CN106566394A - 一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法。通过螺杆挤出机,将石墨与胶结剂等在胶体状态下进行剪切研磨,得到一种半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,本发明制备的涂料可在电缆线胶皮上均匀涂敷,制备出的半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料拥有极高的粘接性、成膜性、隔离性、屏蔽性。本发明直接利用石墨为原料通过螺杆机制备半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,克服了将石墨烯直接作为生产原料直接增加了生产成本的技术缺陷,并且用螺杆挤出机作为发生器,生产过程简单,成本大幅降低,并且生产过程无环境污染,产量高,具有显著的市场应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆的屏蔽材料,具体涉及一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法。
背景技术
为了保护电力输电电缆绝缘层免受由于电场应力集中而造成的破坏,同时为了抑制感应电荷,在电力输电电缆中,额定电压 3.6/6.6(7.2)kV 以上的使用乙丙橡胶和聚氯乙烯作为绝缘层的电缆,以及额定电压 1.8/3.0(3.6)kV 以上的使用交联聚乙烯和聚乙烯作为绝缘层的电缆都应有导体屏蔽和绝缘屏蔽层。分别在绝缘层内外侧各设计一层半导电屏蔽层。半导电屏蔽料的质量对电缆的使用安全及使用寿命起着至关重要的作用。半导电屏蔽层所用的复合材料必须在不同温度下及长期使用过程中保持稳定的较低的水平。通常见到的半导电橡皮屏蔽层均是由橡胶与导电炭黑经过机械混合制备而成的,目前也有将石墨烯用于半导电屏蔽橡皮。
石墨烯是由SP2杂化方式的碳原子紧密排列在一起的具有二维蜂窝状点阵结构的一种碳单质石,作为一种导电率非常优异的二维新型材料,其电阻率为 10-8Ω·m,将石墨烯用于聚合物半导电屏蔽料的导电填料能在低填充量的情况下保持良好的导电率。中国发明专利申请号201320747585.4公开了一种带石墨烯导电层的高压电缆,将目前高压交联电缆非金属外护套层外采用的导电石墨涂层改变为石墨烯导电涂层,可以大大提高电缆非金属护套机械密封性能检测的准确性及电缆运行的安全性和可靠性。
中国发明专利申请号201510524743.3公开了一种氧化石墨烯绝缘散热涂层,将氧化石墨烯配置成分散液加入由树脂与树脂固化剂混合制得,该发明直接利用氧化石墨烯为原料,由于其价格昂贵,将氧化石墨烯直接作为生产原料直接增加了生产成本,不利于大规模推广应用。
中国发明专利申请号201410480336.2公开了一种石墨烯改性的树脂粉末涂料及其生产工艺,将石墨烯按一定比例加入入高速混料机中混合,通过热熔、 辊压、研磨获得石墨烯树脂涂料。该方案一方面直接利用石墨烯作为原料加入树脂材料制备涂料导致涂料成本较高,另一方面,该方案制备的粉末涂料需要配置成涂料成品才能进行加工,无法直接利用。
中国发明专利申请号201410727717.6提出了一种石墨烯涂层的制备方法,将石墨烯加入水或有机溶剂中,采用超声法将石墨烯粉碎,再将待喷涂基底加热120-130℃,将石墨烯溶液喷涂在基底表面,该方案需要对待喷涂基底进行预热,因而对待喷涂材料属性有一定要求,并且利用该方法制备出的涂层在基底上附着力较差,成膜性较弱,易脱落,隔离效果较差。
根据上述,一方面针对电缆专用的半导体电屏蔽石墨烯涂料目前还没有公开一种低成本、规模化地制备方案制备石墨烯电缆涂料以符合石墨烯电缆市场需求。进一步,现有技术中石墨烯涂料制备方案主要是直接利用石墨烯作为原料制备涂料,生产成本较高,不利于大规模推广应用。
发明内容
针对电缆专用的半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料目前还没有一种直接利用石墨为原料,低成本、规模化地制备方案制备石墨烯电缆涂料的方案,本发明提出一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法,通过螺杆挤出机,将石墨与胶结剂等在胶体状态下进行剪切研磨,得到一种半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,本发明制备的涂料可在电缆线胶皮上均匀涂敷,且有极高的粘接性、成膜性、隔离性、屏蔽性。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一,本发明公开一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,由下述质量百分比的原料制备而成:
石墨原料 18-43%
胶结剂 55-80%
分散剂 0.5-1%
稳定剂 0.5-1%
其中,所述的石墨原料为鳞片石墨、膨胀石墨、高取向石墨、热裂解石墨、氧化石墨中的至少一种,所述的胶结剂醇酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚丙烯酯、丙烯酸树脂和酚醛树脂中的至少一种,所述的分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、1-吡啶酸中的至少一种,所述稳定剂为季戊四醇、滑石粉、单甘油硬脂酸酯、丙三醇和乙二胺中的至少一种或几种的混合。
优选的,所述的石墨原料粒径小于等于10毫米。
第二、本发明公开一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法,采用螺杆挤出机,将石墨与胶结剂在胶体状态下剪切研磨来制备涂料,具体方法如下:
(1)将质量百分比为18-43%的石墨原料与质量百分比为 0.5-1%的分散剂、质量百分比为55-80%的胶结剂在高速混合机中以600-1200rpm的转速混和分散10-25min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入螺杆挤出机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,螺杆以100-1200rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送;
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,在剪切减薄段石墨在剪切研磨作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置稳定剂加料口,在分散取向段加入质量百分比为0.5-1%的稳定剂,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
优选的,所述的螺杆机是可多次喂料的双螺杆机、可多次喂料的三螺杆机、可多次喂料的四螺杆机;
所述的初级破碎段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成;
所述的剪切减薄段由四组斜角为30°的啮合螺纹元件、四组斜角为45°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向45°的啮合螺纹元件组、四组90°的直角啮合螺纹元件、四组反向60°的啮合螺纹元件组成;
所述的分散取向段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成。
优选的,所述的初级破碎段设置温度为50-60℃,剪切减薄段设置温度为60-80℃,分散取向段设置温度为70-80℃。
将本发明所制备的电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料用溶剂分散后涂覆于型号为YJV22高压电缆表面可提高电缆性能,性能测试如表1所示。
表1:
性能指标 | 耐冲击性 | 体积电阻率(Ω•m) | 附着力(级) | 耐湿热性 |
未涂覆 | 10cm | 1016 | 2 | 600h |
涂覆后(涂覆厚度1.0mm) | 55cm | 1013 | 0 | 1200h |
本发明一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料及制备方法,与现有技术相比,其突出的特点和优异的效果在于:
1、本发明直接利用石墨为原料通过螺杆机制备半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,生产成本大幅降低,并且生产过程无环境污染,产量高,具有显著的市场应用价值。
2、通过特定结构的螺杆机剪切剥离制备石墨烯,在连续通过螺杆过程中,石墨形成片形的取向,并通过剪切剥离的啮合块螺纹元件在定向的方向被剪切剥离,从而形成了径向大尺寸面积的高质量石墨烯,保护了石墨烯晶格的完整性,使半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料具有更好的屏蔽性能。
3、本发明制备的涂料可在电缆线胶皮上均匀涂敷,且有极高的粘接性、成膜性、隔离性、屏蔽性。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
(1)将质量百分比为18%,粒径为5毫米的膨胀石墨原料与质量百分比为 1%的十二烷基硫酸钠、质量百分比为80%的醇酸树脂在高速混合机中以600rpm的转速混和分散10min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入双螺杆机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,初级破碎段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成,剪切减薄段由四组斜角为30°的啮合螺纹元件、四组斜角为45°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向45°的啮合螺纹元件组、四组90°的直角啮合螺纹元件、四组反向60°的啮合螺纹元件组成,分散取向段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成。初级破碎段设置温度为50℃。螺杆以100rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的膨胀石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送。
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,设置剪切减薄段的温度为80 ℃,在剪切减薄段石墨在螺杆机剪切力作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置温度为80℃在分散取向段设置滑石粉加料口,在分散取向段加入1%的滑石粉,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
将实施例一中所制备的电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料涂覆于型号为YJV22高压电缆表面,经测试获得性能参数如表2所示。
实施例2
(1)将质量百分比为20%,粒径为6毫米的热裂解石墨原料与质量百分比为 1%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠、质量百分比为78%的聚丙烯酯在高速混合机中以700rpm的转速混和分散13min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入双螺杆机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,初级破碎段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成,剪切减薄段由四组斜角为30°的啮合螺纹元件、四组斜角为45°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向45°的啮合螺纹元件组、四组90°的直角啮合螺纹元件、四组反向60°的啮合螺纹元件组成,分散取向段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成。初级破碎段设置温度为60℃。螺杆以300rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的膨胀石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送。
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,设置剪切减薄段的温度为70 ℃,在剪切减薄段石墨在螺杆机剪切力作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置温度为80℃在分散取向段设置单甘油硬脂酸酯加料口,在分散取向段加入1%的单甘油硬脂酸酯,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
将实施例二中所制备的电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料涂覆于型号为YJV22高压电缆表面,经测试获得性能参数如表2所示。
实施例3
(1)将质量百分比为30%,粒径为3毫米的氧化石墨原料与质量百分比为1%的1-吡啶酸、质量百分比为78%的丙烯酸树脂在高速混合机中以800rpm的转速混和分散15min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入三螺杆机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,初级破碎段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成,剪切减薄段由四组斜角为30°的啮合螺纹元件、四组斜角为45°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向45°的啮合螺纹元件组、四组90°的直角啮合螺纹元件、四组反向60°的啮合螺纹元件组成,分散取向段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成。初级破碎段设置温度为55℃。螺杆以600rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的膨胀石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送。
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,设置剪切减薄段的温度为70 ℃,在剪切减薄段石墨在螺杆机剪切力作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置温度为80℃在分散取向段设置乙二胺加料口,在分散取向段加入1%的乙二胺,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
将实施例三中所制备的电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料涂覆于型号为YJV22高压电缆表面,经测试获得性能参数如表2所示。
实施例4
(1)将质量百分比为40%,粒径为9毫米的鳞片石墨原料与质量百分比为 1%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、质量百分比为58%的聚氨酯树脂在高速混合机中以1000rpm的转速混和分散19min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入三螺杆机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,初级破碎段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成,剪切减薄段由四组斜角为30°的啮合螺纹元件、四组斜角为45°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向45°的啮合螺纹元件组、四组90°的直角啮合螺纹元件、四组反向60°的啮合螺纹元件组成,分散取向段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成。初级破碎段设置温度为60℃。螺杆以800rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的膨胀石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送。
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,设置剪切减薄段的温度为60 ℃,在剪切减薄段石墨在螺杆机剪切力作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置温度为75℃在分散取向段设置季戊四醇加料口,在分散取向段加入1.0%的季戊四醇,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
将实施例四中所制备的电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料用溶剂调制后涂覆于型号为YJV22高压电缆表面,经测试获得性能参数如表2所示。
表2
性能指标(涂覆厚度1.0mm) | 耐冲击性 | 体积电阻率(Ω•m) | 附着力(级) | 耐湿热性 |
实施例一 | 51cm | 1013 | 0 | 1120h |
实施例二 | 55cm | 1013 | 0 | 1200h |
实施例三 | 52cm | 1013 | 0 | 1050h |
实施例四 | 50cm | 1013 | 0 | 1190h |
Claims (5)
1.一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,其特征在于由下述质量百分比的原料制备而成:
石墨原料 18-43%
胶结剂 55-80%
分散剂 0.5-1%
稳定剂 0.5-1%
其中,所述的石墨原料为鳞片石墨、膨胀石墨、高取向石墨、热裂解石墨、氧化石墨中的至少一种,所述的胶结剂为醇酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚丙烯酯、丙烯酸树脂和酚醛树脂中的至少一种,所述的分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、1-吡啶酸中的至少一种,所述稳定剂为季戊四醇、滑石粉、单甘油硬脂酸酯、丙三醇和乙二胺中的至少一种或几种的混合;
所述电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,由如下方法制备而得:
(1)将质量百分比为18-43%的石墨原料与质量百分比为 0.5-1%的分散剂、质量百分比为55-80%的胶结剂在高速混合机中以600-1200rpm的转速混和分散10-25min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入螺杆挤出机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,螺杆以100-1200rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送;
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,在剪切减薄段石墨在剪切研磨作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置稳定剂加料口,在分散取向段加入质量百分比为0.5-1%的稳定剂,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料,其特征在于,所述的石墨原料粒径小于等于10毫米。
3.一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料的制备方法,其特征在于采用螺杆挤出机,将石墨与胶结剂在胶体状态下剪切研磨来制备涂料,具体方法如下:
(1)将质量百分比为18-43%的石墨原料与质量百分比为 0.5-1%的分散剂、质量百分比为55-80%的胶结剂在高速混合机中以600-1200rpm的转速混和分散10-25min,得到预混物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的预混物加入螺杆挤出机中,螺杆机挤出由进料端向出料端依次设置初级破碎段、剪切减薄段、分散取向段,螺杆以100-1200rpm的转速旋转时,在初级破碎段,预混物中的石墨的粒径降低至小于1毫米,并与胶结剂一起逐渐向前输送;
(3)步骤(2)的物料连续通过剪切减薄段,在剪切减薄段石墨在剪切研磨作用下,使石墨剥离形成单层或多层大尺寸面积的石墨烯,形成石墨烯掺杂的胶结剂;
(4)步骤(3)通过剪切减薄段的物料连续通过分散取向段,在分散取向段设置稳定剂加料口,在分散取向段加入质量百分比为0.5-1%的稳定剂,石墨烯沿螺杆旋转方向在胶结剂中均匀分散开,形成片形的取向,并逐渐向前输送,形成电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的螺杆机是可多次喂料的双螺杆机、可多次喂料的三螺杆机、可多次喂料的四螺杆机;所述的初级破碎段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成;所述的剪切减薄段由四组斜角为30°的啮合螺纹元件、四组斜角为45°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向45°的啮合螺纹元件组、四组90°的直角啮合螺纹元件、四组反向60°的啮合螺纹元件组成;所述的分散取向段由两组56/56输送螺纹元件、两组齿形盘、四组斜角为60°的啮合螺纹元件、四组反向56/56输送螺纹元件组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种电缆专用半导电屏蔽石墨烯涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的初级破碎段设置温度为50-60℃,剪切减薄段设置温度为60-80℃,分散取向段设置温度为70-80℃。
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CN109370027B (zh) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-01-05 | 特变电工(德阳)电缆股份有限公司 | 一种石墨烯复合半导电屏蔽材料、制备方法及其应用 |
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CN111613377A (zh) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-01 | 江苏远大电缆有限公司 | 一种矿物绝缘电缆 |
CN112898805A (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 东莞市泰恩斯线缆有限公司 | 线缆涂层涂料、线缆制备方法及采用该方法制备的线缆 |
WO2023065430A1 (zh) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-27 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | 一种导电炭黑高效分散的高压电缆半导电屏蔽料及制备方法 |
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