CN106517988A - 一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,便于砌筑并可在砌块的长度方向和宽度方向均具有良好的保温效果,其包括承重块体、防护块体及夹设在承重块体和防护块体之间的拉结件和保温块体;承重块体上设有腰型孔及两组在腰型孔长轴方向两侧的条孔组,每组条孔组的两端分别相对腰型孔的短轴方向两端凸出设置;两条面上设有相互配合的第一凸块和第一插槽,且第一插槽侧壁上间设有多个第一排泥孔;承重块体上间隔设置有两个第一燕尾槽,防护块体上设有第二燕尾槽,拉结件适配插设在第二燕尾槽和两个第一燕尾槽内而连接承重块体和防护块体,保温块体注塑设置在承重块体和防护块体之间并包覆拉结件。同时本发明还提供上述复合砌块的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑砌块技术领域,特别是涉及一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的建筑用砖一般为粘土砖,由粘土制坯入窑后用煤炭焙烧而成,一方面粘土属于我国稀缺资源,另一方面生产大量粘土砖势必破坏大量的农田和消耗较多的煤炭能源。而工业废料煤矸石是采煤过程和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物,是一种在成煤过程中与煤层伴生的一种含碳量较低、比煤坚硬的黑灰色岩石,包括巷道掘进过程中的掘进矸石、采掘过程中从顶板、底板及夹层里采出的矸石以及洗煤过程中挑出的洗矸石。通常工业废料煤矸石堆积如山,既占用放置空间也污染环境,为此人们开发出利用煤矸石来制作建筑用砖,利用煤矸石进行制造建筑材料,代替粘土来作为砖原来,可以少挖良田,烧砖时,利用煤矸石本身的可燃物,可以节约煤炭。但是目前的煤矸石烧结空心砖在进行建筑物砌筑的时候,由于空心砖之间的间隙十分的紧密,在通过水泥沙子等粘结剂将两块空心砖进行砌筑的时候,粘结剂会在间隙之间进行大量的堆积,需要操作工人将多余的粘结剂刮掉。另外,由于孔洞的分布方式不尽合理,使砖体在长度上保温性能较低。
发明内容
为克服现有技术存在的技术缺陷,本发明提供一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,便于砌筑并可在砌块的长度方向和宽度方向均具有良好的保温效果。
本发明采用的技术解决方案是:
一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,包括承重块体、防护块体及夹设在承重块体和防护块体之间的拉结件和保温块体;所述承重块体具有两两相对的顶面、大面和条面,两顶面之间垂直贯通设有一个长轴方向垂直于两条面的腰型孔及两组对称设置在腰型孔长轴方向两侧的条孔组,每组条孔组的两端分别相对腰型孔的短轴方向两端凸出设置;朝向防护块体的大面上间隔设置有两个第一燕尾槽;其中一个条面上设有第一凸块,另外一个条面上对应设置有与第一凸块相配合的第一插槽,且所述第一插槽远离防护块体的侧壁上间隔设置有多个第一排泥孔;所述防护块体朝向承重块体的侧面上设有第二燕尾槽,所述第二燕尾槽对应位于两个第一燕尾槽之间,所述拉结件适配插设在第二燕尾槽和两个第一燕尾槽内而连接承重块体和防护块体;所述保温块体注塑设置在承重块体和防护块体之间并包覆所述拉结件。
优选地,所述保温块体由聚苯乙烯颗粒注塑发泡而成。
优选地,所述承重块体由如下重量份数原料组成:煤矸石40~50份;高炉渣3~4份;粉煤灰20~25份;硅酸钠0.5~1.0份;硅酸盐水泥熟料10~15份;水琉璃2~3份;松香酸钠0.3~0.5份;三聚磷酸钠0.3~0.5份;塑化剂5~10份及适量水。
优选地,所述塑化剂为矿物原料、有机成分和水按照(0.5~1)∶(0.1~0.5)∶4的质量比混合后研磨0.5h~2h制成,其中矿物原料为蒙皂石、累托石、绿泥石、海泡石和坡缕石中的一种或几种,有机成分为邻苯二甲酸酯类、脂肪酸酯类、烷基磺酸酯类、烷基苯磺酸酯和多元醇酯类中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述防护块体由如下重量份数原料制成:煤矸石30~35份、普通硅酸盐水泥10~12份、明矾石粉1~1.2份、焦磷酸钠1~1.5份、乳化沥青3~5份、浓度为3%的甲基硅酸钾0.8~1份、石灰石15~18份、膨胀玻化微珠9~13份、粘土20~24份、增效剂15~18份以及适量水。
优选地,所述增效剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成:硬脂酸钙1~2份、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶黏剂1~1.5份、普通水泥4~6份、聚苯泡沫颗粒3~5份、苎麻纤维10~12份、棕榈皮9~11份、玉米芯13~15份、落叶5~7份、竹炭3~5份、可再分散乳胶粉2~3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1~2份、水15~20份。
优选地,所述防护块体的一侧设有第二凸块,另一侧对应设置有与第二凸块相配合的第二插槽。
优选地,每组所述条孔组由四个呈2*2矩阵排列的第一孔体和一个居中设置在四个第一孔体所在矩阵中心处的第二孔体组成,所述第二孔体为长轴方向垂直于两大面的椭圆孔。
本发明还提供一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块的制备方法,包括如下具体步骤:
1)承重块体的制备:将经粉碎、混合搅拌和陈化完成后的承重混合浆料送入真空挤砖机,经真空挤砖机的口模挤出成型具有腰型孔、条孔组、第一凸块和第一插槽的空心砖坯,控制水分为14%~16%,挤出压力为100Pa~150Pa,然后通过自动切坯机切割成大小均匀带有第一排泥孔的砖坯,通过自动码坯机放在窑车上,干燥至坯体含水率降到5%以下后进窑焙烧,焙烧温度是1000~1100℃,焙烧时间为30~40分钟;
2)防护块体的制备:将经粉碎和混合搅拌均匀的防护混合浆料送入液压制砖机压制成型,成型压力控制在为20MPa~25MPa,然后在30℃~50℃养护10~24小时,最后脱模,将成型后的产品放在室温下保湿养护28小时;
3)在步骤1)制得的承重块体和步骤2)制得的防护块体之间放入所述拉结件,所述拉结件的三个端部分别插设于承重块体上的两个第一燕尾槽和防护块体上的第二燕尾槽内,固定好后通过注塑机将呈粘流态的保温材料注射入承重块体和防护块体之间,固化成型。
优选地,所述自动切坯机包括与真空挤出机输出端相接的输送平台、位于输送平台宽度方向一侧的液压推进装置、以及位于输送平台宽度方向另一侧的切坯装置和打孔装置,所述切坯装置靠近分坯机的一侧延伸设置有缓冲台,所述打孔装置设置在缓冲台边缘的下方并由液压升降机构控制向上打孔或向下缩放。
本发明的有益效果:
1.由于在承重块体和防护块体之间夹设有保温块体,通过该保温块体在内侧的承重块体与外侧的防护块体之间构成一可阻断热量传导的隔热带层,从而赋予本发明复合砌块在宽度方向上的良好保温性能;又由于承重块体的两顶面之间垂直贯通设有一个腰型孔和两组条孔组,每组条孔组的两端分别相对腰型孔短轴方向两端凸出设置,从而使得本发明复合砌块在长度方向上的热传导路径由传统的直线优化为曲折线,延长复合砌块长度方向上的热传导距离,赋予复合砌块长度方向上良好的保温性能。
2.由于在承重块体和防护块体的相向面上设有燕尾槽,拉结件插设于燕尾槽内而将承重块体和防护块体有效良性连接在一起,可避免承重块体和防护块体脱离,与保温块体配合增强承重块体和防护块体之间的连接强度。
3.由于在承重块体的两条面上设有相互配合的第一凸块和第一插槽,防护块体两侧设有相互配合的第二凸块和第二插槽,第一插槽的侧壁上还设有第一排泥孔,通过第一凸块与第一插槽的配合以及第二凸块与第二插槽的配合实现横向相邻两个复合砌块之间的砌筑对位更加方便快捷且增强连接强度,并在砌筑的时候通过第一排泥孔将多余的粘结剂排出,减少了人工操作并降低施工人员对粘结剂量的掌握难度,提高砌筑效率。
4.本发明的承重块体和防护块体均可利用煤矸石、粉煤灰、高炉渣等制备而成,原料来源广、将煤矸石变废为宝、节约土地资源、消除煤矸石的污染、使用范围广、符合国家相关环保政策要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明复合砌块结构示意图。
图2为本发明切坯机俯视图。
图3为本发明切坯机主视图。
附图标记说明:
10、承重块体;11、腰型孔;12、条孔组;121、第一孔体;122、第二孔体;13、第一燕尾槽;14、第一凸块;15、第一插槽;16、第一排泥孔;20、防护块体;21、第二燕尾槽;22、第二凸块;23、第二插槽;30、保温块体;40、拉结件;50、自动切坯机;51、输送平台;52、液压推进装置;53、切坯装置;54、打孔装置;55、缓冲台。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,包括承重块体10、防护块体20及夹设在承重块体10和防护块体20之间的拉结件40和保温块体30。
在本实施例中,所述承重块体10具有两两相对的顶面、大面和条面,两顶面之间垂直贯通设有一个长轴方向垂直于两条面的腰型孔11及两组对称设置在腰型孔11长轴方向两侧的条孔组12,每组条孔组12的两端分别相对腰型孔11的短轴方向两端凸出设置。每组所述条孔组12由四个呈2*2矩阵排列的第一孔体121和一个居中设置在四个第一孔体121所在矩阵中心处的第二孔体122组成。优选地所述第一孔体121为方孔或圆孔,所述第二孔体122为长轴方向垂直于两大面的椭圆孔。
在本实施例中,所述承重块体10的朝向防护块体20的大面上间隔设置有两个第一燕尾槽13,所述防护块体20朝向承重块体10的侧面上设有第二燕尾槽21,所述第二燕尾槽21对应位于两个第一燕尾槽13之间,所述拉结件40适配插设在第二燕尾槽21和两个第一燕尾槽13内而连接承重块体10和防护块体20,所述保温块体30注塑设置在承重块体10和防护块体20之间并包覆所述拉结件40,所述保温块体30由聚苯乙烯颗粒注塑发泡而成。
在本实施例中,所述承重块体10的其中一个条面上设有第一凸块14,另外一个条面上对应设置有与第一凸块14相配合的第一插槽15,且所述第一插槽15远离防护块体20的侧壁上间隔设置有多个第一排泥孔16,所述第一排泥孔16沿复合砌块的高度方向间隔设置。所述防护块体20的一侧设有第二凸块22,另一侧对应设置有与第二凸块22相配合的第二插槽23,优选地所述第一凸块14和第二凸块22的横截面形状均呈平行短边朝外的等腰梯形。本实施例通过第一凸块14与第一插槽15的配合以及第二凸块22与第二插槽23的配合实现横向相邻两个复合砌块之间的砌筑对位更加方便快捷且增强连接强度,并在砌筑的时候通过第一排泥孔16将多余的粘结剂排出,减少了人工操作并降低施工人员对粘结剂量的掌握难度,提高了砌筑的效率。
在本实施例中,所述承重块体10由如下重量份数原料组成:煤矸石40~50份;高炉渣3~4份;粉煤灰20~25份;硅酸钠0.5~1.0份;硅酸盐水泥熟料10~15份;水琉璃2~3份;松香酸钠0.3~0.5份;三聚磷酸钠0.3~0.5份;塑化剂5~10份及适量水。其中,所述塑化剂为矿物原料、有机成分和水按照(0.5~1)∶(0.1~0.5)∶4的质量比混合后研磨0.5h~2h制成,其中矿物原料为蒙皂石、累托石、绿泥石、海泡石和坡缕石中的一种或几种,有机成分为邻苯二甲酸酯类、脂肪酸酯类、烷基磺酸酯类、烷基苯磺酸酯和多元醇酯类中的一种或几种。本实施例承重块体10将煤矸石、粉煤灰、高炉渣及塑化剂、松香酸钠和三聚磷酸钠充分混合,提高塑性指数,使得坯体更加致密,各种物料的均匀分散性能、反应速度、反应能力明显增强,改善了干燥时开裂等现象,从而提高了砖体的耐久性,并通过添加与硅酸钠混合球磨后的粉煤灰,颗粒度变小,强度增加,并且在高温高压和水的作用下反应,本实施例会产生具有凝胶性质的水合产物CSH和CAH,并转化成稳定的、分布均匀的托贝莫来石等高强度产物,其强度超过国家标注值,具有很强的承重强度。
在本实施例中,所述防护块体20由如下重量份数原料制成:煤矸石30~35份、普通硅酸盐水泥10~12份、明矾石粉1~1.2份、焦磷酸钠1~1.5份、乳化沥青3~5份、浓度为3%的甲基硅酸钾0.8~1份、石灰石15~18份、膨胀玻化微珠9~13份、粘土20~24份、增效剂15~18份以及适量水。其中,所述增效剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成:硬脂酸钙1~2份、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶黏剂1~1.5份、普通水泥4~6份、聚苯泡沫颗粒3~5份、苎麻纤维10~12份、棕榈皮9~11份、玉米芯13~15份、落叶5~7份、竹炭3~5份、可再分散乳胶粉2~3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1~2份、水15~20份。增效剂的制备方法如下:首先将苎麻纤维、棕榈皮、玉米芯、落叶、竹炭在50~60℃条件下烘干后与聚苯泡沫颗粒混合粉碎成180~200目混合粉末,然后将可再分散乳胶粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入2~3倍量的水,搅拌均匀后加入混合粉末,再放入挤出机中造粒,最后将普通水泥以及其余剩余成分制成混合浆料,将浆料喷洒在颗粒表面,自然风干硬化即得增效剂。
本实施例的防护块体20配方科学合理,添加明矾石粉与水泥共同作用,混合后防水防裂效果好;添加乳化沥青、浓度为3%的甲基硅酸钾的,具有良好的防水防渗的效果,同时透气性好,配合膨胀玻化微珠,透气保温;添加特殊工艺制成的增效剂,具有质轻、抗渗防水、保温透气、抗震、耐久等优点。
本实施例还提供一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块的制备方法,包括如下具体步骤:
1)承重块体10的制备:将经粉碎、混合搅拌和陈化完成后的承重混合浆料送入真空挤砖机,经真空挤砖机的口模挤出成型具有腰型孔11、条孔组12、第一凸块14和第一插槽15的空心砖坯,控制水分为14%~16%,挤出压力为100Pa~150Pa,然后通过自动切坯机50切割成大小均匀带有第一排泥孔16的砖坯,通过自动码坯机放在窑车上,干燥至坯体含水率降到5%以下后进窑焙烧,焙烧温度是1000~1100℃,焙烧时间为30~40分钟;
2)防护块体20的制备:将经粉碎和混合搅拌均匀的防护混合浆料送入液压制砖机压制成型,成型压力控制在为20MPa~25MPa,然后在30℃~50℃养护10~24小时,最后脱模,将成型后的产品放在室温下保湿养护28小时;
3)在步骤1)制得的承重块体10和步骤2)制得的防护块体20之间放入所述拉结件40,所述拉结件40的三个端部分别插设于承重块体10上的两个第一燕尾槽13和防护块体20上的第二燕尾槽21内,固定好后通过注塑机将呈粘流态的保温材料注射入承重块体10和防护块体20之间,固化成型。
其中,如图2和3所示,所述自动切坯机50包括与真空挤出机输出端相接的输送平台51、位于输送平台51宽度方向一侧的液压推进装置52、以及位于输送平台51宽度方向另一侧的切坯装置53和打孔装置54,所述切坯装置53靠近分坯机的一侧延伸设置有缓冲台55,所述打孔装置54设置在缓冲台55边缘的下方并由液压升降机构控制向上打孔或向下缩放,所述打孔装置54顶部沿垂直于液压推进装置52推进方向的方向上间隔设置有多个打孔钉,所述液压推进装置52朝向输送平台51的一侧设有推进平板,与推进平板相作用的承重块体10侧面为带第一凸块14的条面。
以上显示和描述了本发明创造的基本原理和主要特征及本发明的优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明创造精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,包括承重块体、防护块体及夹设在承重块体和防护块体之间的拉结件和保温块体;所述承重块体具有两两相对的顶面、大面和条面,两顶面之间垂直贯通设有一个长轴方向垂直于两条面的腰型孔及两组对称设置在腰型孔长轴方向两侧的条孔组,每组条孔组的两端分别相对腰型孔的短轴方向两端凸出设置;朝向防护块体的大面上间隔设置有两个第一燕尾槽;其中一个条面上设有第一凸块,另外一个条面上对应设置有与第一凸块相配合的第一插槽,且所述第一插槽远离防护块体的侧壁上间隔设置有多个第一排泥孔;所述防护块体朝向承重块体的侧面上设有第二燕尾槽,所述第二燕尾槽对应位于两个第一燕尾槽之间,所述拉结件适配插设在第二燕尾槽和两个第一燕尾槽内而连接承重块体和防护块体;所述保温块体注塑设置在承重块体和防护块体之间并包覆所述拉结件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,所述保温块体由聚苯乙烯颗粒注塑发泡而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,所述承重块体由如下重量份数原料组成:煤矸石40~50份;高炉渣3~4份;粉煤灰20~25份;硅酸钠0.5~1.0份;硅酸盐水泥熟料10~15份;水琉璃2~3份;松香酸钠0.3~0.5份;三聚磷酸钠0.3~0.5份;塑化剂5~10份及适量水。
4.根据权利要求3所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,所述塑化剂为矿物原料、有机成分和水按照(0.5~1)∶(0.1~0.5)∶4的质量比混合后研磨0.5h~2h制成,其中矿物原料为蒙皂石、累托石、绿泥石、海泡石和坡缕石中的一种或几种,有机成分为邻苯二甲酸酯类、脂肪酸酯类、烷基磺酸酯类、烷基苯磺酸酯和多元醇酯类中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,所述防护块体由如下重量份数原料制成:煤矸石30~35份、普通硅酸盐水泥10~12份、明矾石粉1~1.2份、焦磷酸钠1~1.5份、乳化沥青3~5份、浓度为3%的甲基硅酸钾0.8~1份、石灰石15~18份、膨胀玻化微珠9~13份、粘土20~24份、增效剂15~18份以及适量水。
6.根据权利要求5所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,所述增效剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成:硬脂酸钙1~2份、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶黏剂1~1.5份、普通水泥4~6份、聚苯泡沫颗粒3~5份、苎麻纤维10~12份、棕榈皮9~11份、玉米芯13~15份、落叶5~7份、竹炭3~5份、可再分散乳胶粉2~3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1~2份、水15~20份。
7.根据权利要求5所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,所述防护块体的一侧设有第二凸块,另一侧对应设置有与第二凸块相配合的第二插槽。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块,其特征在于,每组所述条孔组由四个呈2*2矩阵排列的第一孔体和一个居中设置在四个第一孔体所在矩阵中心处的第二孔体组成,所述第二孔体为长轴方向垂直于两大面的椭圆孔。
9.一种如权利要求1至8任一项所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
1)承重块体的制备:将经粉碎、混合搅拌和陈化完成后的承重混合浆料送入真空挤砖机,经真空挤砖机的口模挤出成型具有腰型孔、条孔组、第一凸块和第一插槽的空心砖坯,控制水分为14%~16%,挤出压力为100Pa~150Pa,然后通过自动切坯机切割成大小均匀带有第一排泥孔的砖坯,通过自动码坯机放在窑车上,干燥至坯体含水率降到5%以下后进窑焙烧,焙烧温度是1000~1100℃,焙烧时间为30~40分钟;
2)防护块体的制备:将经粉碎和混合搅拌均匀的防护混合浆料送入液压制砖机压制成型,成型压力控制在为20MPa~25MPa,然后在30℃~50℃养护10~24小时,最后脱模,将成型后的产品放在室温下保湿养护28小时;
3)在步骤1)制得的承重块体和步骤2)制得的防护块体之间放入所述拉结件,所述拉结件的三个端部分别插设于承重块体上的两个第一燕尾槽和防护块体上的第二燕尾槽内,固定好后通过注塑机将呈粘流态的保温材料注射入承重块体和防护块体之间,固化成型。
10.根据权利要求9所述的煤矸石烧结自保温复合砌块的制备方法,其特征在于,所述自动切坯机包括与真空挤出机输出端相接的输送平台、位于输送平台宽度方向一侧的液压推进装置、以及位于输送平台宽度方向另一侧的切坯装置和打孔装置,所述切坯装置靠近分坯机的一侧延伸设置有缓冲台,所述打孔装置设置在缓冲台边缘的下方并由液压升降机构控制向上打孔或向下缩放。
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