CN106538835B - Straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment - Google Patents
Straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106538835B CN106538835B CN201610949421.8A CN201610949421A CN106538835B CN 106538835 B CN106538835 B CN 106538835B CN 201610949421 A CN201610949421 A CN 201610949421A CN 106538835 B CN106538835 B CN 106538835B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- straw
- parts
- thread rolling
- strain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
A straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment comprises the steps of carrying out physical and biological fermentation treatment on straws, and carrying out one-step aerobic fermentation and one-step anaerobic fermentation to prepare a straw feed; the method comprises the following steps: crushing and kneading the straws by using a thread rolling machine; adding the straw filaments into a fermentation machine for high-temperature treatment to kill pathogenic microorganisms in the straw filaments; preparing a composite strain and a nutrient solution; cooling the straw filaments in the fermentation machine, and inoculating a composite strain; carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straw filaments in a fermentation machine; taking out the aerobic fermentation product of the straw filaments, weighing, and filling into a fermentation bag for anaerobic fermentation; obtaining the finished product of the straw feed. The method makes the straw more effective and applicable in fermentation and use through the filamentation of the straw, improves the safety, palatability and trophism of the straw feed, and enhances the health care function and growth promotion effect of the feed. The technology is suitable for breeding herbivorous animals, in particular for breeding livestock such as cattle, sheep, geese and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of straws, in particular to a preparation process of a straw biological feed.
Background
The straw resources in China are characterized by multiple varieties and large quantity, and the total quantity of the straws generated by agricultural production activities is nearly 9 hundred million tons every year. Due to the change of rural labor force transfer and cultivation modes, the comprehensive utilization rate of the straws is low, most of the straws are burned on the spot or are thrown around and abandoned, the agricultural non-point source pollution problem and the environmental pollution problem generated by the straws are paid more and more attention, the government has successively issued a plurality of policies and a liability-asking mechanism to forbid the burning of the straws, and the comprehensive utilization technologies such as straw feed production and the like are greatly supported and popularized.
With the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the demands on the quantity and quality of livestock and poultry products are increased day by day, which also contributes to the unhealthy development of livestock and poultry breeding industry. In order to increase the yield of livestock and poultry and seek the maximization of benefits, farmers widely use feed additives and feed antibiotics. The abuse of feed additives and antibiotics not only reduces the meat quality of livestock and poultry, even harms the physical and psychological health of human beings, but also can cause the residues of additives such as antibiotics, heavy metals and the like in the livestock and poultry manure, and cause environmental problems such as non-point source pollution, water eutrophication caused by the discharge of the livestock and poultry manure and the like.
The development and use of the straw biological feed have profound influence on the comprehensive utilization of the straw and the realization of ecological breeding, and firstly, a large amount of straw can be consumed, so that a new way is found for efficiently utilizing the straw; secondly, the small-sized breeding specialized households, particularly poor households, can be helped to obtain considerable economic benefits; thirdly, the supply of healthy and safe meat can be increased to meet the market demand. And fourthly, the excrement and urine excreted by the livestock can be made into organic fertilizer to return to the field, and the organic fertilizer can replace part of chemical fertilizers, so that the requirement of chemical fertilizer reduction is met. The development of the straw biological feed is expected to form a novel industrial chain of 'straw collection and storage-feed processing and sale-cattle and sheep scale cultivation-healthy meat mass consumption' taking straws as links.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a straw feed preparation process based on silk rolling and fermentation equipment treatment, which has the advantages of simple process, low cost, extremely high extraction efficiency and great popularization and application values.
The invention provides a straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing straws, water, fermentation strains, a composite accelerant, an energy raw material, a protein raw material, salt and sugar;
s2, shredding the straws: crushing and kneading the straws into filaments by using a thread rolling machine, and obtaining straw filaments;
s3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into water in proportion, stirring thoroughly, and standing to obtain strain activating solution;
s4, preparing a nutrient solution: putting the composite accelerant into water according to a certain proportion, stirring and dissolving to obtain a nutrient solution;
s5, preparing a strain mixed solution: uniformly mixing the strain activation solution prepared by the step S3 and the nutrient solution prepared by the step S4 to prepare a strain mixed solution;
s6, high-temperature treatment: putting the straw shreds prepared in the S2, the energy raw material, the protein raw material and the salt into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating to 75-85 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, and kneading and stirring simultaneously;
s7, aerobic fermentation: cooling the material prepared in the step S6 to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, inoculating the material with the strain mixed liquid prepared in the step S5, and performing aerobic fermentation on the straw filaments in a fermentation machine to obtain primary straw feed;
s8, anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content and the temperature of the primary straw feed prepared in the S7, metering and weighing the primary straw feed, filling the primary straw feed into a sealed fermentation bag or container, and performing anaerobic fermentation at room temperature;
s9, preparing the finished product straw feed.
Preferably, the straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing 800-1000 parts by weight of straw, 1200-1500 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of fermentation strain, 1-3 parts by weight of composite accelerator, 30-60 parts by weight of energy raw material, 20-30 parts by weight of protein raw material, 20-50 parts by weight of salt and 10-20 parts by weight of sugar;
s2, shredding the straws: crushing and kneading straws by using a thread rolling machine, and processing the straws into threads to obtain 3-8 cm straw threads;
s3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into 20 parts by weight of water, fully stirring uniformly, and standing to obtain a strain activation solution;
s4, preparing a nutrient solution: adding the composite accelerant into 50-100 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a nutrient solution;
s5, preparing a strain mixed solution: mixing the strain activation solution prepared in the step S3 with the nutrient solution prepared in the step S4, and stirring to prepare a strain mixed solution;
s6, high-temperature treatment: putting the straw filaments prepared in the S2, the energy raw material, the protein raw material and the salt into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating to more than or equal to 75 ℃ and maintaining for more than or equal to 1 hour, and kneading and stirring simultaneously;
s7, aerobic fermentation: after the material prepared in the step S6 is cooled to 50-60 ℃, inoculating 10-20 parts by weight of strain mixed liquid prepared in the step S5, and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straw filaments in a fermentation machine for more than or equal to 4 hours to obtain primary straw feed;
s8, anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content of the primary straw feed prepared by S7 to be 60-65%, adjusting the temperature to be 40-45 ℃, metering and weighing, and filling into a sealed fermentation bag, wherein the room temperature anaerobic fermentation is more than or equal to 15 days;
s9, preparing the finished product straw feed.
Further, the fermentation strain comprises cellulose degradation bacteria, and the composite accelerant comprises one or more of growth factors, beneficial strains, health-care factors, trace element additives and pH value conditioners.
Further, the fermentation bag is an anaerobic breathing membrane feed fermentation bag.
Further, in steps S6, S7, and/or S8, the material is heated or cooled by hot or cold air, thereby achieving temperature adjustment.
Further, the energy raw material is corn flour and/or wheat flour; the protein raw material is soybean meal.
Further, in step S6, a nitrogen source is also added.
Further, the nitrogen source is urea.
Further, the thread rolling machine is a pulverizer with an L-shaped bending blade structure.
Furthermore, the fermentation machine is a modular fermentation machine which adopts hot air to heat and is provided with a circulating double stirring shaft.
The invention provides a straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation treatment equipment, which is characterized in that the crushing and thread rolling are carried out on straws through a thread rolling machine, so that the defects of the original process that the straws are cut short and cut but cannot be really beneficial to subsequent fermentation treatment are overcome, and the straws are more convenient to ferment and use.
Then, the composite type strain is put into the straw filaments, so that the straw filaments are degraded more quickly, the fermentation period is shortened, the safety, palatability and nutrition of the feed are improved, and the health-care function and the growth promoting effect are enhanced.
The anaerobic fermentation in bags is adopted, so that the fermentation and storage of the feed are more convenient, the shelf life is prolonged, the straw silage can be produced in large scale, the straw silage is transferred into a warehouse from a cellar, the warehouse volume is increased, and the warehouse volume is bulk-packed in small batches, so that the fermentation, storage, transportation, transaction, cultivation and feeding of the straw feed are greatly facilitated, the nutritive value and the digestibility of the straw feed are improved, the cellulose of the produced straw feed is reduced by more than 10%, the crude protein is improved by 5-8%, the dry matter digestibility is improved by 25%, and the feed intake of livestock is improved by more than 20% of daily gain.
The straw is crushed, kneaded and cured, a hard wax layer on the surface of the straw is damaged, fiber substances are easily decomposed, and the added high-efficiency flora is beneficial to the rapid decomposition and the release of nutrition of the straw, and can proliferate and propagate beneficial microorganisms in intestines and stomach of animals to improve the disease-resistant immunity of cattle and sheep.
The straws are broken into filaments by a thread rolling machine with a specific structure, and a dynamic fermentation process is formed by a fermentation machine with a specific structure, which is different from static fermentation in the anaerobic environment of the cellar.
The palatability is improved through kneading, and the softening of the straws is realized; the purification of the straws is realized through high-temperature sterilization; the straw is cured by high-temperature cooking.
By adding the composite type strain and the auxiliary materials thereof and introducing oxygen and stirring in the fermentation machine, the fermentation process is accelerated, and the straw feed is realized.
The technology is suitable for breeding herbivorous animals, in particular for breeding livestock such as cattle, sheep, geese and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a crusher according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the crushing mechanism of the crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the crushing blades of the crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a lower door panel of a discharge port of a material crushing bin of the crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a feed roller of the fermenter according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the fermentation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the mounting structure of the fermentation apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the left side and the right side of the structure description in the present specification are the left direction and the right direction in the drawings respectively.
The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the art, and any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, which do not affect the efficacy and attainment of the same are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship thereof may be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantial changes in the technical contents.
Example 1: a straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing 800 parts by weight of straws, 1200 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of fermentation strain, 1 part by weight of composite accelerant, 30 parts by weight of energy powder, such as starch staple food powder including corn flour, wheat flour and the like, 20 parts by weight of protein raw material, such as soybean meal, 20 parts by weight of nitrogen source, such as urea, 20 parts by weight of salt and 10 parts by weight of sugar, wherein the composite strain comprises aerobic cellulose degrading bacteria, and the composite accelerant comprises one or more of growth factors, beneficial strains, health-care factors, trace element additives and pH value conditioners; the beneficial bacterial species may also include thermophilic lactic acid bacteria and/or acetic acid bacteria.
S2, shredding the straws: crushing and kneading the straws into filaments by using a thread rolling machine, and processing the filaments into filaments so as to obtain 3cm straw filaments; the thread rolling machine can not only longitudinally cut and cut the straws, but also transversely rub the straws to break up the fibers of the straws, is convenient for subsequent fermentation, and is closely related to the special structure of the thread rolling machine.
S3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into 20 parts by weight of water, fully stirring uniformly, and standing for 1.5 hours to obtain a strain activating solution;
s4, preparing an auxiliary material solution, namely a nutrient solution: adding the composite accelerant into 50 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a nutrient solution;
s5, preparing a strain mixed solution: mixing the liquid, namely mixing and stirring the strain activation liquid prepared by the step S3 and the auxiliary material solution prepared by the step S4 to prepare a strain mixed liquid;
s6, high-temperature treatment and sterilization: putting the straw shreds prepared in the step S2, the staple food grain powder, the bean pulp, the urea and the salt into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating to 75 ℃ and maintaining for 2 hours, and simultaneously kneading, stirring and aerating;
s7, aerobic fermentation: blowing cold air or natural air, after the material prepared in the step S6 is cooled to 50 ℃, adding 10 parts by weight of strain mixed liquid into a fermentation machine, and fermenting the straw filaments in the fermentation machine for 6 hours to obtain primary straw feed;
s8, bagging for anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content of the primary straw feed prepared by the S7 to be 60% and the temperature to be 40 ℃, metering and weighing the primary straw feed, then putting the primary straw feed into an anaerobic breathing membrane feed fermentation bag, namely a fermentation bag, which is protected from light and anaerobic environment and isolated from air, and storing the feed for 15 days;
s9, weighing, bagging and preparing the finished straw feed.
Example 2: a straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing 1000 parts by weight of straws, 1500 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of fermentation strains, 3 parts by weight of composite accelerant, 60 parts by weight of staple food grain powder (starch energy raw materials such as corn flour and wheat flour), 30 parts by weight of soybean meal (protein raw material), 30 parts by weight of urea (nitrogen source), 50 parts by weight of salt and 20 parts by weight of sugar;
s2, shredding the straws: processing the straws into filaments by using a special thread rolling machine so as to obtain 8cm straw threads;
s3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into 20 parts by weight of water, fully stirring uniformly, and standing for 2 hours to obtain a strain activating solution;
s4, preparing an auxiliary material solution, namely a nutrient solution: adding the composite accelerant into 100 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain an auxiliary material solution;
s5, mixing liquid: mixing the strain activation solution prepared in the step S3 with the auxiliary material solution prepared in the step S4, and stirring to prepare a strain mixed solution;
s6, high-temperature treatment and sterilization: putting the straw shreds prepared in the step S2, salt, staple food grain powder, soybean meal and urea into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating to 85 ℃ through a hot air heating system, maintaining for 1.5 hours, and simultaneously kneading, stirring and introducing oxygen;
s7, aerobic fermentation: after the material prepared in the step S6 is naturally cooled to 50 ℃,20 parts by weight of strain mixed liquid is added into a fermentation machine, and the straw filaments are subjected to aerobic fermentation in the fermentation machine for 4 hours, so that primary straw feed is obtained;
s8, bagging and anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content of the primary straw feed prepared by the S7 to be 65% and the temperature to be 45 ℃, putting the primary straw feed into a sealed container in a dark and anaerobic environment, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 20 days at room temperature;
s9, weighing, and bagging to obtain the finished product.
Example 3: a straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing 900 parts by weight of straws, 1300 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of fermentation strains, 2 parts by weight of composite accelerant, 50 parts by weight of staple food grain powder (starch energy raw materials such as corn flour and wheat flour), 25 parts by weight of soybean meal (protein raw material), 25 parts by weight of urea (nitrogen source), 30 parts by weight of salt and 16 parts by weight of sugar;
s2, shredding the straws: processing the straws into filaments by using a special thread rolling machine so as to obtain 5cm straw threads;
s3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into 20 parts by weight of water, fully stirring uniformly, and standing for 3 hours to obtain a strain activating solution;
s4, preparing an auxiliary material solution, namely a nutrient solution: adding the composite accelerant into 80 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain an auxiliary material solution;
s5, mixing liquid: mixing the strain activation solution prepared in the step S3 with the auxiliary material solution prepared in the step S4, and stirring to prepare a strain mixed solution;
s6, high-temperature treatment and sterilization: putting the straw shreds prepared in the step S2, the staple food grain powder, the bean pulp, the urea and the salt into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating to 80 ℃ through a hot air heating system, maintaining for 1 hour, and simultaneously kneading, stirring and introducing oxygen;
s7, aerobic fermentation: after the material prepared in the step S6 is naturally cooled to 55 ℃, adding 15 parts by weight of strain mixed liquid into a fermentation machine, and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straw filaments in the fermentation machine for 12 hours to obtain primary straw feed;
s8, bagging and anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content of the primary straw feed prepared by the S7 to be 62% and the temperature to be 42 ℃, putting the primary straw feed into a fermentation bag in a dark and anaerobic environment, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 16 days at room temperature;
s9, weighing, and bagging to obtain the finished product.
The method improves the safety, palatability and trophism of the straw feed by filamentous re-fermentation of the straw, and enhances the health-care function and growth-promoting effect of the feed. The technology is suitable for breeding herbivorous animals, in particular for breeding livestock such as cattle, sheep, geese and the like, and the straw is more effective, convenient and easy to popularize and apply when being recycled and utilized.
The crusher applied to the straw feed preparation process comprises a machine table 1, a power set 2 fixed on the machine table 1, a feeding conveying mechanism 3, a feeding mechanism 4 and a thread rolling crushing mechanism 5 which are sequentially arranged on the machine table 1 from left to right, wherein the machine table 1 comprises a material crushing bin 11 with a feeding port and a discharging port, the thread rolling crushing mechanism 5 is arranged in the material crushing bin 11 and comprises a main shaft 51, a cutter set frame 52 fixed around the main shaft 51 and a plurality of crushing cutter sets fixed on the cutter set frame 52, blades 53 of the crushing cutter sets are of an L-shaped structure with bends, the bends 531 and fixed portions 532 form included angles of 90-150 degrees, and the bends 531 of the blades 53 of adjacent crushing cutter sets face oppositely.
The cutter set frame 52 comprises a plurality of circular positioning disks 521 perpendicular to the axis of the spindle 51 and a plurality of fixing shafts 522 corresponding to the number of the crushing cutter sets, a center hole for the spindle 51 to pass through is formed in the center of each positioning disk 521, shaft holes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and used for the fixing shafts 522 to pass through, and the positioning disks 521 are respectively and fixedly connected with the spindle 51 and the fixing shafts 522 through the center holes and the shaft holes.
The crushing cutter set is composed of blades 53 arranged at equal intervals along the axis of a fixed shaft 522, the bending parts 531 of the blades 53 in the same group in the crushing cutter sets face the same direction, the bending parts 531 of the blades 53 in adjacent groups face the opposite directions, a fixing part 532 of each blade 53 is provided with a positioning hole through which the fixed shaft 522 passes, the blades 53 are fixedly connected with the fixed shaft 522 through the positioning holes, and the blades 53 are parallel to the connecting line direction of the circle center of the positioning hole and the circle center of the center hole of the positioning disc.
As a preferable mode of this embodiment, an included angle between the bent portion of the blade 53 and the fixing portion 532 is 120 °, and a multi-section bushing is further disposed between the fixing portions 532 of the blade 53, and the bushing is fixedly sleeved on the fixing shaft 522.
Referring to fig. 4, the discharge port of the material crushing bin 11 is composed of a hinge-type upper door plate 111 and a lower door plate 112 capable of moving up and down, the upper door plate 111 is fixed with the shell of the material crushing bin 11 through a hinge, a waist-shaped hole 113 is formed in a door body of the lower door plate 112, and the lower door plate 112 is fixedly connected with the shell of the material crushing bin 11 through a bolt in the waist-shaped hole 113. The bolt is arranged at the upper end of the waist-shaped hole 113 and fixed by the nut, so that the discharge hole can be enlarged, the discharge speed is increased, and the working efficiency is improved; correspondingly, the bolt is arranged at the lower end of the waist-shaped hole 113 and fixed by the nut, so that the discharge hole can be reduced, the straw is crushed more fully, and the obtained straw particles are more broken.
The feeding and conveying mechanism 3 comprises a driving wheel 31, a driven wheel 32 and a conveying belt 33, the driving wheel 31 is arranged on the right side, the driven wheel 32 is arranged on the left side, and the feeding mechanism 4 comprises a feeding roller 41 which is arranged right above the driving wheel 31 and is rotationally fixed on the machine table 1.
Referring to fig. 5, the feeding roller 41 is a cylindrical structure, and the surface of the feeding roller 41 is provided with pressure plates 411 which are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction and extend in the radial direction, so that the pressure plates 411 can flatten the straws with large diameter or spread the straws with more uniform thickness, and the subsequent crushing process is more stable.
As another preferable mode of this embodiment, the connecting portion of the machine platform 1 and the feeding roller 41 is provided with a chute 12, the feeding mechanism 4 further includes two vertically opposite material spreading wheels disposed on the left side of the feeding roller 41, the upper material spreading wheel 42 is located above the conveying belt, the lower material spreading wheel 43 is located below the conveying belt, and the upper material spreading wheel 42 and the feeding roller 41 are connected by a chain. In the straw feeding process, the straws need to be uniformly spread by the upper spreading wheel 42 and the lower spreading wheel 43 which are arranged oppositely, if the conveying capacity of the straws is large, the feeding roller 41 can move upwards along the chute 12, and the situation that the feeding conveying mechanism 3 is blocked is avoided.
The power unit 2 comprises a motor I21 and a motor II 22, the motor I21 is connected with a driving wheel 31 of the feeding and conveying mechanism 3 through a chain, and the motor I21 is connected with a main shaft 51 of the thread rolling and crushing mechanism 5 through a chain.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the straws are placed on the conveying belt 33 of the feeding conveying mechanism 3, the driving wheel 31 drives the conveying belt 33 under the driving of the motor I21, the straws are conveyed to the position of the feeding roller 41 of the feeding mechanism 4, the straws enter the feeding hole of the material crushing bin 11 after being compressed and uniformly spread by the pressure plate 411, the main shaft 51 of the thread rolling crushing mechanism 5 drives the cutter group frame 52 to enable the crushing cutter group to rotate at a high speed to crush the straws under the driving of the motor II 22, and crushed straw particles are finally discharged from the discharging hole 111 of the material crushing bin 11 to obtain a finished product.
The L-shaped blades of the adjacent cutter sets of the crushing mechanism are reversely arranged, the traditional Y-shaped blades have the advantages of good crushing effect and high working efficiency, daily cleaning and maintenance are facilitated, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The whole structure adopts a filamentous bending knife type tearing mode, the material is crushed by one rotation of the grabbing roller feeding and the thin blade, and the sieve plate is not torn at one time.
And the inside sieve that is provided with of traditional breaker, it is porose above, the straw gets into from the hole, then is smashed by the blade, then sends out from the hole, and this kind of structure hole is blockked up easily, sometimes does not fully smash, can export after needing the broken many revolutions, and is inefficient, easy jam.
The technical scheme changes the sieve plate type multi-rotation crushing structure, avoids sieve plate isolation, can crush straws quickly no matter the straws are wet, dry, soft and hard, has high efficiency and quick crushing speed, can adjust the length of the output straw fragments by matching with the adjustment of the width of an outlet, and can reduce the discharge port to ensure that the straws are cut more fully in the material crushing bin when the straw particles needing to be crushed are reduced; if the straw particles after being crushed are larger, the discharge hole can be enlarged. Reasonable structure and better effect.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, for convenience of description, a direction in which the control module 95 and the hot air module 94 are located with respect to the stirring fermentation module 92 is defined as a left-right direction, and a direction in which the feeding module 91 and the discharging module 93 are located with respect to the stirring fermentation module 92 is defined as a front-back direction, of a fermentation machine applied to the above straw feeding preparation process. The fermentation machine comprises a feeding module 91, a stirring fermentation module 92, a discharging module 93, a hot air module 94 and a control module 95, wherein the feeding module 91, the stirring fermentation module 92, the discharging module 93 and the hot air module 94 are sequentially arranged, the hot air module 94 is used for heating the stirring fermentation module 92, the control module 95 is used for controlling the feeding module 91, the stirring fermentation module 92, the discharging module 93 and the hot air module 94, a power device installation area is arranged in the stirring fermentation module 92, is used for accommodating a cavity for stirring fermentation, is installed on an stirring mechanism in the accommodating cavity and is used for a heat conduction heat transfer structure, a feeding port 96 for connecting the feeding module 91 is further arranged in the stirring fermentation module 92, a discharging port for connecting the discharging module 93 is arranged, a hot air inlet 97 for.
In order to facilitate the stacking arrangement, the stirring fermentation module 92 is designed in a rectangular parallelepiped structure. According to the requirement of actual treatment of biomass waste, the fertilizer making machine can comprise one or more than one stirring fermentation modules 92, and the stirring fermentation modules 92 are arranged in an up-and-down stacking mode, a horizontal transverse mode or a combined up-and-down and horizontal mode.
The feeding port 96 of the stirring fermentation module 92 is arranged above the stirring fermentation module 92, the discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the stirring fermentation module 92, the stirring fermentation module 92 is vertically stacked, and the feeding port 96 of the stirring fermentation module 92 below corresponds to the discharging port of the stirring fermentation module 92 above. The stirring fermentation modules 92 are horizontally and transversely arranged, and the discharge port of each stirring fermentation module 92 is connected with the feed port 96 of the other stirring fermentation module 92 through a conveying module.
In order to facilitate the integrated operation, the fertilizer making machine further comprises a crushing module 99 which is arranged at the front end of the feeding module 91 and used for crushing biomass waste, and the crushed biomass waste is conveyed to the stirring fermentation module 92 by the feeding module 91.
The feeding module 91, the discharging module 93, the hot air module 94 and the control module 95 are arranged in a staggered mode according to different arrangement modes of the stirring fermentation module 92, and the device is reasonable in layout and convenient to operate by a user. Referring to fig. 1 to 2, three stirring fermentation modules 92 are stacked up and down and horizontally, the crushing module 99 and the feeding module 91 are sequentially arranged at the front side of the stirring fermentation module 92, the discharging module 93 is respectively located at the front side and the rear side of the two stirring fermentation modules 92 at the bottom, and the control module 95 and the hot air module 94 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the stirring fermentation module 92.
The feeding module 91, the stirring fermentation module 92, the discharging module 93, the hot air module 94 and the control module 95 can be mounted on the same base, and the base is fixed on an automobile compartment or a ship deck, so that the transportation is convenient, and the operation on each occasion is realized.
When the fermentation machine works, the biomass waste is uniformly stirred by the feeding module 91 to form a premix; the premix is put into a first stirring fermentation module for mixing, heated by a hot air module 94, and heated to 80-110 ℃ for sterilization treatment to form a first mixture; the first mixed material falls into a second stirring fermentation module to be mixed, is heated by a hot air module 94, and is heated to 50-60 ℃ to be fermented, so that a second mixed material is formed; and the second mixed material falls into a third stirring fermentation module for mixing, is heated by a hot air module 94, is heated to 35-45 ℃ for after-ripening treatment, and is output by a discharging module 93 for packaging, use or stacking treatment.
Further, the first stirring fermentation module, the second stirring fermentation module and the third stirring fermentation module are vertically stacked and horizontally arranged or vertically and horizontally combined, so that a tower-shaped, side-by-side or delta-shaped structure is formed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing straws, water, fermentation strains, a composite accelerant, an energy raw material, a protein raw material, salt and sugar, wherein the composite accelerant comprises one or more of growth factors, beneficial strains, health-care factors, trace element additives and pH value conditioners, and the energy raw material is corn flour and/or wheat flour;
s2, shredding the straws: crushing and kneading straws by using a thread rolling machine to obtain straw threads, wherein the thread rolling machine comprises a machine table (1), a power unit (2) fixed on the machine table (1), and a feeding conveying mechanism (3), a feeding mechanism and a thread rolling crushing mechanism (5) which are sequentially arranged on the machine table (1) from left to right, the machine table (1) comprises a material crushing bin (11) with a feeding port and a discharging port, the thread rolling crushing mechanism (5) is arranged in the material crushing bin (11) and comprises a main shaft (51), a cutter group frame (52) fixed around the main shaft (51) and a plurality of crushing cutter groups fixed on the cutter group frame (52), blades (53) of the crushing cutter groups are of an L-shaped structure with bends, the bend parts (531) form an included angle of 90-150 degrees with fixed parts (532), and the bend parts (531) of adjacent crushing cutter group blades (53) face opposite directions; the cutter set frame (52) comprises a plurality of circular positioning disks (521) perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft (51) and a plurality of fixing shafts (522) corresponding to the number of the crushing cutter sets, the center of each positioning disk (521) is provided with a central hole for the main shaft (51) to pass through and shaft holes which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and through which the fixing shafts (522) can pass, the positioning disks (521) are respectively and fixedly connected with the main shaft (51) and the fixing shafts (522) through the central holes and the shaft holes, each crushing cutter set comprises blades (53) which are arranged at equal intervals along the axis of the fixing shafts (522), the bending parts (531) of the blades (53) in the same group in the plurality of crushing cutter sets face the same direction, the bending parts (531) of the blades (53) in the adjacent groups face opposite directions, the fixing parts (532) of the blades (53) are provided with positioning holes through which the fixing shafts (522) can pass through, and the blades (53) are fixedly connected, the feeding mechanism further comprises two vertically opposite paving wheels arranged on the left side of the feeding roller (41), the upper paving wheel (42) is positioned above the conveying belt, the lower paving wheel (43) is positioned below the conveying belt, and the upper paving wheel (42) is connected with the feeding roller (41) through a chain;
s3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into water in proportion, stirring thoroughly, and standing to obtain strain activating solution;
s4, preparing a nutrient solution: putting the composite accelerant into water according to a certain proportion, stirring and dissolving to obtain a nutrient solution;
s5, preparing a strain mixed solution: uniformly mixing the strain activation solution prepared by the step S3 and the nutrient solution prepared by the step S4 to prepare a strain mixed solution;
s6, high-temperature treatment: putting the straw shreds prepared in the step S2, the energy raw material, the protein raw material and the salt into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating and maintaining for a period of time, and simultaneously kneading and stirring;
s7, aerobic fermentation: cooling the material prepared in the step S6 to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, inoculating the material with the strain mixed liquid prepared in the step S5, and performing aerobic fermentation on the straw filaments in a fermentation machine to obtain primary straw feed;
s8, anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content and the temperature of the primary straw feed prepared by the S7, metering and weighing the primary straw feed, and filling the primary straw feed into a sealed fermentation bag or container for anaerobic fermentation;
s9, preparing the finished product straw feed.
2. The straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing 800-1000 parts by weight of straw, 1200-1500 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of fermentation strain, 1-3 parts by weight of composite accelerator, 30-60 parts by weight of energy raw material, 20-30 parts by weight of protein raw material, 20-50 parts by weight of salt and 10-20 parts by weight of sugar;
s2, shredding the straws: crushing and kneading straws by using a thread rolling machine, and processing the straws into threads to obtain 3-8 cm straw threads;
s3, strain activation: putting the fermentation strain and sugar into 20 parts by weight of water, fully stirring uniformly, and standing to obtain a strain activation solution;
s4, preparing a nutrient solution: adding the composite accelerant into 50-100 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a nutrient solution;
s5, preparing a strain mixed solution: mixing the strain activation solution prepared in the step S3 with the nutrient solution prepared in the step S4, and stirring to prepare a strain mixed solution;
s6, high-temperature treatment: putting the straw filaments prepared in the S2, the energy raw material, the protein raw material and the salt into a fermentation machine, adding water, heating to more than or equal to 75 ℃ and maintaining for more than or equal to 1 hour, and kneading and stirring simultaneously;
s7, aerobic fermentation: after the material prepared in the step S6 is cooled to 50-60 ℃, inoculating 10-20 parts by weight of strain mixed liquid prepared in the step S5, and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straw filaments in a fermentation machine for more than or equal to 4 hours to obtain primary straw feed;
s8, anaerobic fermentation: controlling the water content of the primary straw feed prepared by S7 to be 60-65%, adjusting the temperature to be 40-45 ℃, metering and weighing, filling into a sealed fermentation bag, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for more than or equal to 15 days;
s9, preparing the finished product straw feed.
3. The process for preparing straw feed based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation strain comprises cellulose degrading bacteria.
4. The straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation bag is an anaerobic breathing membrane feed fermentation bag.
5. The process for preparing straw feed based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment processing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the steps S6, S7 and/or S8, the material is heated or cooled by hot wind or cold wind, so as to realize temperature adjustment.
6. The straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment processing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the protein raw material is soybean meal.
7. The process for preparing straw feed based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment processing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S6, a nitrogen source is further added.
8. The process for preparing straw feed based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment according to claim 7, wherein the nitrogen source is urea.
9. The straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation machine is a modular fermentation machine adopting hot air heating with a circulating double stirring shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610949421.8A CN106538835B (en) | 2016-11-01 | 2016-11-01 | Straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610949421.8A CN106538835B (en) | 2016-11-01 | 2016-11-01 | Straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106538835A CN106538835A (en) | 2017-03-29 |
| CN106538835B true CN106538835B (en) | 2020-04-03 |
Family
ID=58392534
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610949421.8A Active CN106538835B (en) | 2016-11-01 | 2016-11-01 | Straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106538835B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106554232B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2021-02-02 | 湖南碧野生物科技有限公司 | Process and equipment for preparing mushroom base material by using straws |
| CN110498263B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 杭州翼兔网络科技有限公司 | Full-automatic straw fermentation equipment |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2324768Y (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 1999-06-23 | 沈阳农业大学 | Miniature machine for making straw slivers |
| CN101690554A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2010-04-07 | 哈尔滨牛旺牧业管理有限公司 | Method of producing animal feed from straw |
| CN104529606A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-22 | 张秋萍 | Culture medium of agaricus bisporus, and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3871914B2 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2007-01-24 | 日立建機株式会社 | Tree crusher |
-
2016
- 2016-11-01 CN CN201610949421.8A patent/CN106538835B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2324768Y (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 1999-06-23 | 沈阳农业大学 | Miniature machine for making straw slivers |
| CN101690554A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2010-04-07 | 哈尔滨牛旺牧业管理有限公司 | Method of producing animal feed from straw |
| CN104529606A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-22 | 张秋萍 | Culture medium of agaricus bisporus, and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106538835A (en) | 2017-03-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102125166B (en) | Method and system for preparing restaurant-kitchen wastes into livestock and poultry feed | |
| CN103504151B (en) | Method for preparing insect feed with organic waste and insect feed | |
| CN104803723A (en) | Preparation process of ecological organic fertilizer | |
| CN102696865B (en) | Method for producing probiotic bacteria granular feed by fermenting corn straw with mixed strain | |
| CN106903131A (en) | A kind of kitchen garbage fermentation system, method and fermented feed | |
| US10582724B2 (en) | Equipment and method for producing fiber feed by using palm-processing by-products | |
| CN106538835B (en) | Straw feed preparation process based on thread rolling and fermentation equipment treatment | |
| CN103621785A (en) | Special daily ration for lean type growing-finishing pigs and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106858687A (en) | A kind of Se-enriched feedstuff production system, method and Se-enriched feedstuff | |
| CN102008011A (en) | Straw degradation process | |
| CN203196980U (en) | Harmless high-speed treatment device of organic wastes | |
| CN106554232B (en) | Process and equipment for preparing mushroom base material by using straws | |
| CN104397416A (en) | Lactobacillus straw powder biological feed and feeding method thereof | |
| CN107185635B (en) | A kind of dedicated crushing softening plant of the device of one-pass molding bacterium base | |
| CN210406973U (en) | Process system for preparing biological feed by utilizing vinasse | |
| CN107185670B (en) | A kind of filamentation tulwar formula crusher of stalk | |
| CN108142375B (en) | Method for ecological treatment and conversion utilization of organic garbage fermentation residues | |
| CN112754044B (en) | Duck and goose feed production system and method | |
| CN107410713A (en) | The preparation method of ox feed | |
| CN1621392A (en) | Automatic production line for organic fertilizer | |
| CN206994357U (en) | A kind of solid refuse separative element and Se-enriched feedstuff production system | |
| CN103719613A (en) | Special daily ration for lean brood sow and fabrication method thereof | |
| CN114009592A (en) | Method for fermenting honey to substitute feed | |
| CN112063501A (en) | Crop straw and pig raising wastewater mixed anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method | |
| CN111345403A (en) | Preparation method and preparation machine of potato residue and straw powder fermented cattle and sheep feed |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 410003 Hunan province Changsha Kaifu District, the provincial radio and Television Center yuan Bei Yuan Road No. 101 golden heart Applicant after: HUNAN BIYE BIOTECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: 417699 Hunan province Loudi city Xinhua County Economic Development Zone, three village Meishan Folk Culture Village 2 phase 2 Applicant before: Xinhua County Biye ecological agriculture science and Technology Co.,Ltd. Address after: 417699 Hunan province Loudi city Xinhua County Economic Development Zone, three village Meishan Folk Culture Village 2 phase 2 Applicant after: Xinhua County Biye ecological agriculture science and Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Biguiyuan Mizuki Chunhua No. 325 410106 Hunan Province, Xingsha City Road 1 Changsha Street No. 60 Applicant before: CHANGSHA BIYE ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |