CN106524674A - Agricultural drying system and drying process thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural drying system and a drying process thereof, which adopts the mode of circulating air supply and automatic dehumidification to dry materials, and has high heat utilization rate and high degree of automation. It includes a heating room and a drying room, a partition wall is set between the heating room and the drying room, a combustion furnace is installed in the heating room, an inlet fan and a return fan are installed on the partition wall, and a first The one-way opening louvers and the second one-way opening louvers correspond to the air inlet fan and the return air fan. The heating room is equipped with a pressure-regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door that can be opened and closed, and a third unit is installed on the side wall of the drying room. The shutters are opened one way and the door used for loading and unloading materials, and the third one-way shutters are used to make the air flow from the drying chamber to the outside in one direction under the action of pressure difference.

Description

Agricultural drying system and its drying process

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of drying equipment, in particular to an energy-saving, environment-friendly, multifunctional and fully automatic agricultural drying system and a drying process thereof.

Background technique

The central and western regions of my country are the main producing areas of commercial crops such as wolfberry, grapes, sunflower seeds, tobacco, and various dried fruits. The grains of these economic crops have just been collected and contain a lot of water, and need to be concentrated in the sun and fully dried before they can be transported, further processed or put into storage. At present, it is mainly done by natural drying. Due to the short period of sunshine and low temperature during the autumn and winter festivals in the central and western regions, especially in the late autumn, it is prone to rainy weather. The weather is low temperature and humid, and the autumn harvest time is relatively concentrated. Excessive time and insufficient space have caused the backlog of agricultural products to become moldy and deteriorated, resulting in high yields and poor harvests for farmers. The existing agricultural drying system has low heat utilization rate, uneven drying and cannot work automatically, and cannot meet the needs of the vast rural areas.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide an agricultural drying system and its drying process, which adopts the method of circulating air supply and automatic dehumidification to dry materials, has high heat utilization rate, high degree of automation, safety, reliability, energy saving, environmental protection and labor reduction. Advantages, it can be applied to drying operations of different kinds of materials.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

An agricultural drying system, comprising a heating room and a drying room, a partition wall is arranged between the heating room and the drying room, and a combustion furnace for providing heat to the heating room is installed in the heating room, An air intake fan and a return air fan are installed on the partition wall, the air intake fan is used to introduce the air in the heating chamber into the drying chamber, and the return air fan is used to introduce the air in the drying chamber into the heating chamber , the partition wall is respectively provided with a first one-way opening louver and a second one-way opening louver, the position of the first one-way opening louver corresponds to the air inlet fan, and is used to make the air flow under the action of the air inlet fan Flows from the heating chamber into the drying chamber in one direction, and the position of the second one-way opening louver corresponds to the return air fan, which is used to make the air flow into the heating chamber from the drying chamber in one direction under the action of the return air fan. The heating chamber is provided with an openable and closable pressure-regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door, and the side wall of the drying chamber is provided with a third one-way opening louver and a door for loading and unloading materials, and the third one-way opening The louvers are used to make the air flow from the drying room to the outside in one direction under the action of the pressure difference.

In order to keep the combustion furnace stably transferring heat to the heating chamber, the combustion furnace has a sandwich furnace wall for temperature control and heat transfer. The furnace wall includes an inner interlayer, an outer interlayer, and a The heat storage material in between, the inner interlayer is formed with a feed inlet and a combustion chamber, the upper end of the combustion chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe, and the smoke exhaust pipe extends upwards out of the heating chamber.

In order to maintain the circulating drying air volume in the heating room and the drying room, and to supplement the leaked air caused by the poor sealing of the agricultural drying system, preferably, an air supply duct is provided between the outer interlayer and the side wall of the heating room , the outer interlayer communicates with the atmosphere through the air supply duct, the air supply duct mouth is provided with an air supply fan, the outer interlayer is provided with ventilation holes, and the air supply fan supplies air to the heating chamber through the air supply duct and the ventilation holes .

In order to realize the fully automatic control of the drying system, preferably, a control system is also included. The control system includes a controller and an input terminal electrically connected to the controller, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and an actuator motor. Sensors, humidity sensors, and temperature sensors are installed in the drying chamber, the input end is used to set the drying process parameters, the executive motor is used to control the opening and closing of the pressure regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door, and the controller is connected with the air supply Fan, air inlet fan, and return air fan are electrically connected to uniformly control the start and stop of the air supply fan, air inlet fan, and return air fan, as well as the air supply volume of the air supply fan, air inlet fan, and return air fan.

In order to adjust the speed of the air inlet fan, return air fan, and air supply fan steplessly, the controller can adjust the drying parameters according to the drying process, and realize automatic control of the pressure difference between the heating chamber and the drying chamber, the drying chamber and the outside world. Preferably, the air inlet fan, the return air fan, and the air supply fan are all equipped with frequency conversion speed regulation devices.

In order to form an optimal circulating airflow in the drying chamber, preferably, the air intake fan is located at the lower part of the partition wall, and the return air fan is located at the upper part of the partition wall.

In order to reduce heat leakage, preferably, the heating chamber and the drying chamber are made of heat-insulating color steel plates.

In order to sterilize the surface of the drying chamber and the drying materials, preferably, a disinfection device is arranged in the drying chamber. Further preferably, the disinfection device is an ultraviolet disinfection device.

In order to achieve safe and reliable operation, preferably, the control system further includes an alarm device, which is electrically connected to the controller, and when the humidity in the drying room drops to the set humidity, the alarm device will alarm to indicate the end of the drying operation.

A drying process of an agricultural drying system. Materials are placed in a drying chamber, and then the drying chamber is closed and the door is opened. At this time, the first one-way opening shutter, the second one-way opening shutter, and the third one-way opening shutter are all in Closed under its own gravity;

Input the control parameters of the drying process into the input terminal of the control system, start the agricultural drying system, the control system starts the air supply fan, the air inlet fan and the return air fan according to the input control parameters, and the air inlet fan heats the heating chamber. The air from the drying chamber is sent to the drying chamber through the first one-way open shutter, and at the same time, the return air fan discharges the air in the drying chamber to the heating chamber according to the set pressure difference parameters, forming a continuous heating process from the heating chamber to the drying chamber. , drying circulating air; during this process, the pressure regulating and dehumidifying air intake door is always closed under the control of the control system; at the same time, the third one-way opening louver on the side wall of the drying chamber is still closed during this process state;

The temperature in the drying room keeps rising and the air humidity also keeps increasing. When the indoor humidity in the drying room reaches the set humidity, the pressure-regulating and dehumidifying inlet door opens, and the return air fan stops at the same time, and the exhaust air volume of the inlet fan increases. At this time, the second one-way opening shutter is in the closed state under the pressure difference between the heating chamber and the drying chamber and the gravity; at the same time, due to the increase of the air supply volume of the inlet fan and the stop of the return fan, the original circulating air flow is blocked. At this time, the air pressure in the drying chamber increases, and the third one-way shutter on the side wall of the drying chamber overcomes the gravity to open under the action of the atmospheric pressure difference between the drying chamber and the outside, and the indoor high-humidity air is discharged through the shutter to achieve exhaustion. At the same time, the pressure-regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door supplies new dry air to the drying room. When the humidity and temperature in the drying room drop to the set humidity and temperature, the pressure-regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door is closed, and the return air fan is started, and the drying room The pressure drops, the third one-way opening shutter closes, and the agricultural drying system enters the next round of heating and drying, and repeats this many times until the humidity in the drying room reaches the set humidity or the drying time reaches the set time, and the alarm device alarms , to end the drying operation.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

The present invention is a safe and efficient multi-functional automatic crop drying system, which greatly improves the drying and drying efficiency of crops; meanwhile, the fuel used in the present invention can be natural gas, coal gas, biogas and other gas fuels, as well as coal, raw Substances (such as crop straw, cattle, sheep and livestock manure, etc.), energy saving and environmental protection, simple structure, uniform drying, and good drying effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of basic constitution and main structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal and external interlayer structure of the combustion furnace in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition wall between the heating chamber and the drying chamber;

Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the working airflow cycle in the heating-drying process of the present invention;

Figure 4b is a schematic top view of Figure 4a;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the air flow route during the automatic dehumidification process of the present invention.

reference sign

In the attached drawings, I is a drying room, II is a heating room, and III is a drying room; 1 is a combustion furnace, 1-1 is a feed port, 1-2 is a combustion chamber, and 1-3 is a smoke exhaust channel; 2 is the interlayer furnace wall, 2-1 is the air supply fan, 2-2 is the air supply pipe, 2-3 is the outer interlayer; 3 is the air inlet fan; 4 is the return air fan; 5 is the partition wall, 5-1 5-2 is the second one-way shutter, 5-4 is the first one-way shutter; 6 is the third one-way shutter; 7 is a temperature sensor; 8 is a humidity sensor; 9 is a pressure sensor; 10 Open the door; 11 is the controller; 12 is the air inlet door for pressure regulation and dehumidification.

detailed description

See Figure 1-5. The main structure of the multi-functional, environment-friendly, energy-saving and fully automatic agricultural drying system is a drying room Ⅰ made of heat-insulating color steel plates. The drying room Ⅰ is divided into heating room Ⅱ and drying room Ⅲ by a partition wall 5. A combustion furnace 1 is arranged in the heat supply room II, and a sandwich type furnace wall 2 for temperature control and heat transfer is arranged on the outside of the combustion furnace, and the furnace wall 2 includes an inner interlayer, an outer interlayer and a High specific heat heat storage material between the interlayers, the inner interlayer is formed with a feed port 1-1 and a combustion chamber 1-2, the upper end of the combustion chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe 1-3, and the smoke exhaust pipe extends upward out of the heating room. An air supply duct 2-2 is arranged between the outer interlayer and the side wall of the heating chamber, and the outer interlayer communicates with the atmosphere through the air supply duct 2-2, and the air supply fan 2-1 is arranged at the mouth of the air supply duct. Ventilation holes are arranged on the outer interlayer, and the air supply fan supplies air to the heating chamber through the air supply pipe and the ventilation holes.

When working, the air supply fan 2-1 sends the outdoor air to the space between the combustion furnace 2 and the outer interlayer 2-3 through the air supply duct 2-2 with a certain air volume, and passes through the outer interlayer 2-3 after being heated by the combustion furnace. The cooling fins and ventilation holes on the top dissipate heat and hot air to the entire heating chamber II. The heating chamber II and the drying chamber III are separated by a partition wall 5, and a certain number of air inlet fans 3 and return air fans 4 are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides of the partition wall 5; 5 A first one-way opening louver 5-3 is installed at a position corresponding to the air inlet fan 3, and the opening direction of the first one-way opening louver 5-3 faces the drying chamber III; between the partition wall 5 and the A second one-way opening louver 5-2 is installed at the corresponding position of the return air blower 4, and the opening direction of the second one-way opening louver 5-2 faces the heating chamber II; it is convenient for maintenance of the combustion furnace, and the partition wall 5. Both sides are respectively provided with side doors 5-1. A temperature sensor 7, a humidity sensor 8, a pressure sensor 9, and an ultraviolet disinfection device are installed in the drying chamber III; a third one-way opening shutter 6 is arranged on both sides of the drying chamber III; There are 10 doors open. The agricultural drying system is provided with a control system. The front end of the heating chamber II is provided with a pressure-regulating and humidity-discharging air inlet door 12 .

The working process of this embodiment is as follows:

Heating process: the combustion furnace 1 in the heating chamber II can be a conventional coal-fired furnace or a gas stove. When the combustion furnace 1 is working, the feed port 1-1 is opened, and fresh Air and fuel are burned in the combustion chamber 1-2 through the feed port 1-1, and the smoke produced is discharged through the combustion furnace exhaust channel 1-3; the heat generated by the combustion furnace 1 is radiated to the interior through the combustion chamber 1-2. In the hollow space between the interlayer 1-1 and the outer interlayer 2-3, the air supply fan 2-1 sends the outdoor cold air to the hollow space between the inner interlayer 1-1 and the outer interlayer 2-3 through the air supply pipe 2-2. Space, the outer interlayer 2-3 is provided with cooling fins and ventilation holes, the above-mentioned air enters the heating chamber II through the ventilation holes of the outer interlayer 2-3 after being heated, and at the same time, the air generated by the combustion furnace 1 can also be radiated The heat is transmitted to the heat supply chamber II through the heat sink on the outer interlayer 2-3, which has the advantage of isolating the heat source from the dried items through the outer interlayer, which plays a role in temperature control and can well prevent the temperature from being too high. Scorching and other problems, the drying temperature is uniform, and the drying effect is good.

The combustion furnace can be coal-fired or gas-fired. For coal-fired stoves, the calorific value can be controlled by controlling the opening (air supply volume) of the feed port 1-1 through the control system; for gas-fired gas stoves, the calorific value can be controlled by controlling the gas supply volume.

Drying process of agricultural drying system:

Heating-drying-drying cycle process: during drying operation, the materials to be dried are placed in the drying chamber III according to certain optimal process parameters, and the side doors 5-1 on both sides of the partition wall 5 are closed at the same time and the drying process is completed. Open the door 10 of the chamber; at this time, all the one-way opening shutters are in the closed state under the action of the shutter's own gravity; when the combustion furnace is working, according to the drying process requirements of the drying materials, input the corresponding Drying process control parameters (temperature, humidity, pressure difference, heat preservation time, process control parameters such as pressure regulating and dehumidification inlet door 12 opening temperature, humidity, etc.), start the agricultural drying system, and the control system will start the supply according to the input control parameters. Air blower 2-1, air intake fan 3 and return air fan 4; air intake fan 3 sends the air heated in the heating chamber II to the drying chamber through the first one-way open shutter 5-4 with a certain amount of air supply At the same time, the return air fan 4 discharges the air in the drying chamber III to the heating chamber II with a certain air volume according to the set pressure difference parameter, thus forming a slave supply chamber as shown in Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b The circulating air flow from the hot chamber to the drying chamber is continuously "heating-drying"; during this process, the pressure-regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door 12 is always closed under the control of the control system 11; at the same time, during this process, the drying chamber III The third one-way open shutters 6 on both sides are still in the closed state (depending on the air supply volume of the air intake fan); in such a cycle process, the heat is fully recycled and the flow rate of the air in the drying room is greatly increased. Thus greatly providing the material moisture evaporation to speed up the drying of the material.

During this process, the temperature in the drying room III keeps rising and the air humidity also keeps increasing. When the indoor humidity in the drying room III reaches the set humidity, the pressure-regulating and dehumidifying inlet door 12 is opened, and the return air fan 4 stop, the exhaust air volume of the air inlet fan 3 increases, and the second one-way open shutter 5-2 is in a closed state under the pressure difference and gravity between the heating chamber II and the drying chamber III; The air supply volume of the fan 3 increases and the return fan 4 stops at the same time, the original circulation is cut off. At this time, the air pressure in the drying room III increases, and the third one-way opening shutters 6 on both sides of the drying room III are separated by the atmospheric pressure between the drying room and the outside. Under the influence of gravity, it is opened against the action of gravity, and the indoor high-humidity air is discharged through the louvers 6 to realize dehumidification. At the same time, the pressure-adjusting and dehumidifying inlet door 12 supplies new dry air to the drying room. The air flow at this time is as shown in Figure 5. Show. When the humidity and temperature in the drying room drop to the set humidity and temperature, the pressure-regulating and dehumidifying air inlet door 12 is closed, the return air fan 4 is started, the pressure in the drying room is reduced, the third one-way opening shutter 6 is closed, and the agricultural drying system enters The next round of heating and drying will be repeated in this way until the humidity in the drying room reaches the set humidity or the drying time reaches the set time, and the system will start to prompt and end the drying operation.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. In this embodiment, the drying chamber 11 can also be a private house for farmers to keep warm. The other technical features of this embodiment are the same as those of the previous embodiment and will not be repeated here.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of agricultural drying system, it is characterised in that include, for hot cell, drying chamber, setting between the confession hot cell and drying chamber Partition walls are equipped with, the heat supply indoor location has for the combustion furnace that heat is provided for hot cell, being provided with the partition walls Air intake blower fan and return air fan, the air intake blower fan for the air in heat supply room is introduced drying chamber, use by the return air fan Hot cell is supplied in drying indoor air is introduced, the first unidirectional shutter, second unidirectional opened in the partition walls, is respectively equipped with Shutter is opened, and the described first unidirectional position for opening shutter is corresponding with air intake blower fan, for air being made in air intake blower fan Drying chamber is flowed into unidirectionally from for hot cell under effect, the described second unidirectional position for opening shutter is corresponding with return air fan, is used for Air is unidirectionally flowed into from drying chamber in the presence of return air fan and supply hot cell, the confession hot cell is provided with pressure regulation row to be opened/closed Wet shutter, the side wall of the drying chamber are provided with the 3rd unidirectional unlatching shutter and the enabling for loading and unloading material, described 3rd unidirectional used in blinds of opening is in making air in the presence of pressure reduction from outside drying chamber single flow direction room；Described first unidirectionally opens Open shutter, second it is unidirectional open shutter, the 3rd unidirectional unlatching for opening shutter, close it is poor by shutter pressure at both sides Automatically control.

2. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the combustion furnace has and is provided with for controlling Temperature, the sandwich-type furnace wall of heat transfer, the furnace wall includes intraformational bed, outside sandwich and the storage being positioned between intraformational bed, outside sandwich Hot material, the intraformational bed form charging aperture, combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber upper end arranges smoke discharging pipe, the smoke discharging pipe to On extend and supply hot cell.

3. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the outside sandwich with for room side heat wall it Between be provided with air supply line, outside sandwich passes through air supply line and atmosphere, and the air supply line mouth arranges air feed blower fan, described outer Interlayer is provided with air vent, and the air feed blower fan supplements air to for hot cell by air supply line, air vent.

4. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also including control system, the control System includes controller and the input being electrically connected with the controller, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor, holds Row motor, the pressure sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor are arranged on drying interior, and the input is used to set Hot Air Dying Technology Parameters, the actuating motor are used to controlling the opening and closing of pressure regulation hydrofuge shutter, the controller and air feed blower fan, enter Wind blower fan, return air fan electrical connection, are uniformly controlled air feed blower fan, air intake blower fan, the start and stop of return air fan and air feed blower fan, enter The air output of wind blower fan, return air fan.

5. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the air intake blower fan, return air fan, confession Wind blower fan is equipped with RHVC.

6. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the control system also includes dress of reporting to the police Put, the warning device is electrically connected with the controller, when in baking room, humidity drops to setting humidity, warning device is reported to the police.

7. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the drying interior is provided with sterilization dress Put, the chlorination equipment is electrically connected with the controller.

8. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the air intake blower fan is located under partition walls Portion, the return air fan are located at partition walls top.

9. a kind of agricultural drying system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the confession hot cell, drying chamber using every Hot color steel is made.

10. a kind of stoving process of agricultural drying system, it is characterised in that

Material is positioned over into drying interior, drying chamber enabling is then shut off, now the first unidirectional unlatching shutter, second unidirectionally open Open shutter, the 3rd unidirectional shutter of opening to be closed under self gravitation effect,；

The control parameter of stoving process is input in the input of control system, starts agricultural drying system, control system according to The control parameter of input starts air feed blower fan, air intake blower fan and return air fan, and air intake blower fan is by the air for heating in hot cell The unidirectional shutters of opening of Jing first are sent to drying chamber, while return air fan will dry indoor air according to the pressure reduction parameter of setting It is displaced into and supplies hot cell, is formed from the circulating current for constantly heating to drying chamber for hot cell, drying；Pressure regulation hydrofuge in this process Shutter is constantly in closed mode under control of the control system；Meanwhile, the 3rd on the wall of drying chamber side in this process Unidirectional shutter of opening is still within closed mode；

Dry the continuous air humidity simultaneously that raises of indoor temperature to be also continuously increased, set wet when the indoor humidity of drying chamber reaches When spending, pressure regulation hydrofuge shutter is opened, while return air fan stops, air intake blower fan exhaust air rate increases, now the second unidirectional unlatching Shutter is closed under for the pressure reduction and Action of Gravity Field between hot cell and drying chamber；At the same time due to air intake wind Machine wind supply quantity increases return air fan simultaneously and stops, and circulating current originally is cut off, and the air pressure for now drying interior increases, drying The 3rd unidirectional shutter of opening on the wall of room side overcomes Action of Gravity Field to open under drying chamber with the effect of outer room atm difference, then room The air Jing shutters of interior high humility are discharged and realize hydrofuge, while pressure regulation hydrofuge shutter supplies new dry air to drying chamber, When drying indoor humidity, temperature drop to setting humidity, temperature, pressure regulation hydrofuge shutter is closed, and return air fan starts, and dries chamber pressure Power is reduced, and the 3rd unidirectional shutter of opening is closed, and agricultural drying system enters the intensification of next round and dries, and so on repeatedly, Until drying, indoor humidity reaches setting humidity or drying time reaches setting time, and warning device is reported to the police, and terminates drying operation.