CN106540335A - 一种多孔材料的应用 - Google Patents

一种多孔材料的应用 Download PDF

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CN106540335A
CN106540335A CN201510600351.0A CN201510600351A CN106540335A CN 106540335 A CN106540335 A CN 106540335A CN 201510600351 A CN201510600351 A CN 201510600351A CN 106540335 A CN106540335 A CN 106540335A
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porous material
power source
porous
microcirculation
source application
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叶雷
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Chongqing Runze Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Chongqing Runze Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510600351.0A priority Critical patent/CN106540335A/zh
Priority to EP16848016.8A priority patent/EP3326662A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/098414 priority patent/WO2017050134A1/zh
Priority to US15/754,591 priority patent/US20180243093A1/en
Publication of CN106540335A publication Critical patent/CN106540335A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多孔材料的新用途。该多孔材料是由孔腔及围绕孔腔的腔壁构成的，其孔腔是三维贯通的；该多孔材料的毛细力为5Pa以上；该多孔材料的腔壁表面与其中循环的液相物质的接触角小于90°；它作为微循环动力源应用。在循环系统中；作为提供物质交换的微循环动力源应用。在分离系统中，作为提供物质分离移动的微循环动力源应用。在医用植入系统中，作为提供组织细胞生长的微循环动力源应用。

Description

一种多孔材料的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔材料。特别是多孔材料的新应用。
背景技术
多孔材料作为一种性能优异的多用工程材料，因其优异的物理、力学性能，具有功能和结构双重属性，在航空航天、原子能、电化学、石油化工、冶金、机械、医药、环保、建筑等行业的分离、过滤、布气、催化、电化学过程、消音、吸震、屏蔽、热交换、植入等过程中得到了广泛应用。例如，利用多孔材料的孔道对流体介质中的阻流和捕捉作用，将气体或液体进行过滤与分离，从而达到介质的净化与分离作用；多孔金属可用于吸能减震、消音降噪，如用于汽车的防冲档，用作滤音器；多孔金属可用于热交换器，效率很高；石油工业、化学工业和冶金工业等领域中的流化床技术设备的各种高性能流体分布元件，要求孔隙分布均匀、透过性高，并且耐蚀、耐高温、抗热震，以及足够的承载强度，多孔金属可以满足这些综合技术指标；多孔金属导电性能好，并具有一定的自支撑能力和很大的表面积以提供广阔的界面电化学电荷传递空间，因而成为一种优秀的电极材料，适用于各种蓄电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池；多孔金属可作为多种结构材料，如泡沫铝制备的轻质刚性结构夹层镶板用于减轻汽车质量，泡沫金属用于制备飞机机翼的支撑体等；多孔金属可用作阻火器，组织火焰的传播；多孔材料如多孔钛、多孔钽、多孔羟基磷灰石等可用作生物材料，如人工骨、牙齿等；多孔陶瓷可用作催化剂载体，以促进反应；多孔陶瓷可制作光触媒载体，在多孔陶瓷上涂覆纳米级的二氧化钛微粒，其受紫外线激发后具有强烈的光催化氧化降解特性，可催化有机物和微生物，从而使空气得到净化；多孔陶瓷还可用作温度、湿度、气体、化学等多种传感器；硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料可用作隔热保温材料，广泛用于建筑节能；泡沫塑料的分离富集技术在分析化学中被广泛应用，迄今为止可用泡沫塑料分离富集的元素已有60种之多；开孔的聚四氟乙烯透气防水布料，可缝制多微孔的防水高质量运动服装，类似的泡沫塑料杯用作人造皮肤；聚合物泡沫材料的低密度使其具有极低的单位体积损耗因子，适合用作天线罩和无线电发射的外壳。
尽管多孔材料得到广泛应用，但对于多孔材料的毛细作用却关注不够，专利CN1636876A介绍了一种用具有毛细作用的多孔材料强化水分蒸发和层析分离的方法，将一种或多种具有毛细作用的多孔材料置于盐田或苦咸水池或所含污染物为非挥发性物质的工业废水或污水池中，如天然纤维或合成纤维或金属纤维或碳纤维布或板状多孔陶瓷、板状硅藻土等物质，通过采用具有毛细作用的多孔材料扩大水分的蒸发面积，强化水分蒸发，提高了盐产量或所含污染物为非挥发性物质的工业废水或污水的处理量，节省了能源，提高了分离效率。尽管该专利提及过具有毛细作用的多孔材料，但是对于毛细力大小、及它与多孔材料的孔的腔壁表面与其中流动的液相物质的浸润性的相关性却未进行过研究，其作用程度不清楚，目前也从未见其作微循环的动力源的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有较大毛细力且与传输的液相物质具有良好浸润性的多孔材料，可以作为一种微循环动力源的应用。
发明人研究发现，并非所有的多孔材料都具有毛细力，也非具有毛细力的多孔材料都具有较大的毛细力，而只有当具有一定毛细力且具有一定浸润性的多孔材料才可能成为微循环的动力源使用。
对于具有毛细作用的多孔材料，其毛细力必须足够大其作用才显著，效率才高，而多孔材料的毛细力大小与固体材料本身，固体表面状况及孔径的贯通性及孔径大小诸多因素有关，它必须对材料的某些相关因素进行合理的匹配才能达到较大值来作为一种动力源的使用。
本发明目的通过如下技术方案实现：
一种多孔材料，其特征在于：该多孔材料是由孔腔及围绕孔腔的腔壁构成的，其孔腔是三维贯通的；该多孔材料的毛细力为5Pa以上；该多孔材料的腔壁表面与其中循环的液相物质的接触角小于90°；作为微循环动力源的应用。
进一步说，在循环系统中可以作为提供物质交换的微循环动力源应用。
进一步说，在分离系统中，可以作为提供物质分离移动的微循环动力源应用。
进一步说，在医用植入系统中，可以作为提供组织细胞生长的微循环动力源应用。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明所述的多孔材料，其毛细力为5Pa以上，且对介入其中的液相物质具有良好的浸润性，这样对液相物质吸附作用大，因而能够作为微循环动力源应用；在循环系统中作为提供系统物质交换的微循环动力源应用；在分离系统中，作为提供分离物质移动的微循环动力源应用。
2、本发明所述的多孔材料作为医用植入材料使用时，其5Pa以上的毛细力能够加速血液流动，特别是对生物组织液具有良好的浸润性，成为生物组织液、血液的微循环的动力源，改善因病变遭成的微循环不畅，恢复并改善微循环，有利于病变处恢复。
3、本发明所述的多孔材料的腔壁表面与其中循环的液相物质的接触角小于90°时，会使其中循环的液相物质对多孔材料有良好的浸润性，更有利于液相物质在多孔材料中的流动，有利于增大毛细力。
附图说明
下面将结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
图1为参照GB5250-93设计的毛细力测试装置示意图。
图2为本发明对多孔材料毛细力形成的微循环试验示意图。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式以本发明技术方案为前提，给出了详细的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围不仅限于下述的实施方式。在不脱离和改变本发明上述技术思想情况下，根据本领域的普通技术知识和/或惯用手段，显然还可以做出多种形式的替换或变更，并均应包括在本发明的范围之内。
图1中，1为夹紧装置，2为多孔材料，3为液相物质，4为盛液相物质3的容器，5为电子天平。
根据图1装置，可测试多孔材料的毛细力，测试步骤为：
(1)将装入液相物质3的容器4放置在电子天平5上并清零；
(2)将多孔材料2竖直固定在夹紧装置1上；
(3)通过调节夹紧装置1，使多孔材料2伸入液相物质3液面1-2mm，并打开计时器开始计时；
(4)电子天平读数开始变成负值，即为多孔材料2对液相物质3的抽吸质量；
(5)根据公式（2）计算出毛细力△P。
△P=μM2/[ 2Kε(ρS) 2t] （2）
其中，μ为流过多孔材料液相物质的的动力粘度；
M为抽吸的多孔材料液相物质的质量；
K为多孔材料的渗透率；
ε为多孔材料的孔隙率；
ρ为流过多孔材料液相物质的密度；
S为多孔材料的截面积；
t为液体介质上升所用时间。
图2中，6为多孔材料，7为塑料管，塑料管7分为主管7-1与支管7-2两部分，主管7-1与支管7-2连通，7-3为连通部，多孔材料6外径按照主管7-1内径制造，多孔材料6放入主管7-1中，8为器皿，器皿8内有液相介质，9为固定塑料管7的固定座，将装有多孔材料6的塑料管7主管7-1放入器皿8中，多孔材料6在液相介质液面以上有一定高度，其顶端处于连通部7-3的下部，当多孔材料6具有毛细力时，器皿8中的液相介质会吸入多孔材料，当毛细力足够大时，液相介质会升至高出液面以上的多孔材料顶部到达连通部7-3，从支管7-2流出，再流入器皿8中，形成循环。
实施例1：
本实施例的多孔材料为多孔碳化硅，其孔是三维贯通的，孔隙率为70%，平均孔径为1260μm，当液相物质为去离子水时，用图1装置及公式（2）测试并计算毛细力为5.2Pa， 采用制备多孔碳化硅的相同的材料与工艺方法，制备出与多孔碳化硅孔的腔壁状态相同的平面，借助JY-82接触角测量仪用液滴法测试出该平面与去离子水的表面的接触角为88.7°。将该种材料用图2装置进行试验，多孔材料6在去离子水液面以上40mm，试验表明，水很快升至多孔材料6顶部，从支管7-2流出，再流入器皿8中，形成连续循环过程。将该种材料用于小型水处理循环系统中微循环系统部分，用于待处理水与已处理的水的交换，应用表明，使用该种多孔碳化硅后，由于其毛细力高达5.2Pa，有大的吸力作用，成为动力源之一，相对于没有多孔碳化硅时加速了水的流动，测试表明，经过多孔碳化硅后水流速度相对于没有多孔碳化硅时提高21%，从而提高了交换效率，又增大了交换量，并实现节能。
实施例2：
本实施例的多孔材料为多孔石英，其孔是三维贯通的，孔隙率为60%，平均孔径为200μm，当液相介质为煤油时，用图1装置及公式（2）测试并计算毛细力高达154Pa，采用制备多孔石英的相同的材料与工艺方法，制备出与多孔石英孔的腔壁状态相同的平面，借助JY-82接触角测量仪用液滴法测试出该平面与煤油的接触角为50°，煤油对该种表面具有较好的浸润性。将该种材料用图2装置进行试验，多孔材料6在煤油液面以上50mm，试验表明，煤油很快升至多孔材料6顶部，从支管7-2流出，再流入器皿8中，形成连续循环过程。将该材料用于煤油过滤装置，由于其毛细力高达154Pa，有很大吸力作用，起到了装置循环系统部分的动力源之一作用，该动力使含固体杂质颗粒的煤油流过多孔石英速度加快，加速了杂质颗粒从含杂质颗粒煤油中的分离速度，试验结果表明，分离效率提高32%以上。
实施例3：
本实施例的多孔材料为多孔钽，具有二级孔结构，以材料孔径大小进行分级，其各级孔及各级孔之间是三维贯通的，总有效孔隙率为80%，大孔孔径为400μm-600μm，在大孔的腔壁上有平均孔径30μm的小孔，当介质为新西兰大白兔血液时，用图1装置及公式（2）测试并计算毛细力高达2190Pa。采用制备多孔钽的相同的材料与工艺方法，制备出与多孔钽的腔壁状态相同的平面，借助JY-82接触角测量仪用液滴法测试出该平面与新西兰大白兔血液的接触角为70°，新西兰大白兔血液对该种表面具有较好的浸润性。将其在新西兰大白兔股骨组织修复中作为骨植入材料，用于进行修复因病变造成的股骨缺损试验。
动物每个器官，每个组织细胞均要由微循环提供氧气、养料，传递能量，交流信息，排除二氧化碳及代谢废物。一旦微循环发生障碍，其相应的组织系统或内脏器官就会受到影响而不能发挥正常功能，就容易导致衰老、免疫功能的紊乱以及疾病的发生。这时如果能给这种微循环系统提供一种动力源，使血液、组织液保持良好流动、交换，会克服微循环障碍。
本例中，由于原股骨的病变造成病变周围微循环不畅，将多孔钽作为骨植入材料植入兔股骨中后，由于毛细力大，成为微循环的动力源，促进了血液及组织液的交换，加速了微循环血管的形成，促进了微循环畅通，促进了骨细胞生长，加快了骨组织修复。
植入12周后检查结果表明，新骨长入多孔钽，与多孔钽紧密结合，周围组织生长良好，微血管丰满，成网状，植入效果良好。

Claims (4)

1.一种多孔材料，其特征在于：该多孔材料是由孔腔及围绕孔腔的腔壁构成的，其孔腔是三维贯通的；该多孔材料的毛细力为5Pa以上；该多孔材料的腔壁表面与其中循环的液相物质的接触角小于90°；所述多孔材料作为微循环动力源应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的多孔材料，其特征在于：在循环系统中；作为提供物质交换的微循环动力源应用。
3.如权利要求1所述的多孔材料，其特征在于：在分离系统中，作为提供物质分离移动的微循环动力源应用。
4.如权利要求1所述的多孔材料，其特征在于：在医用植入系统中，作为提供组织细胞生长的微循环动力源应用。
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