CN106562124A - 一种冷水鱼中草药饲料添加剂组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种冷水鱼中草药饲料添加剂组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冷水鱼中草药饲料添加剂组合物及其制备方法和用途,由以下原料及其重量份数组成:甘草10‑20份、大蒜10‑20份、铁苋菜10‑20份、五倍子5‑10份、艾叶10‑20份、马鞭草5‑10份、守宫1‑5份、桂皮5‑10份。可按5~15%剂量添加到饲料中,本发明具有很明显的杀菌消毒作用,能有效提高冷水鱼的抗病能力,从而提高其存活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够提高冷水鱼抗病能力的中草药饲料添加剂,尤其是涉及一种冷水鱼中草药饲料添加剂组合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
冷水鱼是鱼的一个种类,主要是人们按照鱼类对于生活环境,尤其是水温的要求,在水产养殖上,人们习惯将水温高于20℃就不能存活的鱼类统称为冷水性鱼类,即俗称的“冷水鱼”,如虎嘉鱼、裂腹鱼等。冷水鱼的蛋白质含量比一般的鱼的蛋白质含量高,胆固醇含量非常低,肉质口感更佳,含有丰富的氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸;被称作脑黄金的DHA、EPA含量高于其他鱼类数倍,所以营养价值比一般的鱼更高。
随着现代水产养殖业的发展,国内外水产品贸易及水产苗种跨区域交流日益频繁,这大大增加了水产养殖动物病原传播的机会。同时,由于现代水产养殖的集约化、高密度生产方式及渔业水域环境的恶化, 又常会引发养殖动物的应激反应,导致机体的免疫系统受到抑制,正是这些因素相互影响,出现了全球性的水产养殖动物发病率趋于频繁,流行程度日益广泛,经济损失极为巨大的局面。因此,有必要提供一种中草药饲料添加剂,起到提高冷水鱼抗病能力的作用。目前,国内外还没有公开任何一种能够提高冷水鱼抗病能力的中草药饲料添加剂及其应用的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种有效提高冷水鱼抗病能力,从而提高其存活率的一种冷水鱼中草药饲料添加剂组合物及其制备方法和用途。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物,由以下原料及其重量份数组成:甘草10-20份、大蒜10-20份、铁苋菜10-20份、五倍子5-10份、艾叶10-20份、马鞭草5-10份、守宫1-5份、桂皮5-10份,具有很明显的杀菌消毒作用,能有效提高冷水鱼的抗病能力,能有效促进水产动物吞噬细胞的吞噬功能、淋巴细胞的转化及抗体与干扰素的产生;激活网状内皮系统,,诱导淋巴细胞和脾T 细胞增生,增强其吞噬功能,增强NK 细胞的杀伤功能,,诱生干扰素,其中守宫可促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,以增强机体的免疫功能提高其抗病能力,从而提高其存活率;同时以纯中药配方,毒性小不受鱼消化道的破坏, 有较好的免疫效果,将上述药材按组份混合粉碎,过60~150目,浸水2~5h后进行熬制,直至其呈黏稠膏状倒处自然凉却,然后进行干燥粉碎,过100~200目;所述浸水过程中,水中添加有0.001~0.01%的二十烷酸和0.1~0.5%的枸杞多糖,使中药中有效成分充分溶解,二十烷酸和枸杞多糖促进机体吸收,从而达到药效最大化,提高其抗病能力。枸杞多糖提取方法有以下步骤:将枸杞加水浸泡,打浆,去籽,枸杞果浆置于循环超声提取机中进行超声提取,固液分离,滤液浓缩,加沉淀剂沉淀多糖,并采用树脂进行纯化,制成枸杞多糖成品。沉淀剂为甲醇、乙醇和二氧化铪,复合比例为1~2:1~2:1,提高枸杞多糖产率,二氧化铪可充分沉淀枸杞多糖,从而提高产率。所述中草药饲料添加剂组合物用于制备具有提高冷水鱼抗病能力的中草药饲料添加剂的用途,在冷水鱼饲料中的添加量为5~15%,该添加量有效提高冷水鱼抗病能力。
与现有技术相比,本发明所具有的优点在于:本发明具有很明显的杀菌消毒作用,能有效提高冷水鱼的抗病能力,能有效促进水产动物吞噬细胞的吞噬功能、淋巴细胞的转化及抗体与干扰素的产生;激活网状内皮系统,,诱导淋巴细胞和脾T 细胞增生,增强其吞噬功能,增强NK 细胞的杀伤功能,,诱生干扰素,其中守宫可促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,以增强机体的免疫功能提高其抗病能力,从而提高其存活率;同时以纯中药配方,毒性小不受鱼消化道的破坏, 有较好的免疫效果。
经发明人实验结果表明,按5~10%的剂量将上述微生物制剂添加到冷水鱼类的饲料中,实验鱼增重率、成活率及感染嗜水气单胞菌后的存活率明显提高。本发明操作上要求不高,容易掌握和实施,不会对养殖鱼类和人造成伤害。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1:
一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物,由以下原料及其重量份数组成:甘草10-20份、大蒜10-20份、铁苋菜10-20份、五倍子5-10份、艾叶10-20份、马鞭草5-10份、守宫1-5份、桂皮5-10份,优选的,甘草16份、大蒜13份、铁苋菜17份、五倍子8份、艾叶11份、马鞭草8份、守宫1份、桂皮5份,具有很明显的杀菌消毒作用,或因协同作用产生有效提高冷水鱼的抗病能力,能有效促进水产动物吞噬细胞的吞噬功能、淋巴细胞的转化及抗体与干扰素的产生;激活网状内皮系统,,诱导淋巴细胞和脾T 细胞增生,增强其吞噬功能,增强NK 细胞的杀伤功能,,诱生干扰素,其中守宫可促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,以增强机体的免疫功能提高其抗病能力,从而提高其存活率;同时以纯中药配方,毒性小不受鱼消化道的破坏, 有较好的免疫效果,将上述药材按组份混合粉碎,过60~150目,浸水2~5h后进行熬制,直至其呈黏稠膏状倒处自然凉却,然后进行干燥粉碎,过100~200目;所述浸水过程中,水中添加有0.001~0.01%的二十烷酸和0.1~0.5%的枸杞多糖,优选的,水中添加有0.001%的二十烷酸和0.3%的枸杞多糖,使中药中有效成分充分溶解,二十烷酸和枸杞多糖促进机体吸收,从而达到药效最大化,提高其抗病能力。枸杞多糖提取方法有以下步骤:将枸杞加水浸泡,打浆,去籽,枸杞果浆置于循环超声提取机中进行超声提取,固液分离,滤液浓缩,加沉淀剂沉淀多糖,并采用树脂进行纯化,制成枸杞多糖成品。沉淀剂为甲醇、乙醇和二氧化铪,复合比例为1~2:1~2:1,优选的,复合比例为2:2:1,提高枸杞多糖产率,二氧化铪可充分沉淀枸杞多糖,从而提高产率。所述中草药饲料添加剂组合物用于制备具有提高冷水鱼抗病能力的中草药饲料添加剂的用途,在冷水鱼饲料中的添加量为5~15%,优选的,按13%添加量有效提高冷水鱼抗病能力。
实施例2:
称取甘草160g、大蒜130g、铁苋菜170g、五倍子80g、艾叶110g、马鞭草80g、守宫10g、桂皮50g,按5%、7%、10%、13%、15%剂量分别添加到冷水鱼专用饲料中配置成实验饲料,并将不含本中草药饲料添加剂的冷水鱼饲料作为对照饲料。喂养初始体重(22.0±2.0)g的冷水鱼4周后,统计增重情况,之后进行嗜水气单胞菌的攻毒试验,统计存活率,结果见下表:
增重率(%) | 存活率(%) | |
5%添加组 | 7.54 | 73.70% |
7%添加组 | 8.33 | 76.23% |
10%添加组 | 11.21 | 81.43% |
13%添加组 | 12.33 | 83.69% |
15%添加组 | 11.67 | 82.12% |
对照组 | 5.67 | 63.21% |
由上表可知,实验组增重率为7.54~12.33%,对照组增重率为5.67%;感染嗜水气单胞菌后,实验组存活率为73.70%~83.69%,对照组存活率为63.21%,其中13%添加组其增重率和存活率最高,同时根据发明人实验所得,冷水鱼的增重率提高了10-20%,感染嗜水气单胞菌后的存活率提高了20~30%,且数据呈非线性运动,且因作用机理尚不明确,实验结果有待验证。
当然,上述说明并非对本发明的限制,本发明也并不限于上述举例。本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内,作出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物,其特征在于:所述中草药饲料添加剂组合物由以下原料及其重量份数组成:甘草10-20份、大蒜10-20份、铁苋菜10-20份、五倍子5-10份、艾叶10-20份、马鞭草5-10份、守宫1-5份、桂皮5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:将上述药材按组份混合粉碎,过60~150目,浸水2~5h后进行熬制,直至其呈黏稠膏状倒处自然凉却,然后进行干燥粉碎,过100~200目;所述浸水过程中,水中添加有0.001~0.01%的二十烷酸和0.1~0.5%的枸杞多糖。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述枸杞多糖提取方法有以下步骤:将枸杞加水浸泡,打浆,去籽,枸杞果浆置于循环超声提取机中进行超声提取,固液分离,滤液浓缩,加沉淀剂沉淀多糖,并采用树脂进行纯化,制成枸杞多糖成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述沉淀剂为甲醇、乙醇和二氧化铪,复合比例为1~2:1~2:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物的用途,其特征在于:所述中草药饲料添加剂组合物用于制备具有提高冷水鱼抗病能力的中草药饲料添加剂的用途。
6.根据权利要求3所述的所述的一种冷水鱼的中草药饲料添加剂组合物的用途,其特征在于:所述中草药饲料添加剂组合物在冷水鱼饲料中的添加量为5~15%。
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