CN106542834A - 一种抗热震耐火砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗热震耐火砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106542834A
CN106542834A CN201610884567.9A CN201610884567A CN106542834A CN 106542834 A CN106542834 A CN 106542834A CN 201610884567 A CN201610884567 A CN 201610884567A CN 106542834 A CN106542834 A CN 106542834A
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refractory brick
sodium
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晋元龙
陈德全
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Ma'an Mountain Bao Long Building Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗热震耐火砖及其制备方法，其由以下重量份的原料制成：碎砾石12‑19、高炉矿渣13‑22、含铬硅酸铝纤维10‑15、火山灰18‑29、绢云母14‑26、硅酸钾8‑14、糖厂滤泥32‑38、黄糊精5‑10、硼砂6‑12、钠硅渣24‑36、鳞片石墨粉11‑17、瓷石尾砂15‑25、钛酸铝10‑15、纤维石16‑28。本发明采用含铬硅酸铝纤维、鳞片石墨粉、钛酸铝等原料进行混合使用，充分利用各原料的优点，发挥协同作用，既能达到较高的耐火度，又能有效提高耐火砖的抗热震性能，本发明抗热震耐火砖耐高温性好，抗热震性能优异，使用寿命长。

Description

一种抗热震耐火砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗热震耐火砖及其制备方法，属于耐火材料领域。
背景技术
凡具有抵抗高温以及在高温下所产生的物理化学作用的材料统称耐火材料。耐火材料广泛用于冶金、化工、石油、机械制造、硅酸盐、动力、锅炉、轻工、电力、军工等国民经济的各个领域，是保证上述产业生产运行和技术发展必不可少的基本材料，在高温工业生产发展中起着不可替代的重要作用。耐火材料一般分为两种，即不定型耐火材料和定型耐火材料。其中定型耐火材料一般指耐火砖，其形状有标准规则，也可以根据需要筑切时临时加工。
近年来，国内耐火砖生产工艺发展迅速，市场上出现了种类繁多、性能各异的耐火砖。中国专利号为：200710062457.5的发明专利公开了一种硅质隔热耐火砖，本发明耐火砖由硅石细粉81-85％，珍珠岩15-19％，外加占上述主原料总重的下列辅料：铁鳞粉0.45-0.55％，水泥0.9-1.1％，石灰乳6.5-7.5％，纸浆1.95-2.2％组成，制备工艺为：将硅石细粉、珍珠岩按比例加入湿碾内，然后加入铁鳞粉、水泥干碾1-2分钟后，加入占主原料总重的1.8-2.2％的水，然后加入石灰乳，碾压10-15分钟，最后加入纸浆，碾压10-15分钟，出碾，成型制坯。采用上述原料和工艺制得的耐火砖虽然解决了现有粘土质隔热耐火砖存在荷重变形温度低、高温下易收缩、导热率较大、保温效果不好等缺陷，但是其耐火性和抗热震性与国外耐火砖相比较，仍存在较大的差距，无法满足出口市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种抗热震耐火砖及其制备方法，以解决现有耐火砖抗热震性差和耐火度低的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种抗热震耐火砖，由以下重量份的原料制成：碎砾石12-19、高炉矿渣13-22、含铬硅酸铝纤维10-15、火山灰18-29、绢云母14-26、硅酸钾8-14、糖厂滤泥32-38、黄糊精5-10、硼砂6-12、钠硅渣24-36、鳞片石墨粉11-17、瓷石尾砂15-25、钛酸铝10-15、纤维石16-28。
一种抗热震耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
(1)将高炉矿渣、火山灰、绢云母、钠硅渣、瓷石尾砂混合均匀，粉碎，过50-100目筛，780-840℃煅烧2-4h，冷却至室温，350-450r/min干法球磨20-30min，然后按照固液比1：4-5将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35％的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至60-70℃，保温浸泡4-7h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12-14，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为7-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2-5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，750-800℃温煅烧2-4h，冷却至室温，待用；
(2)按照固液比1：3-4将步骤(1)留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15％的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至75-85℃，保温浸泡1.5-2.5h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为7-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化3-5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，540-580℃温煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，待用；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的原料与步骤(2)制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量40-50％的硫酸钠和50-60％的碳酸钠，700-900r/min干法球磨8-14min，1020-1100℃煅烧4-6h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至65-75℃，搅拌6-9min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
(4)将碎砾石、含铬硅酸铝纤维、纤维石混合均匀，粉碎，过80-120目筛后与步骤(3)制得的耐火料进行干混，混合3-6min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合2-4min；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为16-22MPa，将成型后的坯体静置2-3h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温3-5h，恒温6-9h，降温2-4h，蒸压温度为175-195℃，然后自然环养护即可。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过从高炉矿渣、火山灰、钠硅渣、瓷石尾砂等原料中提取氧化铝和二氧化硅，然后在硫酸钠和碳酸钠的熔盐中煅烧，可以得到以莫来石为主要成分的耐火料，该耐火料加入到砖中，可以大大提高耐火砖的耐火性，使得耐火砖在高温下仍能保持优异的综合性能，同时实现了高炉矿渣、火山灰、钠硅渣、瓷石尾砂等固体废渣的再资源化利用，具有重要的经济效益和社会效益；
(2)本发明采用含铬硅酸铝纤维、鳞片石墨粉、钛酸铝等原料进行混合使用，充分利用各原料的优点，发挥协同作用，既能达到较高的耐火度，又能有效提高耐火砖的抗热震性能，本发明抗热震耐火砖耐高温性好，抗热震性能优异，使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
一种抗热震耐火砖，由以下重量(kg)的原料制成：碎砾石16、高炉矿渣18、含铬硅酸铝纤维12、火山灰22、绢云母20、硅酸钾11、糖厂滤泥35、黄糊精8、硼砂9、钠硅渣30、鳞片石墨粉14、瓷石尾砂20、钛酸铝12、纤维石22。
一种抗热震耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
(1)将高炉矿渣、火山灰、绢云母、钠硅渣、瓷石尾砂混合均匀，粉碎，过80目筛，810℃煅烧3h，冷却至室温，400r/min干法球磨25min，然后按照固液比1：4将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35％的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至65℃，保温浸泡6h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为13，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化3h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，770℃温煅烧3h，冷却至室温，待用；
(2)按照固液比1：3将步骤(1)留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15％的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至80℃，保温浸泡2h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化4h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，560℃温煅烧1.5h，冷却至室温，待用；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的原料与步骤(2)制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量45％的硫酸钠和55％的碳酸钠，800r/min干法球磨10min，1060℃煅烧5h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至70℃，搅拌8min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
(4)将碎砾石、含铬硅酸铝纤维、纤维石混合均匀，粉碎，过100目筛后与步骤(3)制得的耐火料进行干混，混合4min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合3min；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为19MPa，将成型后的坯体静置2.5h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温4h，恒温7h，降温3h，蒸压温度为185℃，然后自然环养护即可。
上述实施例制得的耐火砖的的性能检测结果与国外耐火砖性能参数相比较如下表所示：
国外耐火砖 上述实施例生产的耐火砖
耐火度(℃) 1750 1785
热震稳定性，1100℃，水冷，(次) 42 58

Claims (2)

1.一种抗热震耐火砖，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：碎砾石12-19、高炉矿渣13-22、含铬硅酸铝纤维10-15、火山灰18-29、绢云母14-26、硅酸钾8-14、糖厂滤泥32-38、黄糊精5-10、硼砂6-12、钠硅渣24-36、鳞片石墨粉11-17、瓷石尾砂15-25、钛酸铝10-15、纤维石16-28。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的抗热震耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，由下列步骤组成：
（1）将高炉矿渣、火山灰、绢云母、钠硅渣、瓷石尾砂混合均匀，粉碎，过50-100目筛，780-840℃煅烧2-4h，冷却至室温，350-450r/min干法球磨20-30min，然后按照固液比1：4-5将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35%的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至60-70℃，保温浸泡4-7h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12-14，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为7-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2-5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，750-800℃温煅烧2-4h，冷却至室温，待用；
（2）按照固液比1：3-4将步骤（1）留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15%的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至75-85℃，保温浸泡1.5-2.5h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为7-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化3-5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，540-580℃温煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，待用；
（3）将步骤（1）制得的原料与步骤（2）制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量40-50%的硫酸钠和50-60%的碳酸钠，700-900r/min干法球磨8-14min，1020-1100℃煅烧4-6h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至65-75℃，搅拌6-9min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
（4）将碎砾石、含铬硅酸铝纤维、纤维石混合均匀，粉碎，过80-120目筛后与步骤（3）制得的耐火料进行干混，混合3-6min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合2-4min；
（5）将步骤（4）制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为16-22MPa，将成型后的坯体静置2-3h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温3-5h，恒温6-9h，降温2-4h，蒸压温度为175-195℃，然后自然环养护即可。
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