CN106493364A - A kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique - Google Patents
A kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106493364A CN106493364A CN201610947008.8A CN201610947008A CN106493364A CN 106493364 A CN106493364 A CN 106493364A CN 201610947008 A CN201610947008 A CN 201610947008A CN 106493364 A CN106493364 A CN 106493364A
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique, its feature includes:Material is low activation martensitic steel microsphere powder, and fine powder (200 400 mesh) is 1~1.5 with the powder weight proportioning of coarse powder (50 150 mesh), with preferable compactedness;Using precinct laser fusion rapid molding method, 20 300W of laser power, 70 135um of lasing beam diameter, 500 2000mm/s of scanning speed, 35 120um of sweep span, 20 50um of lift height, powder preheat 150 300 DEG C, 5 20cm of shaping speed3/ h, in molding room, argon is protected and pressure maintains 10 20mbar, and part manufacture at 250 400 DEG C is incubated more than 48 hours after finishing, finally carries out heat treatment, Technology for Heating Processing to profiled part:720 760 DEG C are warming up to stove, 60 120min, then cooling of coming out of the stove after cooling to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace is incubated, to reduce residual stress, the overall performance of part is improved;Good part rapid shaping quality can be obtained under this technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique, can be used for fusion reactor blanket
And the rapid shaping of the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems complex components such as fission-type reactor.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing (i.e. 3D printing) is rising in recent years the emerging fast precise processing and manufacturing technology for developing rapidly,
It is used widely in aerospace field;The technology can process the part that traditional method is difficult to manufacture, with labyrinth
Parts-moulding high precision, production efficiency is high and part be integrally formed effect good the advantages of.Due to different material rapid shapings
Technique difference is larger, and part quick shaping process is the key of the technology.Fusion reactor is using low activation martensitic steel as structure
Material, low activation martensitic steel have excellent thermophysical property, Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase swelling performance, anti-liquid metal corrosion performance etc.,
The primary structural material of fusion reactor blanket, and the main candidate structural wood of following fusion engineering mimoir heap covering have been chosen as
Material;Meanwhile, low activation martensitic steel is also the main candidate structure of the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems critical components such as lead base heap fuel assembly
Material.The Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems critical component service condition such as fusion reactor blanket and lead base heap fuel assembly is harsh, is subjected to persistent erection of the penis
Sub- irradiation, high surface heat flow, high nuclear heat deposition, high pressure and complicated machinery load etc., and these key part structures are complicated, to portion
The Forming Quality of part and formed precision propose higher requirement.
The Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems such as fusion reactor blanket because having higher nuclear heat to deposit, cooling-part typically have high density and
The complicated water runner arrangement at narrow interval.At present, using welding more than molding of the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems labyrinth containing runner cooling-part
Method, especially many specially-shaped is combined using welding methods such as the less high energy beams in heat affected area (such as electron beam, laser)
Technique is (such as patent:CN201110250136.4) etc.;Meanwhile, it is the global formation performance for further improving complex component, also adopts
Compound welding technology with special welding method (such as Hot Isostatic Pressing Diffusion, electron beam, laser etc.) is (such as patent:
CN200810021143.5), but because weld seam is intensive, cause welding difficulty higher and weld seam easily crackle occurs, additionally, welding process
Complicated heat input causes part distortion larger, and molding difficulty is high and later stage orthopedic difficulty, the long preparation period of part, cost
High.
3D printing can one-shot forming labyrinth part, part distortion is little, near-net-shape, without the need for following process process
Deng the molding of the suitable part with labyrinth;The precision processing technology of 3D printing rapid shaping is applied to fusion reactor bag
The preparation of the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems complex components such as layer, with wide development and application prospect, need to carry out fusion reactor special
The research of the complex component quick shaping process of structural material.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the invention:Overcome existing complex components welding processing difficulty height, welding deformation
Greatly, easily there are the key issues such as crackle in postwelding, there is provided a kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique, with
Solve a difficult problem for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems complex components low activation martensitic steel 3D printing rapid shaping.Preferably constituency of the invention
Laser fusion technique carries out the rapid processing manufacture of the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems such as fusion reactor blanket key complex components, with portion
Part can one-shot forming, the advantage that formed precision is high and Forming Quality is good.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:A kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique,
Realize that step is as follows:
(1) raw material is low activation martensitic steel microsphere powder, and fine powder and coarse powder proportioning by a certain percentage, is filled out with improving
Fill density;
(2) complex components to wanting molding carry out graphic computer description, the complex components three that will be shaped
In dimension sheet template control computer, the main construction for including threedimensional model, according to whether adding support etc. selects molding
Direction, according to thickness and the number of plies that the size of part selects hierarchy slicing, extraction and filling of cross section contour etc., sets slice thick
Degree and total score layer number etc.;
(3) precinct laser fusion technique, laser power 20-300W, beam diameter 70-135um, scanning speed 500- are set
2000mm/s, sweep span 35-120um, lift height 20-50um, powder preheat 150-300 DEG C, shaping speed 5-20cm3/
H, in molding room, argon is protected and pressure maintains 10-20mbar;
(4) powder mixture ratio, fine powder (200-400 mesh) they are 1~1.5 with the powder weight proportioning of coarse powder (50-150 mesh),
Mix homogeneously under vacuum condition, prevents Powder Oxidation;
(5) powdering and fusing, by powder feeding mechanism, on substrate, uniform laying a layer thickness is the low activation horse of 0.2-1mm
Family name's body (CLAM) powdered steel, carries out rapid shaping according to computer graphical chip formation to powder using laser beam, subsequently successively
Powdering laser beam melts rapid shaping is carried out, until complex components complete molding;
(6) part manufacture is incubated more than 48 hours after finishing at 300-400 DEG C, finally carries out hot place to profiled part
Reason, Technology for Heating Processing:720-760 DEG C is warming up to stove, 60-120min is incubated, then it is cold to come out of the stove after cooling to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace
But, to reduce residual stress, the overall performance of profiled part is improved;
Present invention advantage compared with prior art:
(1) present invention to complex components can a near-net-shape, within the reachable+0.5mm of dimensional accuracy, surface quality
Higher, typically without the need for follow-up mechanical process;
(2) the complex components molding microscopic structure of material and mechanical property have isotropism after Overheating Treatment
And homogenization;
(3) being molded in argon gas protection environment is carried out, forming part oxygen element content (less than 100ppm) conformance with standard, is kept away
Material oxidation is exempted from, parts-moulding quality is high, even tissue, the defect such as pore-free, crackle and no cofusing particle;
(4) the recyclable recycling of residual powder after molding, stock utilization are close to 100%, and shaping speed is higher (reachable
Arrive about 80cm3/ h) etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Chinese liquid DFLL the first wall components of covering;
Fig. 2 is Chinese liquid DFLL covering cooling plate member;
Fig. 3 is the upper and lower tube base part of Chinese lead base heap fuel assembly cladding tubes.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is discussed in detail the present invention.But below example is only limitted to explain this
Bright, protection scope of the present invention should include the full content of claim, be not limited only to the present embodiment.
Embodiment 1, by taking fusion reactor China liquid DFLL covering the first wall components rapid shaping as an example, as shown in figure 1, structure
Material is low activation martensite (CLAM) steel of China;
(1) microsphere powder of the material for low activation martensite (CLAM) steel, and by fine powder (200-350 mesh) and coarse powder (50-
100 mesh) press by weight ratio 1:Load after 1.5 mixing in powder feeding mechanism, powder preheats 300 DEG C;
(2) precinct laser fusion equipment evacuation, treats that vacuum reaches 10-3High-purity Ar is filled with to vacuum chamber after Pa magnitudes2,
After vacuum reaches 1MPa, evacuation high-purity Ar is filled with again2, so prepurging more than 2 times repeatedly;
(3) the CLAM steel fine powder and coarse powder that a layer thickness is 0.5mm is sprawled in powdering plane by powder feeding mechanism first
Mixing match powder;
(4) by the STL form sheet template computers of the part of rapid shaping, area of computer aided graphics process is carried out;
Size according to part:Long * width * height=161mm*155mm*205mm, selection lift height be 0.5mm, it is considered to part into
Separate with the processing of substrate after type, total hierarchy number is 4120 layers;
(5) precinct laser fusion technique:Laser power 250W, laser diameter 80um, scanning speed 2000mm/s, scanning room
Away from 90um, lift height 50um, powder preheat 300 DEG C, argon protection in molding room, and argon pressure 17mbar, in whole molding
During guarantee molding indoor temperature at 350 DEG C or so;
(6) laser beam is selectively sintered according to the information of cross section profile under control of the computer, metal dust
Be sintered together under the bombardment of laser beam, and with following in type part adhesive, after ground floor powder fusing after, pass through
Powder feeding mechanism lays second layer powder, and powder thickness is uniform and, such layer upon layer identical with ground floor thickness, until whole zero
All sintering is completed part;
(7), after the completion of part sintering, it is incubated in 350 DEG C of environment in molding room and is cracked with preventing portion part for 72 hours,
Insulation is begun to cool down to room temperature after terminating, and blow-on simultaneously takes out part after reclaiming unnecessary powder filler;
(8) part heat treatment;Part carries out vacuum heat after taking out, should with the remnants reduced during parts-moulding
Power, improves the overall performance of part, Technology for Heating Processing:740 DEG C are warming up to stove, be incubated 120min, cool to the furnace 100 DEG C with
Come out of the stove after lower cooling;
(9) it is computed and measurement, the shaping speed of the first wall components is 50cm3/ h, formed precision reach+0.3mm, metallographic
Tissues observed is uniform, the defect such as pore-free, crackle and no cofusing particle.
Embodiment 2:By taking fusion reactor China liquid DFLL covering cooling plate member rapid shaping as an example, as shown in Fig. 2 structure
Material is low activation martensite (CLAM) steel of China;
(1) microsphere powder of the material for low activation martensite (CLAM) steel, and by fine powder (200-350 mesh) and coarse powder (50-
150 mesh) press by weight ratio 1:Load after 1.5 mixing in powder feeding mechanism, powder preheats 250 DEG C;
(2) precinct laser fusion equipment evacuation, treats that vacuum reaches 10-3High-purity Ar is filled with to vacuum chamber after Pa magnitudes2,
After vacuum reaches 1MPa, evacuation high-purity Ar is filled with again2, so prepurging more than 2 times repeatedly;
(3) the CLAM steel fine powder and coarse powder that a layer thickness is 0.3mm is sprawled in powdering plane by powder feeding mechanism first
Mixing match powder;
(4) by the STL form sheet template computers of the part of rapid shaping, area of computer aided graphics process is carried out;
Size according to part:Long * width * height=200mm*101mm*10mm, selection lift height be 0.3mm, it is considered to part into
Separate with the processing of substrate after type, total hierarchy number is 40 layers;
(5) precinct laser fusion technique:Laser power 150W, laser diameter 90um, scanning speed 1000mm/s, scanning room
Away from 100um, lift height 30um, powder preheat 250 DEG C, argon protection in molding room, and argon pressure 13mbar, in whole molding
During guarantee molding indoor temperature at 300 DEG C or so;
(6) laser beam is selectively sintered according to the information of cross section profile under control of the computer, metal dust
Be sintered together under the bombardment of laser beam, and with following in type part adhesive, after ground floor powder fusing after, pass through
Powder feeding mechanism lays second layer powder, and powder thickness is uniform and, such layer upon layer identical with ground floor thickness, until whole zero
All sintering is completed part;
(7), after the completion of part sintering, it is incubated in 300 DEG C of environment in molding room and is cracked with preventing portion part for 60 hours,
Insulation is begun to cool down to room temperature after terminating, and blow-on simultaneously takes out part after reclaiming unnecessary powder filler;
(8) part heat treatment;Part carries out vacuum heat after taking out, should with the remnants reduced during parts-moulding
Power, improves the overall performance of part, Technology for Heating Processing:760 DEG C are warming up to stove, be incubated 120min, cool to the furnace 100 DEG C with
Come out of the stove after lower cooling.
(9) it is computed and measurement, the shaping speed for cooling down plate member is about 60cm3/ h, formed precision reach+0.4mm, gold
Phase tissues observed is uniform, does not find the defects such as pore, crackle and no cofusing particle.
Embodiment 3:By taking the upper and lower tube base part rapid shaping of Chinese lead base heap fuel assembly cladding tubes as an example, as shown in figure 3,
Structural material is Chinese low activation martensitic steel;
(1) microsphere powder of the material for low activation martensitic steel (CLAM), and by fine powder (200-300 mesh) and coarse powder (80-
150 mesh) press by weight ratio 1:1.5 loading after mixing in powder feeding mechanism, powder preheats 250 DEG C;
(2) precinct laser fusion equipment evacuation, treats that vacuum reaches 10-3High-purity Ar is filled with to vacuum chamber after Pa magnitudes2,
After vacuum reaches 1MPa, evacuation high-purity Ar is filled with again2, so prepurging more than 2 times repeatedly;
(3) the CLAM steel fine powder and coarse powder that a layer thickness is 0.5mm is sprawled in powdering plane by powder feeding mechanism first
Mixing match powder;
(4) by the STL form sheet template computers of the part of rapid shaping, area of computer aided graphics process is carried out;
Size according to part:Long * width * height=117mm*130mm*10mm, selection lift height be 0.2mm, it is considered to part into
Separate with the processing of substrate after type, total hierarchy number is 80 layers;
(5) precinct laser fusion technique:Laser power 80W, laser diameter 70um, scanning speed 700mm/s, sweep span
80um, lift height 20um, powder preheat 250 DEG C, argon protection in molding room, and argon pressure 15mbar, in whole molding
Guarantee molding indoor temperature at 350 DEG C or so in journey;
(6) laser beam is selectively sintered according to the information of cross section profile under control of the computer, metal dust
Be sintered together under the bombardment of laser beam, and with following in type part adhesive, after ground floor powder fusing after, pass through
Powder feeding mechanism lays second layer powder, and powder thickness is uniform and, such layer upon layer identical with ground floor thickness, until whole zero
All sintering is completed part;
(7), after the completion of part sintering, it is incubated in 350 DEG C of environment in molding room and is cracked with preventing portion part for 48 hours,
Insulation is begun to cool down to room temperature after terminating, and blow-on simultaneously takes out part after reclaiming unnecessary powder filler;
(8) part heat treatment;Part carries out vacuum heat after taking out, should with the remnants reduced during parts-moulding
Power, improves the overall performance of part, Technology for Heating Processing:720 DEG C are warming up to stove, be incubated 90min, cool to the furnace 100 DEG C with
Come out of the stove after lower cooling;
(9) it is computed and measurement, the shaping speed of the tube base part is 75cm3/ h, formed precision reach+0.2mm, metallographic
Tissues observed is uniform, the defect such as pore-free, crackle and no cofusing particle.
It should be noted that according to the various embodiments described above of the present invention, those skilled in the art are to realize this completely
The four corner of bright claim 1 and appurtenance, realize process and the same the various embodiments described above of method;And the present invention is not detailed
Elaboration partly belongs to techniques well known.
The above, part specific embodiment only of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and appoints
What those skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in should all be covered
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique, it is characterised in that:It is low activation including material
Martensite steel microsphere powder, fine powder 200-400 mesh are 1~1.5 with the powder weight proportioning of coarse powder 50-150 mesh, with preferable
Compactedness;Using precinct laser fusion rapid molding method, laser power 20-300W, lasing beam diameter 70-135um, scanning speed
Degree 500-2000mm/s, sweep span 35-120um, lift height 20-50um, powder preheat 150-300 DEG C, shaping speed 5-
20cm3/ h, in molding room, argon is protected and pressure maintains 10-20mbar, and profiled part is manufactured after finishing at a certain temperature
Insulation, to prevent from cracking, finally the part to manufacturing carries out heat treatment, to reduce residual stress, improves profiled part
Overall performance.
2. a kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique according to claim 1, its feature exist
In:The profiled part manufacture is incubated more than 48 hours after finishing at 250-400 DEG C, prevents crackle.
3. a kind of low activation martensitic steel precinct laser fusion increasing material manufacturing technique according to claim 1, its feature exist
In:The process of thermal treatment:720-760 DEG C is warming up to stove, 60-120min is incubated, then after cooling to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace
Come out of the stove cooling, to reduce residual stress, improve the overall performance of profiled part.
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Cited By (9)
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CN108504928A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-07 | 苏州大学 | The heat-resisting steel alloy powder of novel martensitic and the method for carrying out the manufacture of complicated water runner structure laser gain material using it |
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CN110565002A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-13 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | selective laser melting additive manufacturing method suitable for oxide reinforced steel |
CN111440994A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | Structure regulation and control method for selective laser melting of low-activation ferrite/martensite steel |
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CN115229175A (en) * | 2022-07-31 | 2022-10-25 | 福州大学 | 3D printing forming method of steel particle reinforced tin-based composite material |
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