CN106497629A - 一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106497629A
CN106497629A CN201610877916.4A CN201610877916A CN106497629A CN 106497629 A CN106497629 A CN 106497629A CN 201610877916 A CN201610877916 A CN 201610877916A CN 106497629 A CN106497629 A CN 106497629A
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刘建龙
谷红宽
刘亚春
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Abstract

本发明属于一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法。采用基础油,稠化十二羟基硬脂酸、水杨酸和硼酸与氢氧化锂反应形成的三组分复合皂,并加入部分添加剂形成一种具有优异抗磨性能的润滑脂。采用分步皂化工艺,控制皂化温度、时间,复合共结晶温度以及最高炼制温度,所制成的三组分复合锂具有较好的极压抗磨性能、高温轴承寿命。解决了现有两组分复合锂基润滑脂存在的应用缺陷,两组分复合锂不能兼顾高温设备上苛刻部位的润滑要求。本发明选用了合适的原料配比,选择了高温性优异的基础油,使得该润滑脂具有较长的高温寿命性能。由于润滑脂中硼酸盐的存在,能够极大地提高润滑脂的极压抗磨性能。

Description

一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于润滑脂技术领域,涉及一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法。
背景技术
复合锂基润滑脂是通用型高温润滑脂,于1962年首次问世,在20世纪70年代初,为满足日益增长的市场需求,在新的稠化剂生产工艺的基础上,开发了应用于冶金工业、汽车工业和各类机械设备的减摩轴承领域的复合锂基润滑脂系列产品。这些产品经全面性能评定,证明他们除保持着通用锂及润滑脂良好的特性外,还具备了优异的高温性能。从20世纪80年代开始,复合锂基润滑脂的生产和应用取得了较大的进展。
国内外复合锂技术在国90年代取得较快的发展,实现工业化生产的主要为含有C9-C10二元酸、硼酸或水杨酸的锂盐与十二羟基硬脂酸埋复合,其中任意的二组份复合生成的润滑脂产品。使用C9-C10二元酸与十二羟制成两组分复合锂基润滑脂滴点较高一般大于260℃,粘附性较好,硼酸与十二羟制成的两组分复合锂基润滑脂,滴点大于230℃,粘附性较差,160℃高温稠度较好,高温防漏失性能优良,160℃高温轴承寿命较差;水杨酸与十二羟制成的两组分复合锂基润滑脂滴点大于210℃,粘附性较差,160℃高温轴承寿命较好,160℃高温防漏失性较差。也有把其中三种酸复合的技术,在滴点、粘附性、160℃高温轴承寿命、160℃高温防漏失性等方面存在一定缺陷。
水泵、机器人手臂及导轨、皮带轮等很多设备部位工作环境比较苛刻,有的处于长期重负荷工作,有的长期工作在高温潮湿中,有的还长期受水冲刷,这些高温、多水、重负荷等苛刻条件对设备轴承等部位的影响是较大的,所造成的润滑材料消耗量、备件更换费用也是巨大的,因此此类设备轴承所用润滑脂的性能也提出了较高的要求。
102690716A公开了以高碱值磺酸钙通过转相反应生成稠化剂,以高粘度和中粘度基础油复合为基础油并复合其他功能添加剂生成的一种润滑脂,是款多功能超极压抗磨润滑脂组合物。101955835A提供了一种四组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法,在基础油中加入一轻基硬脂酸锂、壬二酸锂或癸二酸锂和硼酸锂和水杨酸锂。采用二步法皂化工艺,制成的四组分复合锂具有较好的粘附性能、高温防漏失性以及高温轴承寿命,综合性能优良,可以满足高温环境设备的润滑和高温集中泵送润滑。103484202A涉及一种抗磨锂基润滑脂组合物及制备方法,该润滑脂组合物包含稠化剂为硬脂酸盐和或十二轻基硬脂酸盐;包含合成油和或石蜡基矿物油和或烷基萘油的基础油;包含抗氧剂和减磨修复剂。该润滑脂组合物通过选择合适配比粘度的基础油,通过改进皂化工艺,并添加新型纳米减磨修复剂,提高了润滑脂的抗磨性等性能,可满足绝大多数的轴承润滑和防护要求。102827671A采用了一种具有高含硫量的矿物基础油,来制得抗磨锂基润滑脂。这种产品四球试验的磨痕直径小,减磨效果好,能有效改善机械设备运转时的摩擦、磨损状况。上述专利都需要加入一定量的抗磨添加剂来满足抗磨极压的性能,而本发明的三组分复合锂基润滑脂在不用加入抗磨剂的情况下就完全满足了设备所需要的抗磨极压要求,而且具有较长的轴承寿命。
随着我国钢铁行业的快速发展,高速棒材、线材、板材连轧设备均要求润滑脂具有更好的性能,如耐高温性能、极压抗磨性能、抗水性能、高温粘附性能等。三组分复合锂基润滑脂本身具有高皂份、抗水、抗磨的特点,是这类设备较为理想的润滑材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法。采用高温性能优异的基础油,稠化十二羟基硬脂酸、水杨酸和硼酸与氢氧化锂反应形成的三组分复合皂,并加入部分添加剂形成一种具有优异抗磨性能的润滑脂。采用分步皂化工艺,控制皂化温度、时间,复合共结晶温度、时间以及最高炼制温度,所制成的三组分复合锂具有较好的极压抗磨性能、高温轴承寿命,可以满足水泵电机、机器人导轨、皮带轮等设备低磨损的要求。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明的基本点是利用高温性能优异的基础油,稠化十二羟基硬脂酸、水杨酸和硼酸与氢氧化锂反应生成的三组分复合皂,形成一种具有优异抗磨性能的润滑脂。有硼元素存在的润滑脂保证了设备运转过程中能有极低磨损和较长的高温寿命。
一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物,按润滑脂的总重量计,其组分及百分含量如下:
基础油:71~79%;
稠化剂:由十二羟基硬脂酸、水杨酸和硼酸与氢氧化锂的反应物组成,其中十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%,水杨酸:1.4~2.4%,硼酸:0.6~1.0%,单水氢氧化锂:3.5~4.7%;
添加剂:4~10%;
其中:
基础油为聚α-烯烃合成油PAO、矿物油中的石蜡基油、烷基萘基础油中的一种或两种,这三类油的氧化安定性都较好,保证了润滑脂具有较长的使用寿命。
所述基础油选择PAO、500SN、650SN、烷基萘中的的一种或两种。
所述稠化剂由十二羟基硬脂酸、水杨酸和硼酸与氢氧化锂的反应物组成,十二羟基硬脂酸-水杨酸-硼酸摩尔比的范围为1:0.3~0.5:0.3~0..5。
所述添加剂包括抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压剂、抗磨剂,按照润滑脂的总重量计,其组分及百分含量如下:
(a)抗氧剂,1~2%;
(b)防锈剂,1~2%;
(c)极压剂,1~3%;
(d)抗磨剂,1~3%。
所述抗氧剂选自烷基酚类抗氧剂与芳胺类抗氧剂中的一种或两种;防锈剂选自有机羧酸盐类与苯并三唑类防锈剂中的一种或两种;极压剂为二硫代氨基甲酸盐、氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐的一种或两种,抗磨剂选自有机磷化物类、二硫代氨基甲酸盐类的一种或两种。
所述抗氧剂为胺型或酚型中的一种或两种。
所述防锈剂为二壬基萘磺酸钡、苯并三氮唑一种或两种。
所述极压剂为二硫代氨基甲酸盐、氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐的一种或两种。
所述抗磨剂为磷酸三甲酚酯酯、二硫代氨基甲酸盐一种或两种。
本发明的三组分复合锂基润滑脂组合物的制备方法,其特征是用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成碱液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍;将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温几分钟;恒温结束后降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌均匀后经过三辊机轧油后灌装。
本发明的效果:本发明的润滑脂选用了合适的原料配比,选择了高温性优异的基础油,使得该润滑脂具有较长的高温寿命性能。由于稠化剂中含有硼元素,即使润滑脂在使用时极压抗磨剂被不断地消耗,也能很好地起到减磨效果。
具体实施方式
本发明的效果通过下面的实施例进一步说明。但应明白,下面的实施例不是限制本发明的范围,任何不超出本发明构思和范围的改动,都在本发明的范围之内。所有物料的加入量,均按润滑脂的总重量计,具体实例如下:
实施例1:
基础油(PAO):73.25%;
十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%
水杨酸:1.87%
硼酸:0.80%
单水氢氧化锂:4.08%
极压剂(氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐):3.0%;
防锈剂(二壬基萘磺酸钡和苯并三氮唑):各0.5%;
抗磨剂(磷酸三甲酚酯):3.0%;
抗氧剂(二苯胺):1.0%
用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成溶液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍。将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温五分钟。恒温结束后缓慢降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌均匀后经过三辊机轧油三遍后灌装。样品编号A
实施例2:
基础油(PAO与500SN):73.89%;
十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%
水杨酸:1.63%
硼酸:0.70%
单水氢氧化锂:3.78%
极压剂(二硫代氨基甲酸钼):3.0%;
防锈剂(二壬基萘磺酸钡):2.0%;
抗磨剂(磷酸三甲酚酯和二硫代氨基甲酸钼):各1.0%;
抗氧剂(2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚):1.0%
用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成溶液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍。将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温五分钟。恒温结束后缓慢降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌均匀后经过三辊机轧油三遍后灌装。样品编号B。
实施例3:
基础油(石蜡基):70.99%;
十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%
水杨酸:2.33%
硼酸:1.00%
单水氢氧化锂:4.68%
极压剂(二硫代氨基甲酸钼和氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐):各1.0%;
防锈剂(苯并三氮唑):2.0%;
抗磨剂(磷酸三甲酚酯):3.0%;
抗氧剂(二苯胺):2.0%
用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成溶液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍。将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温五分钟。恒温结束后缓慢降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌均匀后经过三辊机轧油三遍后灌装。样品编号C。
实施例4:
基础油(莞基萘):78.52%;
十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%
水杨酸:1.40%
硼酸:0.60%
单水氢氧化锂:3.48%
极压剂(氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐):1.0%;
防锈剂(苯并三氮唑):1.0%;
抗磨剂(二硫代氨基甲酸钼):1.0%;
抗氧剂(2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚):1.0%
用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成溶液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍。将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温五分钟。恒温结束后缓慢降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌均匀后经过三辊机轧油三遍后灌装。样品编号D。
实施例5:
基础油(莞基萘与PAO):70.91%;
十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%
水杨酸:1.61%
硼酸:1.03%
单水氢氧化锂:4.45%
极压剂(二硫代氨基甲酸钼):3.0%;
防锈剂(二壬基萘磺酸钡):2.0%;
抗磨剂(磷酸三甲酚酯):3.0%;
抗氧剂(二苯胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚):各1.0%
用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成溶液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍。将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温五分钟。恒温结束后缓慢降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌均匀后经过三辊机轧油三遍后灌装。样品编号E。
表1分析测试数据表
由表1可以看出:本发明的润滑脂具有优异的极压抗磨性能、防腐防锈性能、较长的高温轴承寿命。由于三组分稠化剂中含十二羟基硬脂酸锂、水杨酸的锂盐和硼酸的锂盐,保证了润滑脂纤维结构的具有很强的抗剪切性能,另外硼酸的锂盐保证了润滑脂具有极好的抗磨极压性能。基础油采用高温性能优异聚α烯烃合成油、烷基萘或矿物油中的石蜡基油的一种或两种,使得润滑脂在高温环境中具有较长的使用寿命。
从以上案例可得出如下结论:(1)本专利发明的润滑脂选用的基础油粘度适中、高温性能优异,稠化剂新颖合理,使得润滑脂具有较长的轴承寿命,可以长时间使用。(2)本专利发明的润滑脂具有良好的极压抗磨性能,能有效的减少润滑部位的摩擦磨损。(3)本专利发明的润滑脂具有良好的防腐蚀性能,能够满足机械设备在有水的环境下工作。(4)本专利发明的润滑脂具有较高的滴点,能在较高温度的环境中使用,而且润滑脂低温性能优异,冬夏季可通用。
本发明提出的一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物及制备方法,已经通过较佳的实施例子进行了描述,相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的组分和方法进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现本发明技术。特别需要指出的是,所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,他们都被视为包括在本发明精神、范围和内容中。

Claims (10)

1.一种三组分复合锂基润滑脂的组合物,按润滑脂的总重量计,其组分及百分含量如下:
基础油:71~79%;
稠化剂包括:十二羟基硬脂酸:12.0%,
水杨酸:1.4~2.4%,
硼酸:0.6~1.0%,
单水氢氧化锂:3.5~4.7%;
添加剂:4~10%。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征是基础油为聚α-烯烃合成油PAO、矿物油中的石蜡基油、烷基萘基础油中的一种或两种。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征是基础油选择PAO、500SN、650SN、烷基萘中的的一种或两种。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征是添加剂包括抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压剂和抗磨剂;按照润滑脂的总重量计,其组分及百分含量如下:
(a)抗氧剂,1~2%;
(b)防锈剂,1~2%;
(c)极压剂,1~3%;
(d)抗磨剂,1~3%。
5.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征是抗氧剂选自烷基酚类抗氧剂与芳胺类抗氧剂中的一种;防锈剂选自有机羧酸盐类与苯并三唑类防锈剂中的一种或两种;极压剂为二硫代氨基甲酸盐、氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐的一种或两种,抗磨剂选自有机磷化物类、二硫代氨基甲酸盐类的一种或两种。
6.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征是极压剂为二硫代氨基甲酸盐、氰脲酸三聚氰胺盐的一种或两种。
7.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征是防锈剂为二壬基萘磺酸钡、苯并三氮唑一种或两种。
8.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征是抗磨剂为磷酸三甲酚酯、二硫代氨基甲酸盐一种或两种。
9.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征是抗氧剂为二苯胺或2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚中的一种或两种。
10.权利要求1的三组分复合锂基润滑脂组合物的制备方法,其特征是用80~90℃的热水将单水氢氧化锂配成碱液,水的质量是单水氢氧化锂的5倍;将十二羟基硬脂酸加入到1/2基础油中,混合加热至85~95℃,十二羟基硬脂酸溶解后,加入已备好碱液的40%,温度控制在90℃~105℃,皂化反应0.5~1.0小时;反应结束后加入水杨酸和硼酸,搅拌均匀后加入剩余碱液,继续反应1.0~1.5小时;皂化反应结束后,开始升温,升温到200~210℃,恒温几分钟;恒温结束后降温;150℃~160℃加入抗氧剂,继续降温到100℃以下后依次加入极压剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂,搅拌后经过三辊机轧油后灌装。
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Application publication date: 20170315