CN106542831A - 一种高耐压强度耐火砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高耐压强度耐火砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106542831A
CN106542831A CN201610884551.8A CN201610884551A CN106542831A CN 106542831 A CN106542831 A CN 106542831A CN 201610884551 A CN201610884551 A CN 201610884551A CN 106542831 A CN106542831 A CN 106542831A
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refractory brick
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晋元龙
陈德全
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Ma'an Mountain Bao Long Building Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高耐压强度耐火砖及其制备方法，其由以下重量份的原料制成：叶蜡石29‑41、固硫灰20‑30、铝合金熔渣21‑33、油页岩灰渣30‑40、粉煤灰25‑35、纸筋灰10‑15、硬木浆粕8‑12、碎石屑14‑22、钨纤维5‑10、造纸白泥38‑46、磷石膏15‑25、氧化羟丙基淀粉5‑10、羟乙基甲基纤维素4‑7。本发明加入了纸筋灰、硬木浆粕等原料，大大增强了耐火砖的耐压强度，综合力学性能大大提高；同时还加入了钨纤维，不仅可以提高耐火砖的力学性能，还可以提高耐火砖的耐火度。本发明制得的耐火砖具有高耐火度、高耐压强度的优点，可广泛适用于对耐火等级和耐压强度要求高的建筑物或构筑物上。

Description

一种高耐压强度耐火砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高耐压强度耐火砖及其制备方法，属于耐火材料领域。
背景技术
凡具有抵抗高温以及在高温下所产生的物理化学作用的材料统称耐火材料。耐火材料广泛用于冶金、化工、石油、机械制造、硅酸盐、动力、锅炉、轻工、电力、军工等国民经济的各个领域，是保证上述产业生产运行和技术发展必不可少的基本材料，在高温工业生产发展中起着不可替代的重要作用。耐火材料一般分为两种，即不定型耐火材料和定型耐火材料。其中定型耐火材料一般指耐火砖，其形状有标准规则，也可以根据需要筑切时临时加工。
近年来，国内耐火砖生产工艺发展迅速，市场上出现了种类繁多、性能各异的耐火砖。中国专利号为：200710062457.5的发明专利公开了一种硅质隔热耐火砖，本发明耐火砖由硅石细粉81-85％，珍珠岩15-19％，外加占上述主原料总重的下列辅料：铁鳞粉0.45-0.55％，水泥0.9-1.1％，石灰乳6.5-7.5％，纸浆1.95-2.2％组成，制备工艺为：将硅石细粉、珍珠岩按比例加入湿碾内，然后加入铁鳞粉、水泥干碾1-2分钟后，加入占主原料总重的1.8-2.2％的水，然后加入石灰乳，碾压10-15分钟，最后加入纸浆，碾压10-15分钟，出碾，成型制坯。采用上述原料和工艺制得的耐火砖虽然解决了现有粘土质隔热耐火砖存在荷重变形温度低、高温下易收缩、导热率较大、保温效果不好等缺陷，但是其耐火性和耐压强度与国外耐火砖相比较，仍存在较大的差距，无法满足出口市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高耐压强度耐火砖及其制备方法，本发明制得的耐火砖具有高耐火度、高耐压强度的优点。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高耐压强度耐火砖，由以下重量份的原料制成：叶蜡石29-41、固硫灰20-30、铝合金熔渣21-33、油页岩灰渣30-40、粉煤灰25-35、纸筋灰10-15、硬木浆粕8-12、碎石屑14-22、钨纤维5-10、造纸白泥38-46、磷石膏15-25、氧化羟丙基淀粉5-10、羟乙基甲基纤维素4-7。
一种高耐压强度耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
(1)将叶蜡石、固硫灰、铝合金熔渣、油页岩灰渣、粉煤灰混合均匀，粉碎，过100-150目筛，800-850℃煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，400-500r/min干法球磨20-30min，然后按照固液比1：3-5将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35％的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至70-80℃，保温浸泡2-4h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12-13，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2-3h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，780-820℃温煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，待用；
(2)按照固液比1：2-4将步骤(1)留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15％的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至75-85℃，保温浸泡1-3h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为9-10时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化1.5-2.5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，500-550℃温煅烧2-3h，冷却至室温，待用；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的原料与步骤(2)制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量40-60％的硫酸钠和35-55％的碳酸钠，600-800r/min干法球磨10-15min，1050-1150℃煅烧3-5h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至60-70℃，搅拌5-10min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
(4)将纸筋灰、硬木浆粕、碎石屑、钨纤维混合均匀，粉碎，过80-120目筛后与步骤(3)制得的耐火料进行干混，混合5-8min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合3-6min；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为15-20MPa，将成型后的坯体静置1-3h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温1-3h，恒温4-7h，降温2-4h，蒸压温度为170-190℃，然后自然环养护即可。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过从叶蜡石、固硫灰、铝合金熔渣、油页岩灰渣、粉煤灰等原料中提取氧化铝和二氧化硅，然后在硫酸钠和碳酸钠的熔盐中煅烧，可以得到以莫来石为主要成分的耐火料，该耐火料加入到砖中，可以大大提高耐火砖的耐火性，使得耐火砖在高温下仍能保持优异的综合性能，同时实现了固硫灰、铝合金熔渣、油页岩灰渣、粉煤灰等固体废渣的再资源化利用，具有重要的经济效益和社会效益；
(2)本发明加入了纸筋灰、硬木浆粕等原料，大大增强了耐火砖的耐压强度，综合力学性能大大提高；同时还加入了钨纤维，不仅可以提高耐火砖的力学性能，还可以提高耐火砖的耐火度。本发明制得的耐火砖具有高耐火度、高耐压强度的优点，可广泛适用于对耐火等级和耐压强度要求高的建筑物或构筑物上。
具体实施方式
一种高耐压强度耐火砖，由以下重量(kg)的原料制成：叶蜡石35、固硫灰25、铝合金熔渣27、油页岩灰渣35、粉煤灰30、纸筋灰12、硬木浆粕10、碎石屑17、钨纤维8、造纸白泥42、磷石膏20、氧化羟丙基淀粉8、羟乙基甲基纤维素6。
一种高耐压强度耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
(1)将叶蜡石、固硫灰、铝合金熔渣、油页岩灰渣、粉煤灰混合均匀，粉碎，过120目筛，820℃煅烧1.5h，冷却至室温，450r/min干法球磨25min，然后按照固液比1：4将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35％的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至75℃，保温浸泡3h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2.5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，800℃温煅烧1.5h，冷却至室温，待用；
(2)按照固液比1：3将步骤(1)留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15％的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至80℃，保温浸泡2h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，520℃温煅烧2.5h，冷却至室温，待用；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的原料与步骤(2)制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量50％的硫酸钠和45％的碳酸钠，700r/min干法球磨12min，1100℃煅烧4h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至65℃，搅拌8min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
(4)将纸筋灰、硬木浆粕、碎石屑、钨纤维混合均匀，粉碎，过100目筛后与步骤(3)制得的耐火料进行干混，混合7min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合4min；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为18MPa，将成型后的坯体静置2h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温2h，恒温5h，降温3h，蒸压温度为180℃，然后自然环养护即可。
上述实施例制得的耐火砖的的性能检测结果与国外耐火砖性能参数相比较如下表所示：
国外耐火砖 上述实施例生产的耐火砖
耐火度(℃) 1780 1810
耐压强度(Mpa) 92 117

Claims (2)

1.一种高耐压强度耐火砖，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：叶蜡石29-41、固硫灰20-30、铝合金熔渣21-33、油页岩灰渣30-40、粉煤灰25-35、纸筋灰10-15、硬木浆粕8-12、碎石屑14-22、钨纤维5-10、造纸白泥38-46、磷石膏15-25、氧化羟丙基淀粉5-10、羟乙基甲基纤维素4-7。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的高耐压强度耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，由下列步骤组成：
（1）将叶蜡石、固硫灰、铝合金熔渣、油页岩灰渣、粉煤灰混合均匀，粉碎，过100-150目筛，800-850℃煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，400-500r/min干法球磨20-30min，然后按照固液比1：3-5将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35%的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至70-80℃，保温浸泡2-4h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12-13，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2-3h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，780-820℃温煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，待用；
（2）按照固液比1：2-4将步骤（1）留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15%的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至75-85℃，保温浸泡1-3h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为9-10时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化1.5-2.5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，500-550℃温煅烧2-3h，冷却至室温，待用；
（3）将步骤（1）制得的原料与步骤（2）制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量40-60%的硫酸钠和35-55%的碳酸钠，600-800r/min干法球磨10-15min，1050-1150℃煅烧3-5h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至60-70℃，搅拌5-10min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
（4）将纸筋灰、硬木浆粕、碎石屑、钨纤维混合均匀，粉碎，过80-120目筛后与步骤（3）制得的耐火料进行干混，混合5-8min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合3-6min；
（5）将步骤（4）制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为15-20MPa，将成型后的坯体静置 1-3h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温1-3h，恒温4-7h，降温2-4h，蒸压温度为170-190℃，然后自然环养护即可。
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