CN106522983B - The method for preventing strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking - Google Patents
The method for preventing strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for preventing strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking, it is to be based on soft-rock tunnel pucking feature, and floor strata moisture content is measured first；Secondly construction bottom plate drilling, fills calcium lime powder, improves bottom plate lithology, and slip casting forms spud pile；Then, each spud pile is sequentially connected according to diamond shape arrangement, forms Floor Heave in Roadway and suppress body；Casting concrete finally is carried out to bottom plate.This method is by analyzing soft-rock tunnel law of deformation and breakage feature, not only allow for Floor Heave in Roadway mechanical mechanism, and consider tunnel Swelling of Soft Rocks Meeting with Water and cause the Physical Mechanism of pucking, so that strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking is controlled effectively, so as to reduce Floor Heave in Roadway treatment cost and the labor intensity of worker.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to well lane engineering, more particularly to the technical method of prevention rock Floor Heave in Roadway.
Background technology
In tunnel is dug, Floor Heave in Roadway is that a kind of common ore deposit pressure shows, and is especially dug in strong water swelling soft rock
Tunnel, pucking phenomenon are more prominent.After the reason for pucking is tunnel initating, country rock is changed into two to stress from triaxial stress state
State, under the multifactor collective effects such as the stress of primary rock, mining induced stress, water and bottom plate lithology, roadway floor country rock, which is presented, to be drawn
Destruction is stretched, and is buckled into tunnel and expansion forms pucking.Show that Floor Heave in Roadway accounts for roof to floor convergence according to a large amount of actual measurements
60%-70%, pucking main harm are to reduce drift section, influence transport, ventilation and pedestrian etc. in mine, or even because of tunnel
Pucking causes tunnel to scrap, the serious safe and efficient production for restricting mine.
At present, the control measure mainly taken for Floor Heave in Roadway problem have：Close metallic support, bottom plate anchor pole (rope) adds
Gu, roadside packing and joint-cutting etc., although these methods have certain control effect to Floor Heave in Roadway, due to above-mentioned pucking control
The mechanical mechanism that pucking only occurs from tunnel for method processed is controlled bottom plate, and control effect is limited, without considering lane
Influence of the road soft rock water swelling to pucking, thus control Floor Heave in Roadway effect poor, financial cost is high, and administers pucking work
Intensity is big.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201010225781.6 disclose it is a kind of for mine soft-rock tunnel bottom plate pucking administer
Construction method.Construction method is broadly divided into following two parts and carries out：The setting and construction of micro broken stone pipe note stake are carried out first,
Precipitation work is carried out at the same time, bottom plate cast is then carried out in secondary supporting.Its shortcoming is：Although this method can be in certain journey
Certain effect is obtained to control Floor Heave in Roadway on degree, among (1) is since water is contained in hole and crack more in bottom plate soft rock, extraction
Water it is relatively limited, expend man-hour, and contain partial moisture in grouting serous fluid, thus this method bottom plate soft rock is contained water management compared with
Difference, it is difficult to which preferable effect is played to the prevention of soft-rock tunnel pucking.(2) this method is not measured floor strata moisture content,
And not to start machine carry out draining when drilling water content and drilling hole amount quantified (i.e. due to containing between drilling and drilling
Water has certain difference, and drilling water content reaches that how many when can carry out draining, not illustrate), with the technical method
Carrying out bottom plate drilling draining has certain blindness.(3) this method does not consider the shadow to soft-rock tunnel bottom plate such as top plate water drenching
Ring, cause roadway floor drilling drainage to substantially reduce；(4) side that rubble is filled into drilling micro-pipe is used in this method
Method, improves bottom plate lithology, due to cemented together only by slurries between gravel particle, its cohesive force and compactness extent compared with
Small, the resistance to compression and shearing strength that the rubble formed can integrally carry are extremely limited, and soft-rock tunnel be mostly stope drift active workings or
Preparatory working, is a working face or multiple working face services, by the multiple rhegmagenesis of top plate and blows out the compound shadows of vibrations etc.
Ring, thus this method is poor to soft-rock tunnel pucking control effect.
The content of the invention
To make up the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, the present invention is based on strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking feature, it is proposed that a kind of
The method for preventing strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of method for preventing strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
The first step, is first according to the hydrological geological conditions of tunnel present position, is segmented and carries out moisture content to floor strata
Measure, classifies floor strata dilatancy according to moisture content；
Second step, drilling design：According to the moisture content of measure, calculate segmentation floor strata water content, according to water content and
Dilatancy is classified, and calculates drilling sum, an array pitch and the bore diameter of segmentation roadway floor, which is used for the life for filling water suction
Pulverized limestone and for slip casting formed spud pile, so drilling sum should at least meet to fill enough calcium lime powders, to reach bottom
Slate layer is without dilatancy requirement；
3rd step, roadway floor is backbreak, and is backbreak to the 250mm depth of projected depth, is formed new roadway floor；
4th step, drilling is arranged on new roadway floor, should be evenly arranged according to array pitch between design；
5th step, decentralization is covered with the steel pipe of micropore in hole after construction drill, the steel pipe as Grouting Pipe from now on, so as to
Form drilling spud pile；
6th step, in steel pipe and steel pipe in hole wall gap with filling calcium lime powder, after chemical reaction, consumes bottom plate rock
Moisture in layer, reduces floor strata moisture content, to improve bottom plate lithology, improves base plate strength；
7th step, through after a period of time, quick lime makes the reduction of floor strata moisture content with the reaction completely of drilling country rock water,
Slip casting is carried out by steel pipe according to traditional grouting method using grouting pump again, the pressure of grouting pump is controlled in the range of 3-4MPa,
When slip casting pump pressure reaches maximum controlling value, slip casting again in 2-3 minutes is needed to wait for, drilling spud pile is formed after grout cures；
The drilling spud pile of every row, is attached by the 8th step using steel band, then will be arranged the oblique pull between row using reinforcing bar and be connected
Connect, form diamond shape reinforcing bar web frame, so that all drilling spud piles are formed an entirety；Steel band and bar-mat reinforcement are required during connection
It is close to bottom plate scar；
9th step, is laid with concrete in roadway floor, buries steel band and bar-mat reinforcement, re-lay the calcium lime powder of 50mm thickness
And there is the double-layer plastic film of corrosion resistance and wearability on covering, to isolate to top plate water drenching etc., and prevent bottom plate rock
Layer is by air weathering；
Tenth step, casting concrete, makes roadway floor reach former design height on the plastic film.
Further, in the first step, the method for segmentation measure roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω is as follows：
To every section of tunnel, two or more drift section is taken, their floor strata moisture content is measured respectively, takes its average value
As this section of roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω；During measure, on the left of the bottom plate of drift section, middle part and right side bore vertically respectively
Core-drilling, claims three cores to weight in wet base；Drying and processing is carried out to three cores, its dry weight is measured, passes through weight in wet base and dry weight meter
The ratio between water content and core dry weight of core are calculated, draws each segmentation drift section floor rock moisture content ω1、ω2…ωn；
Average is asked for, is as segmented roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω=(ω1+ω2+…+ωn)/n。
In the first step, dilatancy is carried out to segmentation roadway floor rock stratum to be classified as follows：
If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω ＜ 20%, which is weak swelling soft-rock；If roadway floor rock
Layer 20%≤ω of moisture content ＜ 50%, then the segmentation tunnel is middle swelling soft-rock；If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω >=
50%, then the segmentation roadway floor rock stratum is strong swelling soft rock.
Further, in second step, borehole design method is as follows：
2.1st step：Determine to influence primary aqueous amount m in segmentation Floor Heave in Roadway rock stratum：
2.1.1 is walked：M containing water inventory in roadway floor rock stratum1
m1=b × c × h × p × ω/(1+ ω)
In formula, b is roadway floor width, and c is segmentation tunnel length, and h is pucking depth bounds, since roadway floor only exists
Pucking is more serious in h=3m depth boundses, and it is moisture content for segmentation roadway floor stratum density p, ω that h, which takes 3m, p, for this；
2.1.2 is walked：Assessment influences Floor Heave in Roadway primary aqueous total amount m
M=0.8 (m1/GRQD)
In formula, GRQDFor roadway floor quality of rock masses grade, which is determined by existing core quality index RQD；
0.8 is coefficient, according to the experience of current prevention pucking, it is believed that remove 80% of total moisture content in roadway floor rock stratum, you can reach
To the anti-influence harnessed the river to Floor Heave in Roadway；
2.2nd step：Determine the segmentation roadway floor spacing of wells, per row hole drilling number, bore diameter and drilling depth：
If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω ＜ 20%, it is 1.0m to take the bottom plate spacing of wells, and tunnel is per row hole drilling number n0
=[(b-1)/1], bore diameter takes d≤50mm；Drilling depth is 3000mm；
If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω >=20%, it is 0.8m to take the bottom plate spacing of wells, and tunnel is per row hole drilling number n0
=[(b-1)/0.8], bore diameter takes d >=100mm；Drilling depth is 3000mm.
2.3rd, segmentation roadway floor drilling sum N is determined：
N=[m/ (km0)]
M in above formula0For single borehole water content, m0=V0× p × ω/(1+ ω), V in formula0For the volume that drills, p is rock
Layer density, ω are segmentation roadway floor rock stratum moisture content；K for drilling the radius of influence in the range of country rock volume with drilling volume it
Than；
2.4th step, determine segmentation roadway floor drilling array pitch L：
L=[a/N1]
A is segmented tunnel length, N in formula1For segmentation roadway floor drilling array pitch number, N1=N/n0, N, n0Meaning is same as above.
Further, in the 5th step during construction drill, the drilling of tunnel both sides most edge deviates 15 ° laterally；
Further, in the 6th step, calcium lime powder loading should be 3 of country rock water content in the range of the drilling radius of influence
Times, and the calcium lime powder to being filled into drilling carries out compaction treatment；Because by chemical equation CaO+H2O=Ca (OH)2Can
Know, quick lime (CaO) and water (H2O) reaction molar ratio is 1 completely:1, quick lime relative molecular mass 56, water average molecular matter
Amount 18, so it is 56/18=3 to need the ratio between quick lime and water quality.
Determine filling calcium lime powder amount m in drilling2=3 × k × m0
K is country rock volume in drilling coverage and the ratio between the volume that drills in formula；m0For single borehole water content.
The present invention positive effect be：
1st, this method is combined by measuring roadway floor rock stratum moisture content with the roadway layout area hydrology and pucking feature
Method, segmentation division is carried out to tunnel, and guarantee is provided for targetedly prevention soft-rock tunnel pucking；
2nd, this method has considered the mechanical mechanism and Swelling of Soft Rocks Meeting with Water mechanism of soft-rock tunnel pucking, passes through measure point
Section roadway floor rock stratum moisture content, determines bottom plate bore arrangement mode and drilling specification；The life in steel pipe containing micropore is utilized at the same time
Lime carries out physical reaction with Drilling Water, and roadway floor lithology is improved, so that soft-rock tunnel pucking is effectively controlled
System.
3rd, compared with currently used Floor Heave in Roadway control method, this method had both realized what Floor Heave in Roadway was reinforced and harnessed the river
Purpose, and scientific design bottom plate bore arrangement mode and drilling specification, avoid and are drilled cloth by standard empirical method dominant Design
Put the blindness of mode.
4th, popularizing application prospect is wide, and with the increase of pit mining depth, roadway surrounding rock intensity is low, and underground water is larger,
And soft rock is met water electrode and easily expanded, Floor Heave in Roadway problem becomes increasingly conspicuous.Therefore, this method can be prevented for soft-rock tunnel pucking and provided by force
Strong technical support.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is roadway support sectional drawing；
Fig. 2 is roadway floor borehole pattern；
Fig. 3 is roadway floor drilling arrangement top view；
Fig. 4 is slip casting steel pipe.
Embodiment
Below by taking the auxiliary fortune crossheading of certain 311102 working face of ore deposit as an example, technical method is further illustrated.
The auxiliary fortune crossheading situation of certain 311102 working face of ore deposit is as follows：Stratum structural configuration is monoclinal structure where the tunnel,
3-1 is tunneled in coal seam, 1 ° -2 ° of seam inclination, coal seam average thickness 5.5m, and coal bed texture is stablized, and it is 1 that can adopt coefficient, and coal is thick to be become
Different coefficient is 3%, and coal seam directly top and direct bottom are respectively provided with thicker mud stone, and average thickness is respectively 12m and 13.5m, density p
=2400kg/m3, Dark grey, lamelliform.Drift section is rectangle, drift section size (wide × high) 5.5m × 4.0m, section
Area is 22.0m2, tunnel length 2500m.Tunnel carries out supporting using anchor rete cord：Top plate is using diameter of phi 20mm, length
The twisted steel anchor rod of 2200mm, array pitch 1000mm × 1000mm；Top plate anchor cable format diameter Φ 21.6mm, length 6200mm,
Between array pitch 1600mm × 3000mm；Lane side using diameter of phi 20mm, the twisted steel anchor rod of length 2200mm, an array pitch 1000mm ×
1000mm, roadway support section are as shown in Figure 1.During driving, base plate strength is low, meets water and easily expands, causes pucking amount larger, lane
Road deformation is serious, restricts mine safety production.For this reason, Floor Heave in Roadway need to be administered, to reduce roadway deformation amount, it is ensured that ore deposit
Well produces safe and efficient.
The method according to the invention, Specific construction step are as follows：
First step：
1st, tunnel is segmented：Shown by mine hydrogeology data, in the range of the roadway layout region and working face mining, bottom
Slate layer belongs to weak watery water-bearing layer, and nourishment condition is poor and water-bearing layer is relatively stable.Therefore, section length c=100m is taken, will
Length is a=2500m, and width is that the soft-rock tunnel of b=5.5m is equidistantly divided into 25 sections of tunnels.
2nd, segmentation measure roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω：
Since the roadway layout region water-bearing stratum hydrology is relatively stable, therefore only choose wherein 4 sections of tunnels (the 1st section of lane
Road, the 10th section of tunnel, the 15th section of tunnel and the 25th section of tunnel), its basal bed moisture content is measured respectively；During measure, at every section
Bottom plate left side, middle part and Right vertical are drilled to 3 drillings of projected depth at drift section, and coring is simultaneously weighed；Wherein drill
Diameter 150mm, drilling depth 3000mm；Drying and processing is carried out to the core that drills through, measures its dry weight, calculate rock moisture content with
The ratio between rock quality, obtains each drift section floor rock moisture content ω1、ω10、ω15、ω25；Seek 4 sections of moisture content average values
ω, according to calculating ω=(ω1+ω10+ω15+ω25)/4=0.9%.
3rd, dilatancy classification is carried out to segmentation roadway floor rock stratum：
If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω ＜ 20%, which is weak swelling soft-rock；If roadway floor rock
Layer 20%≤ω of moisture content ＜ 50%, then the segmentation tunnel is middle swelling soft-rock；If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω >=
50%, then the segmentation roadway floor rock stratum is strong swelling soft rock；
According to above-mentioned calculating ω=0.9%, which is weak swelling soft-rock, but due to being split in floor strata
It is stronger that gap more develops water absorbing capacity, and soft rock water suction is easy to expand.
Second step：Drilling design：According to the moisture content of measure, calculate segmentation roadway floor rock stratum water content, according to containing
Water and dilatancy classification, calculate drilling sum, an array pitch and the bore diameter of segmentation roadway floor, are averagely arranged in segmentation lane
On road bottom plate；The drilling is used for the calcium lime powder for filling water suction and forms spud pile for slip casting；Calculate as follows：
1st, determine to influence primary aqueous amount m in segmentation Floor Heave in Roadway rock stratum：
(1) m containing water inventory in roadway floor rock stratum1
m1=b × c × h × p × ω/(1+ ω)=5.5 × 100 × 3 × 2400 × 0.9%/(1+0.9%)=
35322kg。
In formula, b is roadway floor width, and c is segmentation tunnel length, and h is pucking depth bounds, since roadway floor only exists
Pucking is more serious in h=3m depth boundses, and it is segmentation roadway floor stratum density that h, which takes 3m, p, for this, and ω is moisture content；
(2) assessment influences Floor Heave in Roadway primary aqueous total amount m
M=0.8 (m1/GRQD)=0.8 × 35322/3=9419.2kg
In formula, GRQDFor roadway floor quality of rock masses grade, which is determined by core quality index RQD, determines method
It is as follows：Drill through length of constructing to roadway floor rock stratum for L=3000mm, and carry out coring, measure core length and be more than 100mm
Total length be L1=1890mm, can obtain rock quality designation RQD=[∑ L0(L0>=10)/L] × 100%=(1890/
3000) × 100%=63%, from current rock quality designation table 1,63% in the range of RQD=50-75, so tunnel
Floor strata credit rating GRQDTake 3；0.8 is coefficient, according to the experience of current prevention pucking, it is believed that remove roadway floor rock stratum
The 80% of middle total moisture content, you can reach the anti-influence harnessed the river to Floor Heave in Roadway,；
1 rock quality designation of table
| RQD | ＜ 25 | 25-50 | 50-75 | 75-90 | ＞ 90 |
| Rock quality describes | It is very poor | Difference | Generally | It is good | Very well |
| Grade | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ |
2nd, the segmentation roadway floor spacing of wells is determined, per row hole drilling number bore diameter and drilling depth：
(1) if roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω ＜ 20%, it is 1.0m to take the bottom plate spacing of wells, and tunnel is per row hole drilling number
n0=[(b-1)/1], bore diameter takes d≤200mm；Drilling depth is 3000mm；
(2) if roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω >=20%, it is 0.8m to take the bottom plate spacing of wells, and tunnel is per row hole drilling number
n0=[(b-1)/0.8], bore diameter takes d>200mm；Drilling depth is 3000mm, wherein tunnel both sides most edge drill to
Deviate 15 ° in outside；
By measuring the ＜ 20% of segmentation roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω=0.9%, thus take the bottom plate spacing of wells for 1.0m,
Bore diameter d=200mm, drilling depth 3000mm；Tunnel is per row hole drilling number n0=[(b-1)/1]=4 (a)；
Roadway floor drilling arrangement is as shown in Figure 2.
3rd, segmentation roadway floor drilling sum N is determined：
N=[m/ (km0)]
M in above formula0For single borehole water content, m0=V0× p × ω/(1+ ω), V in formula0For the volume that drills, p is rock
Layer density, ω are segmentation roadway floor rock stratum moisture content；So
m0=V0× p × ω=3.14 × 0.12× 3 × 2400 × 0.9%/(1+0.9%)=2.02Kg；
K is country rock volume in drilling coverage and the ratio between the volume that drills, and it is 342mm that scene, which measures the drilling radius of influence,
Therefore k=V/V0=Π × r2×h/(Π×(d/2)2× h)=11.7, k takes 11.7.
N=[m/ (km0)]=[9419.2/ (11.7 × 2.02)]=399
4th, segmentation roadway floor drilling array pitch L is determined：
L=a/N1,
A is segmented tunnel length, N in formula1For segmentation roadway floor drilling array pitch number, N1=N/n0, N, n0Meaning is same as above；
So N1=[399/4]=100, N1=[segmentation roadway floor drilling sum N/ is per row hole drilling number n0]=100, are segmented lane
Road bottom plate drilling array pitch L=[segmentation tunnel length a/ segmentation roadway floor drilling array pitch number Ns1]=1m, therefore between bottom plate drilling
Array pitch is 1000mm × 1000mm.
Third step：
Roadway floor is backbreak, backbreaks to the 250mm depth of projected depth, forms new roadway floor；
Four steps：
On new roadway floor drilling is evenly arranged according to array pitch between design；
5th step：
Drilling according to the drilling parameter and four steps arrangement of second step design is drilled using drilling machine construction, and construction is bored
Decentralization is covered with the steel pipe of micropore in hole behind hole, steel-tube construction as shown in figure 4, the steel pipe as Grouting Pipe from now on, so as to shape
Into drilling spud pile；
6th step, in steel pipe and steel pipe in hole wall gap with filling calcium lime powder, its loading, which should be drilling, to be influenced
3 times of country rock water content in radius, i.e., filling calcium lime powder amount is 70.9kg in drilling, and the life to being filled into drilling
Pulverized limestone carries out compaction treatment；Because by chemical equation CaO+H2O=Ca (OH)2Understand, quick lime (CaO) and water (H2O it is) complete
Full response molar ratio is 1:1, quick lime relative molecular mass 56, water relative molecular mass 18, so needing quick lime and water quality
The ratio between be 56/18=3.
Filling calcium lime powder amount m in drilling2：m2=3 × k × m0=3 × 11.7 × 2.02=70.9kg
K is country rock volume in drilling coverage and the ratio between the volume that drills in formula；m0For single borehole water content.
In addition, compaction treatment is carried out to the calcium lime powder in filling drilling.After chemical reaction, it can consume in floor strata
Moisture, reduce floor strata moisture content, to improve bottom plate lithology, so as to improve base plate strength.
7th step：
Through after a period of time, quick lime makes the reduction of floor strata moisture content with the reaction completely of drilling country rock water, then uses
Grouting pump carries out slip casting according to traditional grouting method by steel pipe, and the pressure of grouting pump is controlled in the range of 3-4MPa, works as slip casting
When pump pressure reaches maximum controlling value, slip casting again in 2-3 minutes is needed to wait for, drilling spud pile 1 is formed after grout cures；
8th step：
The drilling spud pile 1 of every row is attached using steel band 3, then the oblique pull between row will be arranged using reinforcing bar and connected, shape
2 structure of diamondwise bar-mat reinforcement, so that all drilling spud piles are formed an entirety；Require steel band 3 and bar-mat reinforcement 2 tight during connection
Paste bottom plate scar；As shown in Figure 3；
9th step：
Concrete is laid with roadway floor, steel band 3 and bar-mat reinforcement 2 is buried, re-lays the calcium lime powder of 50mm thickness and cover
Cover the double-layer plastic film with corrosion resistance and wearability, to isolate to top plate water drenching etc., and prevent floor strata by
Air weathering；
Tenth step：
Casting concrete on the plastic film, makes roadway floor reach former design height；Live boring and coring and monitoring show：
Roadway floor rock stratum dilatancy and intensity are greatly improved, pucking deformation be controlled effectively, it is ensured that tunnel it is steady
It is fixed.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. method for preventing strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking, it is characterised in that step is as follows：The first step, is first according to the hydrological geological conditions of tunnel present position, is segmented the measure that moisture content is carried out to floor strata, Classified according to moisture content to floor strata dilatancy；Second step, drilling design：According to the moisture content of measure, segmentation floor strata water content is calculated, according to water content and expansion Property classification, calculate drilling sum, an array pitch and the bore diameter of segmentation roadway floor, which is used for the quick lime for filling water suction Powder and for slip casting formed spud pile, so drilling sum should at least meet to fill enough calcium lime powders, to reach bottom plate rock Layer is without dilatancy requirement；3rd step, roadway floor is backbreak, and is backbreak to the 250mm depth of projected depth, is formed new roadway floor；4th step, drilling is arranged on new roadway floor, should be evenly arranged according to array pitch between design；5th step, decentralization is covered with the steel pipe of micropore in hole after construction drill, and the steel pipe is as Grouting Pipe from now on, to be formed Drill spud pile；6th step, in steel pipe and steel pipe in hole wall gap with filling calcium lime powder, after chemical reaction, consumes in floor strata Moisture, reduce floor strata moisture content, to improve bottom plate lithology, improve base plate strength；7th step, through after a period of time, quick lime makes the reduction of floor strata moisture content with the reaction completely of drilling country rock water, then adopts Slip casting is carried out by steel pipe according to traditional grouting method with grouting pump, the pressure of grouting pump is controlled in the range of 3-4MPa, works as note When slurry pump pressure reaches maximum controlling value, slip casting again in 2-3 minutes is needed to wait for, drilling spud pile is formed after grout cures；The drilling spud pile of every row, is attached by the 8th step using steel band, then will be arranged the oblique pull between row using reinforcing bar and be connected, shape Diamondwise reinforcing bar web frame, so that all drilling spud piles are formed an entirety；Steel band is required to be close to bar-mat reinforcement during connection Bottom plate scar；9th step, is laid with concrete in roadway floor, buries steel band and bar-mat reinforcement, re-lay the calcium lime powder of 50mm thickness and cover The double-layer plastic film with corrosion resistance and wearability is covered, to isolate to top plate water drenching, and prevents floor strata by sky Gas weathering；Tenth step, casting concrete, makes roadway floor reach former design height on the plastic film.
- 2. the method for strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in thatIn the first step, the method for segmentation measure roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω is as follows：To every section of tunnel, two or more drift section is taken, measures their floor strata moisture content respectively, takes its average value conduct This section of roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω；During measure, on the left of the bottom plate of drift section, middle part and right side bore vertically drill through respectively Core, claims three cores to weight in wet base；Drying and processing is carried out to three cores, measures its dry weight, rock is calculated by weight in wet base and dry weight The ratio between the water content of core and core dry weight, draw each segmentation drift section floor strata moisture content ω1、ω2…ωn；Ask for Average, as segmentation roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω=（ω1+ω2+…+ωn）/n.
- 3. the method for strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the first step, It is as follows that dilatancy sorting technique is carried out to segmentation roadway floor rock stratum：If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω ＜ 20%, which is weak swelling soft-rock；If roadway floor rock stratum is aqueous 20%≤ω of rate ＜ 50%, then the segmentation tunnel is middle swelling soft-rock；If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω >=50%, this point Section roadway floor rock stratum is strong swelling soft rock.
- 4. the method for strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in second step In, borehole design method is as follows：2.1st step：Determine to influence primary aqueous amount m in segmentation Floor Heave in Roadway rock stratum：2.1.1 is walked：M containing water inventory in roadway floor rock stratum1m1= b×c×h×p×ω/（1+ω）In formula, b is roadway floor width, and c is segmentation tunnel length, and h is pucking depth bounds, since roadway floor is only in h=3m Pucking is more serious in depth bounds, and h takes 3m for this,pTo be segmented roadway floor stratum density, ω is moisture content；2.1.2 is walked：Assessment influences Floor Heave in Roadway primary aqueous total amount mm=0.8（m1/GRQD）In formula, GRQDFor roadway floor quality of rock masses grade, which is determined by existing core quality index RQD；0.8 is Coefficient, according to the experience of current prevention pucking, it is believed that remove 80% of total moisture content in roadway floor rock stratum, you can reach prevention Influence of the water to Floor Heave in Roadway；2.2nd step：Determine the segmentation roadway floor spacing of wells, per row hole drilling number, bore diameter and drilling depth：If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω ＜ 20%, it is 1.0m to take the bottom plate spacing of wells, and tunnel is per row hole drilling number n0=[（b- 1）/ 1], bore diameter takes d≤50mm；Drilling depth is 3000mm；If roadway floor rock stratum moisture content ω >=20%, it is 0.8m to take the bottom plate spacing of wells, and tunnel is per row hole drilling number n0=[（b- 1）/ 0.8], bore diameter takes d >=100mm；Drilling depth is 3000mm；2.3rd, segmentation roadway floor drilling sum N is determined：N= [m/(km0)]M in above formula0For single borehole water content, m0=V0×p× ω/(1+ ω), V in formula0For drill volume,pFor stratum density, ω is segmentation roadway floor rock stratum moisture content；K is country rock volume in the range of the drilling radius of influence and the ratio between the volume that drills；2.4th step, determine segmentation roadway floor drilling array pitch L：L=[a/ N1]In formulaaIt is segmented tunnel length, N1For segmentation roadway floor drilling number of rows, N1=N/ n0, N, n0Meaning is same as above.
- 5. the method for strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the 5th step During construction drill, the drilling of tunnel both sides most edge deviates 15 ° laterally.
- 6. the method for strong water swelling soft-rock tunnel pucking is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the 6th step In, calcium lime powder loading m2It should be 3 times of country rock water content in the range of the drilling radius of influence, and the life to being filled into drilling Pulverized limestone carries out compaction treatment；I.e.：Filling calcium lime powder amount m in drilling2=3×k×m0 ；In formula：K is country rock volume in drilling coverage and the ratio between the volume that drills, m0For single borehole water content.
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