CN106558422A - 一种石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器及制备方法，由极片/电解质/极片的方式组装而成，其特征是所述的电解质为固体电解质PVA‑H2SO4或PVA‑H3PO4；制备方法：（1）碳纳米管石墨化处理；（2）球磨，制成分散液，加入粉碎的纸纤维，制成悬浮液，真空抽滤，制成碳纳米管‑纸纤维复合导电纸，石墨化处理成碳纳米管导电纸电极片；（3）制备固体电解质；（4）将固体电解质涂敷在两电极片之间，压实，干燥；（5）引出导线，封装，即制成固体电解质超级电容器。本发明提供了一种新的全固态超级电容器的结构，石墨化碳纳米管纸同时作为电极极片和集流体，结构简单，同时兼顾了柔性，利用固态电解质，更安全，稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超级电容器领域，涉及一种由碳纳米管、纸纤维复合形成的碳导电纸固态超级电容器。
背景技术
随着科技和社会的迅速发展，对高性能电源的需求越来越大，不仅要求高的比能量，还要求较高的比功率。 超级电容器是介于电池与传统电容器之间的新型储能器件，具有良好的环境友好性，同时其具有寿命长，污染小，高的比功率，其电极材料分为碳材料、过渡金属氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料。碳材料是自然界中最重要的元素之一，其中富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯是近几十年来发现的碳材料家族的新成员，全固态超级电容器与液体电解液相比，稳定性更高，结构简单。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器的制备方法，涉及一种用碳纳米管纸作为极片固体电解质同时作为隔膜和电解质的固态电解质超级电容器。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明所述的一种石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器，由极片/电解质/极片的方式组装而成，其特征是所述的电解质为固体电解质PVA-H2SO4或PVA-H3PO4。
本发明所述的固体电解质为PVA-H2SO4或PVA-H3PO4，其制备工艺如下。
将聚乙烯醇（PVA）浸泡在去离子水中5-24小时，在50-95℃恒温水浴中搅拌2h，直到呈透明状，冷却后，加入硫酸（H2SO4）或者磷酸（H3PO4），搅拌数分钟即分别制得PVA-H2SO4或PVA-H3PO4固体电解质。聚乙烯醇、去离子水和硫酸或硝酸的比例质量︰体积︰质量控制在1︰5～26︰0.1～3。
本发明所述的一种石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器的制备方法，包括如下步骤。
（1）碳纳米管进行石墨化处理：在保护性气体中缓慢升温至1800-3000℃，保温20-200h。
（2）取石墨化的碳纳米管球磨2-8h，制成碳纳米管分散液，将纸纤维粉碎与碳纳米管分散液混合制成悬浮液，真空抽滤，制成碳纳米管-纸纤维复合导电纸。再经石墨化处理后制成碳纳米管导电纸电极极片。
（3）将固体电解质涂敷在两片电极极片之间，压实并在60℃的干燥箱中干燥。
（4）两个极片分别引出导线并采用铝塑膜将极片封装，即制成固体电解质超级电容器。
本发明提供了一种新的全固态超级电容器的结构，石墨化碳纳米管纸同时作为电极极片和集流体，结构简单，同时兼顾了柔性，利用固态电解质，更安全，稳定。电容器的制造简单，容量和大小可调。
具体实施方式
本发明将通过以下实施例作进一步说明。
实施例1。
取球磨的石墨化碳纳米管0.5g，分散于100mL去离子水中，分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠，超声30分钟，用高速剪切机搅拌数分钟，形成碳纳米管分散液。取纸纤维0.5g，加入1000mL去离子水，用高速剪切机将纸纤维打碎成悬浮液。将碳纳米管分散液与纸纤维混合均匀抽滤制成碳纳米管纸。厚度大约0.5mm，直径为150mm，接着用辊压机进行辊压，辊压后的厚度大约在0.25mm，用切片机切直径为14mm的极片。称取PVA(1750±50)3g，去离子水30mL，浓H2SO4 3g，在90℃搅拌1h，形成透明热的胶体，即为PVA-H2SO4固体电解质。将固体电解质涂敷在碳纳米管纸的一侧，然后将两个极片涂覆电解质的一侧压在一起，固体电解质夹在两个极片中间，引出导线封装后封装，制成全固态超级电容器。
实施例2。
取球磨的石墨化碳纳米管1g，分散于100mL去离子水中，分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠，超声30分钟，用高速剪切机搅拌数分钟，形成碳纳米管分散液。取纸纤维1g，加入1000mL去离子水，用高速剪切机将纸纤维打碎成悬浮液。将碳纳米管分散液与纸纤维悬浮液混合抽滤制成碳纳米管纸。厚度大约0.5mm，直径为150mm，接着用辊压机进行辊压，辊压后的厚度大约在0.25mm，用切片机切直径为14mm的极片和泡沫镍，按照泡沫镍/引线/极片在模具中压制在一起。称取PVA(1750±50)3g，去离子水30mL，浓H3PO4 3g，在90℃搅拌1h，形成透明热的胶体，即为PVA-H3PO4固体电解质。将固体电解质涂敷在碳纳米管纸的一侧，然后将两个极片涂覆电解质的一侧压在一起，固体电解质夹在两个极片中间，引出导线封装后封装，制成全固态超级电容器。
Claims (2)
1.一种石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器，由极片/电解质/极片的方式组装而成，其特征是所述的电解质为固体电解质PVA-H2SO4或PVA-H3PO4；
所述的固体电解质PVA-H2SO4或PVA-H3PO4，其制备工艺如下：
将聚乙烯醇浸泡在去离子水中5-24小时，在50-95℃恒温水浴中搅拌2h，直到呈透明状，冷却后，加入硫酸或者磷酸，搅拌数分钟即分别制得PVA-H2SO4或PVA-H3PO4固体电解质；聚乙烯醇、去离子水和硫酸或硝酸的比例质量︰体积︰质量控制在1︰5～26︰0.1～3。
2.权利要求1所述的石墨化碳纳米管纸固体电解质超级电容器的制备方法，其特征是包括如下步骤：
（1）碳纳米管进行石墨化处理：在保护性气体中缓慢升温至1800-3000℃，保温20-200h；
（2）取石墨化的碳纳米管球磨2-8h，制成碳纳米管分散液，将纸纤维粉碎与碳纳米管分散液混合制成悬浮液，真空抽滤，制成碳纳米管-纸纤维复合导电纸，再经石墨化处理后制成碳纳米管导电纸电极片；
（3）将固体电解质涂敷在两片电极片之间，压实并在60℃的干燥箱中干燥；
（4）两个极片分别引出导线并采用铝塑膜将极片封装，即制成固体电解质超级电容器。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107104003A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-29 | 华北电力大学（保定） | 一种柔性电极、其制备方法及超级电容器 |
| CN107104004A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-29 | 华北电力大学（保定） | 一种柔性电极、其制备方法及超级电容器 |
| CN110136994A (zh) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-16 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种高能量密度的纤维状超级电容器及其制备方法 |
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