CN106540657A - 一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法 - Google Patents

一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法 Download PDF

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CN106540657A
CN106540657A CN201610939744.9A CN201610939744A CN106540657A CN 106540657 A CN106540657 A CN 106540657A CN 201610939744 A CN201610939744 A CN 201610939744A CN 106540657 A CN106540657 A CN 106540657A
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刘亚平
姜加波
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Jiangsu High Protection Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,包括两个步骤,步骤一为按照1:3的质量比将活性炭浸渍在2.5%~4%的活性炭浸渍剂溶液中,搅拌、室温下浸渍、烘干,得到改性活性炭,步骤二为按照质量分数28%~62%的氨水、3.6%~5.8%的碱式碳酸铜、0.6%~3.3%的三氧化氪、0.05%~1.13%的硝酸银、33.6~59.8%的水配置浸渍药剂,再将经步骤一处理所得的活性炭加入浸渍药剂中,室温下浸渍10~20分钟,将浸渍过浸渍药剂的改性活性炭置于烘箱中烘干,制得产品。本发明使得改性后的活性炭吸附容量更大,吸收和解吸速度更快,且稳定性好,提高活性炭防护产品的防护性能。

Description

一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法。
背景技术
活性炭是一种优良的吸附剂,具有多孔结构,吸附容量大、速度快,很高的物理吸附和化学吸附功能,效率高,去除效果好等优点,最大的特点就是可以循环利用,饱和后进行脱附再生;可用于吸附毒气、有害物质等。但近年来,随着经济的发展,需要吸附剂的场合越来越多,例如雾霾等恶劣天气的增多,全球空气的质量也越来越引起国际社会的关注,防毒面具也应用的越来越普遍,而防毒面具用的普通的活性炭有时吸附效果达不到要求。基于上述情况,寻找一个吸附容量更大,吸收和解吸速度更快,且稳定性好的新型毒气、有害物质活性炭吸附剂成了技术人员研究的重点。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,使得改性后的活性炭吸附容量更大,吸收和解吸速度更快,且稳定性好,提高活性炭防护产品的防护性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,包括以下步骤:
(1).对活性炭改性:将活性炭浸渍剂配置成质量分数2.5%~4%的活性炭浸渍剂溶液,活性炭与活性炭浸渍剂溶液按照1:3的质量比,将活性炭浸渍在活性炭浸渍剂溶液中,搅拌均匀,在室温下浸渍4h~6h,将过滤剩余活性炭浸渍剂溶液后的活性炭置于烘箱中,在温度140~160℃下烘干,得到改性活性炭;
(2).改性活性炭浸渍:按照步骤(1)处理所得的活性炭的质量的90%的水溶配置浸渍药剂,浸渍药剂按照质量分数28%~62%的氨水、3.6%~5.8%的碱式碳酸铜、0.6%~3.3%的三氧化氪、0.05%~1.13%的硝酸银、33.6~59.8%的水配置而成,氨水的浓度为18~22%,再将经步骤(1)处理所得的活性炭加入浸渍药剂中,在室温下浸渍10~20分钟;
(3).将浸渍过浸渍药剂的改性活性炭置于烘箱中于140~160℃下烘干,烘干30~40分钟,成型。
活性炭浸渍剂为氢氧化钾或碳酸氢钠。
所述活性炭为煤质活性炭、木材活性炭、果壳活性炭、椰壳活性炭、杏壳活性炭、枣壳活性炭中的一种或多种任意比例组合。
本发明使得改性后的活性炭吸附容量更大,吸收和解吸速度更快,且稳定性好,提高活性炭防护产品的防护性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合所示之最佳实施例作进一步详述:
实施例1:一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,KOH改性:配比质量分数3%的KOH溶 液,按照15克椰壳活性炭:45克KOH溶液(约15克椰壳活性炭:45mlKOH溶液)的比例将活性炭 浸渍在KOH溶液中,在室温下浸渍4h,将过滤剩余KOH溶液后的活性炭置于烘箱中于150℃下 烘干,得到改性活性炭,改性活性炭编号为:Q-K-3。活性炭原料的物理性能参数参见表1:
炭样 表观密度(g/ml) 亚甲基蓝值(ml/0.1g) 碘值(mg/g) 灰份(%)
Q 0.35 13.5 1067.7 6.23
表1
经KOH改性后,活性炭原料与编号为Q-K-3改性活性炭性能指标对比参见表2:
表2
从表2中可以看出,使用了KOH活性炭浸渍剂,改性活性炭的各项性能都存在提升。吸附性能得到提升,KOH碱性浸渍剂改性后的样品的亚甲基蓝吸附性能有了很大的提升。
由此看出,KOH可以除去活性炭孔内的碱性物质使活性炭的灰分大大降低,并且这种改性有一定的扩孔效应。
配置浸渍药剂,取10公斤的KOH改性样品炭,按照90%的水溶,计算要9公斤的溶液,其中60%氨水即5.4公斤,氨水的浓度为18.5%,Cu2(OH)2CO3在溶液中含量为4.8%即0.432公斤,KrO3在溶液中含量为1.3%即0.117公斤,AgNo3在溶液中含量为0.13%即0.0117公斤,水在溶液中含量为33.77%即33.03公斤,取10公斤的KOH改性样品炭,在室温下浸渍10分钟,将浸渍过浸渍药剂的改性活性炭置于烘箱中于150℃下烘干,烘干34分钟。取样测试,阻力和防护时间。
气流量为15 l/min时的最大呼吸阻力:79pa
气流量为47.5 l/min时的最大呼吸阻力:270pa
苯的防护时间:256分钟
二氧化硫的防护时间:73分钟
氨气的防护时间:76分钟
硫化氢的防护时间:147分钟
可见经改性及浸渍药剂后的测试数据达到GB2890-2009的阻力和防护时间的要求,比普通活性炭吸附容量更大,吸收和解吸速度更快,且稳定性好,提高活性炭防护产品的防护性能。
实施例2:一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,NaHCO3改性:配比质量分数3%的NaHCO3溶液,按照15克椰壳活性炭:45克NaHCO3溶液(约15克椰壳活性炭:45mlNaHCO3溶液)的比例将活性炭浸渍在NaHCO3溶液中,在室温下浸渍4h,将过滤剩余NaHCO3溶液后的活性炭置于烘箱中于150℃下烘干,得到改性活性炭,改性活性炭编号为:Q-Na-3。活性炭原料的物理性能参数参见表1。
经NaHCO3改性后,活性炭原料与编号为Q-Na-3改性活性炭性能指标对比参见表3:
表3
从表3中可以看出,使用了NaHCO3活性炭浸渍剂,改性活性炭的各项性能都存在提升。吸附性能得到提升,NaHCO3碱性浸渍剂改性后的样品的亚甲基蓝吸附性能有了很大的提升。
由此看出, NaHCO3可以除去活性炭孔内的碱性物质使活性炭的灰分大大降低,并且这种改性有一定的扩孔效应。
配置浸渍药剂,取10公斤的NaHCO3改性样品炭,按照90%的水溶,计算要9公斤的溶液,其中30%氨水即2.7公斤,氨水的浓度为18%,Cu2(OH)2CO3在溶液中含量为5.8%即0.522公斤,KrO3在溶液中含量为3.3%即0.297公斤,AgNo3在溶液中含量为1.13%即0.1017公斤,水在溶液中含量为59.77%即5.3793公斤。取10公斤的NaHCO3改性样品炭,在室温下浸渍10分钟,将浸渍过浸渍药剂的改性活性炭置于烘箱中于150℃下烘干,烘干38分钟。取样测试,阻力和防护时间。
气流量为15 l/min时的最大呼吸阻力:71pa
气流量为47.5 l/min时的最大呼吸阻力:265pa
苯的防护时间:267分钟
二氧化硫的防护时间:80分钟
氨气的防护时间:81分钟
硫化氢的防护时间:156分钟
可见对活性炭的改性和对浸渍药剂的调整后,使得活性炭的吸附质量有了更进一步的提升,比普通活性炭吸附容量更大,吸收和解吸速度更快,且稳定性好,提高活性炭防护产品的防护性能。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (3)

1.一种防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
.对活性炭改性:将活性炭浸渍剂配置成质量分数2.5%~4%的活性炭浸渍剂溶液,活性炭与活性炭浸渍剂溶液按照1:3的质量比,将活性炭浸渍在活性炭浸渍剂溶液中,搅拌均匀,在室温下浸渍4h~6h,将过滤剩余活性炭浸渍剂溶液后的活性炭置于烘箱中,在温度140~160℃下烘干,得到改性活性炭;
.改性活性炭浸渍:按照步骤(1)处理所得的活性炭的质量的90%的水溶配置浸渍药剂,浸渍药剂按照质量分数28%~62%的氨水、3.6%~5.8%的碱式碳酸铜、0.6%~3.3%的三氧化氪、0.05%~1.13%的硝酸银、33.6~59.8%的水配置而成,氨水的浓度为18~22%,再将经步骤(1)处理所得的活性炭加入浸渍药剂中,在室温下浸渍10~20分钟;
.将浸渍过浸渍药剂的改性活性炭置于烘箱中于140~160℃下烘干,烘干30~40分钟,成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,其特征在于:活性炭浸渍剂为氢氧化钾或碳酸氢钠。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防毒面具用活性炭的复合改性方法,其特征在于:所述活性炭为煤质活性炭、 木材活性炭、 果壳活性炭、 椰壳活性炭、 杏壳活性炭、 枣壳活性炭中的一种或多种任意比例组合。
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