate after waveform quantization Rate is chosen to be 8Bit, with 0~255 totally 256 analog voltage sample quantization values.
6. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, latch The feedback network that the modulated signal of device output is consisted of digital to analog converter in logic and vertical resolution expansion mapper, Most low level is mapped as numeral 0 at last, and high level is mapped as the maximum amplitude 255 of analog waveform quantized data, by storage Analog waveform quantized data and value of feedback carry out work difference and compare, and compared result carries out signed number and adds up, if result is big In 0, then high level 1 is exported by latch;If result is less than or equal to 0, low level 0 is exported by latch.
7. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Digital to analog converter is 1Bit digital to analog converters.
8. a kind of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Wave filter is single order passive low ventilating filter.
9. a kind of a kind of signal of efficient low distortion digital oscilloscope training signal generating circuit as claimed in claim 1 is produced Generation method, is characterized in that, including:Initialize 8 bit accumulators;Constantly by the waveform quantization data accumulation in memorizer to numeral In integrator, if result of calculation is more than 255, accumulator overflows, then be output as high level, if accumulator does not overflow, It is output as low level;Be input into for digital signal when, wave filter is disconnected by controlling switch, final output waveform directly pass through latch Output, output only have low and high level;Be input into for analog waveform when, the output of latch by switching connection wave filter, by filter After the filtering of ripple device, output amplitude meansigma methodss are infinitely close to analog waveform.
10. production method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, for analog waveform, modulated signal pulsewidth depends on desired The size of analog waveform quantized data x, a minimum clock cycle t, is to the maximumIndividual clock cycle, maximum pulse widthCorrespondingly, in the period frequency of modulated signal, minimum frequency is: Above t is the clock cycle.
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CN109542155A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-03-29 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 A kind of adjustable function generator bias-voltage generating circuit of resolution ratio and method
CN110595514A (en) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-20 中国电子科技集团公司第四十三研究所 Phase adaptive circuit in rotary-to-digital converter and control method thereof
CN112763769A (en) * 2021-04-08 2021-05-07 深圳市鼎阳科技股份有限公司 Signal generator with ultralow harmonic distortion and calibration method thereof
CN117335812A (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-01-02 灿芯半导体(上海)股份有限公司 Data compression storage method for ADC (analog to digital converter) for testing performance parameters

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CN110166054A (en) * 2019-05-08 2019-08-23 上海大学 A kind of sigma-delta modulator of not incoming clock signal

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CN109542155A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-03-29 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 A kind of adjustable function generator bias-voltage generating circuit of resolution ratio and method
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CN117335812B (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-03-19 灿芯半导体(上海)股份有限公司 Data compression storage method for ADC (analog to digital converter) for testing performance parameters

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