CN114378304A - Process method for preparing tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing technology - Google Patents
Process method for preparing tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing technology Download PDFInfo
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- NWJUARNXABNMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten vanadium Chemical compound [W]=[V] NWJUARNXABNMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DDVPIFNJTNKBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[W].[Cu] Chemical compound [Fe].[W].[Cu] DDVPIFNJTNKBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RIPVTJREXRWBLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Cr].[W] Chemical compound [V].[Cr].[W] RIPVTJREXRWBLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GGMWOCGESLVZLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Cu].[W] Chemical compound [V].[Cu].[W] GGMWOCGESLVZLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QNHZQZQTTIYAQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium tungsten Chemical compound [Cr][W] QNHZQZQTTIYAQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OJYBUGUSFDKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[W].[W] OJYBUGUSFDKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CGGMOWIEIMVEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tungsten Chemical compound [K].[W] CGGMOWIEIMVEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001145 Ferrotungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- AHIVCQLQCIBVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[W] Chemical compound [Fe].[W] AHIVCQLQCIBVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a process method for preparing a tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing, which belongs to the technical field of dissimilar metal compounding and comprises the following key technical steps: 1) the tungsten-based composite sheet consists of a tungsten sheet and a tungsten-based composite layer; 2) the tungsten sheet is made of rolled pure tungsten or tungsten alloy material; 3) depositing a tungsten-based composite layer on the tungsten sheet in a selective laser melting mode, and then improving the diffusion connection between the tungsten sheet and the composite layer and the composite diffusion and densification of tungsten and composite metal in the tungsten-based composite layer by adopting a hot isostatic pressing method; 4) the tungsten-based composite layer can be made of selected metals including tungsten, copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium, iron, titanium and the like. According to the invention, the tungsten sheet and the tungsten-based composite layer are combined together by combining the selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing processes, and the prepared tungsten-based composite sheet can effectively release stress and increase the strength and the irradiation resistance, so that the tungsten-based composite sheet is easy to produce in batches and apply to fusion reactor high-heat-load parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a process method for preparing a tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing technologies, and belongs to the technical field of dissimilar metal compounding.
Background
The development and application of fusion energy are hopes for thoroughly solving the human energy crisis, the development of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion energy has already entered the engineering verification stage at present, and the design and development of fusion reactor internal components are the last barriers in front of researchers at home and abroad.
The internal parts of the fusion reactor directly face high-temperature plasma, the working environment is extremely severe, the materials are required to have high thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength, particularly, the plasma materials are required to have good compatibility with the plasma, the internal parts of the fusion reactor are usually designed by composite welding of multiple materials, for example, a divertor part is designed by tungsten-copper composite, a cladding part is designed by tungsten-steel composite, the tungsten material is a protective armor material, copper and steel are heat sink structural materials, and in order to improve the service temperature and the irradiation resistance of the copper and steel, copper alloy and low activation steel (RAFM) are generally selected. In order to alleviate the problem of mismatch of thermo-mechanical properties between the tungsten armor and the copper alloy heat sink or the RAFM steel, an intermediate transition layer, such as an oxygen-free copper intermediate layer, is usually added between the tungsten armor and the copper alloy or the RAFM steel, and the preparation process mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a tungsten/oxygen-free copper composite sheet (the thickness of a tungsten layer is 2mm, the thickness of a copper layer is 1mm) by adopting a hot isostatic pressing or pouring technology, then welding the tungsten copper sheet and a copper alloy or RAFM steel by adopting a hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding technology, and finally processing and manufacturing an internal part with required size. The oxygen-free copper is taken as high-purity copper, has high thermal conductivity and high plasticity, is easily subjected to high-temperature creep deformation and irradiation embrittlement after being used for a long time in the high-temperature and high-neutron flux environment of a fusion reactor, and is easily subjected to joint fracture behavior in the plastic deformation process, so that the component failure is caused, and the safety of the device is influenced.
In order to enhance the high-temperature mechanical property and the neutron irradiation resistance of the pure copper intermediate layer, a solution of adding composite enhanced copper layers of tungsten, SiC and the like is provided in the current research. The tungsten and SiC substances are added mainly in two forms of fibers and particles, namely, the particles or short fibers of the tungsten and the SiC are mixed with the copper powder, and then the tungsten and the SiC particles or the short fibers are compounded together by adopting a high-temperature liquid-phase fusion method. Because the densities of tungsten and SiC particles or fibers and copper are different, the segregation problem of the added dopant is easily caused in the copper melting process, the reinforcing effect is reduced, and the integral high-temperature performance of the composite layer is out of control. Therefore, a method of pre-weaving tungsten and SiC fibers and then pouring copper melt is adopted, and although the process can realize the orderly addition of dopants, the process is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the mass production is not facilitated. In addition, the deposition of the composite layer is also performed by PVD or the like, but the efficiency is too low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems and provides a method for preparing a tungsten-based compact by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing. The selective laser melting technology has been developed for more than ten years, is relatively mature, and is particularly suitable for preparing sheets in an array manner. This lays a solid technical foundation for the implementation of the invention. On the other hand, the hot isostatic pressing technology is also very suitable for densification and internal diffusion welding of the composite material, thereby improving the performance of the composite material. Therefore, the tungsten-based composite sheet is prepared by combining the selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing welding method, and is further applied to the welding manufacture of the internal parts of the fusion reactor in a large scale.
The invention provides a new preparation method for the tungsten-based composite sheet.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme:
a process method for preparing a tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing technology comprises the following steps:
a) structural design: the tungsten-based composite sheet comprises a tungsten sheet and a tungsten-based composite layer, wherein the thickness of the tungsten sheet is 1-6mm, and the thickness of the tungsten-based composite layer is 0.01-2 mm.
b) The connection process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking a tungsten sheet as a matrix, carrying out selective melting of composite powder on the tungsten sheet by adopting a selective laser melting technology, cladding the tungsten sheet on a tungsten-based composite layer to a certain thickness through multiple layers, putting the tungsten-based composite sheet into a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and carrying out diffusion welding of the tungsten sheet and the tungsten-based composite layer as well as tungsten and other metals in the composite layer by selecting proper hot isostatic pressing parameters.
Further, the tungsten sheet is made of pure tungsten or tungsten-based alloy materials.
Further, the tungsten-based composite layer is made of tungsten copper, tungsten nickel, tungsten iron, tungsten chromium, tungsten vanadium, tungsten titanium, tungsten zirconium, tungsten vanadium chromium, tungsten vanadium copper or tungsten copper iron.
Further, elements of the tungsten-based composite layer are distributed in proportion in the thickness direction.
Further, the tungsten-based composite layer is coated on the tungsten sheet by adopting a selective laser melting method, the base material used by the tungsten-based composite layer is tungsten powder, and the other material is copper powder, nickel powder, iron powder, chromium powder, vanadium powder, titanium powder or zirconium powder, or is directly prepared from tungsten-vanadium alloy powder, copper-coated tungsten powder, nickel-coated tungsten powder, iron-coated tungsten powder, tungsten-chromium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium alloy powder, tungsten-titanium alloy powder, tungsten-zirconium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium-chromium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium-copper alloy powder or tungsten-copper-iron alloy powder.
Furthermore, the selective laser melting refers to placing and fixing one or more tungsten sheets in a melting chamber, then spreading powder, performing selective melting on each tungsten sheet, and performing selective melting for multiple times according to thickness requirements to prepare the tungsten-based composite sheet.
Furthermore, in the hot isostatic pressing process, element diffusion can occur to the composite elements in the tungsten-based composite layer, and meanwhile, some closed gaps in the tungsten-based composite layer can be closed, so that the densification of the tungsten-based composite layer is realized.
Further, the external dimension of the tungsten-based composite sheet is determined by design, and the external dimension of the tungsten-based composite sheet is processed after hot isostatic pressing; the tungsten sheet is tungsten potassium, tungsten rhenium alloy or zirconium carbide doped tungsten alloy.
Further, the atomic fraction of tungsten in the tungsten-based composite layer continuously changes from 100% to 0% in the thickness direction.
Further, the tungsten-based composite layer is divided into four layers, and the atomic fraction of tungsten changes in a gradient manner in the thickness direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention prepares the tungsten-based composite sheet by combining two technologies of selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing, wherein the selective laser melting is a process for realizing instantaneous liquid melting composite welding of one or two metal materials, and the hot isostatic pressing is a process for slowly realizing solid hot pressing diffusion welding of the two materials, and the two processes are combined, so that the problem of large residual stress in the instantaneous melting solidification process can be overcome, and the compact diffusion of the composite material can be realized, thereby achieving the improvement of the properties of the composite layer such as strengthening and toughening, radiation resistance and the like; in addition, the technology introduced by the invention can realize the mass production of the tungsten-based composite sheet, and is particularly beneficial to the industrial application of the tungsten-based composite sheet in the fusion field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tungsten based composite sheet;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement and cladding of a tungsten-based composite sheet in a selective laser melting printing chamber;
in the figure, 1 is a tungsten plate, 2 is a tungsten-based composite layer, 3 is a print chamber substrate, and 4 is a laser beam.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. The following examples are only for explaining the present invention, the scope of the present invention shall include the full contents of the claims, and the full contents of the claims of the present invention can be fully realized by those skilled in the art through the following examples.
The invention discloses a process method for preparing a tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing technologies, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) the structure of the prepared tungsten-based composite sheet is shown in figure 1, and the tungsten-based composite sheet comprises a tungsten sheet 1 and a printed tungsten-based composite layer 2.
(2) Firstly, cutting a tungsten sheet 1 on a rolled tungsten plate, then grinding the tungsten sheet 1 into a required size, controlling the surface roughness Ra of the processed tungsten sheet to be less than 1.6 mu m, then cleaning the tungsten sheet to remove oil stains and oxide scales, drying the tungsten sheet, placing the tungsten sheet in a printing chamber of selective laser melting equipment, and discharging the tungsten sheet 1 to be flat to ensure that the upper surface is on a plane, as shown in figure 2.
(3) And carrying out powder paving operation in the printing chamber under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the height of the composite powder is required to just cover the tungsten sheet 1.
(4) Selecting proper parameters to carry out selective melting of the composite powder in the area of the tungsten sheet 1, melting a layer of composite powder on the tungsten sheet 1 and depositing the composite powder on the tungsten sheet 1 to form a tungsten-based composite layer 2.
(5) And (4) repeating the steps (3) and (4), carrying out multi-layer selective area melting, and stopping selective area melting after the thickness of the tungsten-based composite layer 2 reaches the required size.
(6) And putting the tungsten-based composite sheet into a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and selecting proper hot isostatic pressing parameters to carry out diffusion welding.
(7) The tungsten-based composite sheet is machined to the required dimensions according to the design, and the general dimension of the tungsten-based composite sheet is 45 x12x2.5mm.
Preferably, the tungsten sheet 1 is made of pure tungsten or tungsten-based alloy material.
Preferably, the material of the tungsten-based composite layer 2 is tungsten copper, tungsten nickel, tungsten iron, tungsten chromium, tungsten vanadium, tungsten titanium, tungsten zirconium, tungsten vanadium chromium, tungsten vanadium copper or tungsten copper iron.
Preferably, the elements of the tungsten-based composite layer 2 are proportionally distributed in the thickness direction, such as the atomic fraction of tungsten in the tungsten-based composite layer 2 continuously varies from 100% to 0% in the thickness direction or the tungsten-based composite layer 2 is divided into four layers, and the atomic fraction of tungsten varies in a gradient in the thickness direction.
Preferably, the tungsten-based composite layer 2 is coated on the tungsten sheet 1 by adopting a selective laser melting method, the base material used by the tungsten-based composite layer 2 is tungsten powder, and the other material is copper powder, nickel powder, iron powder, chromium powder, vanadium powder, titanium powder or zirconium powder, or tungsten-vanadium alloy powder, copper-coated tungsten powder, nickel-coated tungsten powder, iron-coated tungsten powder, tungsten-chromium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium alloy powder, tungsten-titanium alloy powder, tungsten-zirconium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium-chromium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium-copper alloy powder or tungsten-copper-iron alloy powder is directly used.
Preferably, the selective laser melting refers to placing and fixing one or more tungsten sheets 1 in a melting chamber, then spreading powder, performing selective melting on each tungsten sheet 1, and performing selective melting for multiple times according to thickness requirements to prepare the tungsten-based composite sheet.
Preferably, in the hot isostatic pressing process, element diffusion occurs in the composite elements in the tungsten-based composite layer 2, and meanwhile, some closed gaps in the tungsten-based composite layer 2 are closed, so as to achieve densification of the tungsten-based composite layer 2.
Preferably, the tungsten-based compact has a form factor determined by design, and the form factor is machined after hot isostatic pressing.
Preferably, the tungsten sheet 1 is tungsten potassium, tungsten rhenium alloy, or zirconium carbide doped tungsten alloy. The preparation of the W-Cu composite sheet for the first wall of the water-cooled ceramic cladding of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is further described. The method comprises the following key points and steps:
(1) and cutting the tungsten sheet 1 from the rolled tungsten plate on a line, then grinding each surface of the tungsten sheet 1 to Ra of less than 1.6 mu m by an upper grinding machine, cleaning and drying for later use.
(2) Putting the cleaned tungsten sheet 1 into a selective melting equipment printing chamber, and arranging the tungsten sheets 1 in a fixed tool according to a 2x10 array to ensure that the upper surface of the tungsten sheet 1 is on a plane.
(3) And (3) spreading tungsten powder and copper powder in a printing chamber in proportion, wherein the atomic proportion of the tungsten powder is 80% at the beginning, and after the tungsten piece is covered by the composite powder to a high degree, the composite powder is smoothed by a scraper, and the thickness of the composite powder is about 25 mu m.
(4) Selecting proper parameters to carry out selective melting of the composite powder in the area of the tungsten sheet 1, melting a layer of composite powder on the tungsten sheet 1 and depositing the composite powder on the tungsten sheet 1 to form a tungsten-based composite layer 2.
(5) According to the program, the printing plate automatically reduces the thickness of a printing layer, powder is spread again and is smoothed by a scraper, and then secondary selective melting is carried out.
(6) And carrying out multi-layer selective melting, and stopping selective melting after the thickness of the tungsten-based composite layer 2 reaches 0.2 mm.
(7) The tungsten-based composite layer 2 is divided into four layers, each layer is 50 mu m thick, and the proportion of tungsten in the four layers is 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% in sequence.
(8) And (3) placing the tungsten-based composite sheet into a hot isostatic pressing furnace, selecting proper hot isostatic pressing parameters to carry out diffusion welding, and selecting the hot isostatic pressing temperature of the tungsten-copper composite sheet to be 1050 ℃.
(9) The tungsten based compacts are machined to the required dimensions, typically 45x12x2.2mm, according to design.
The invention has not been described in detail and is part of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A process method for preparing a tungsten-based composite sheet by combining selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a) structural design: the tungsten-based composite sheet comprises a tungsten sheet (1) and a tungsten-based composite layer (2), wherein the thickness of the tungsten sheet (1) is 1-6mm, and the thickness of the tungsten-based composite layer (2) is 0.01-2 mm;
b) the connection process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking a tungsten sheet (1) as a matrix, carrying out selective melting of composite powder on the tungsten sheet (1) by adopting a selective laser melting technology, carrying out multilayer cladding, enabling a tungsten-based composite layer (2) to reach a certain thickness, placing the tungsten-based composite sheet into a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and carrying out diffusion welding of tungsten in the tungsten sheet (1) and the tungsten-based composite layer (2) and tungsten and other metals in the tungsten-based composite layer (2) by selecting proper hot isostatic pressing parameters.
2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tungsten sheet (1) is made of pure tungsten or tungsten-based alloy materials.
3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tungsten-based composite layer (2) is made of tungsten copper, tungsten nickel, ferrotungsten, tungsten chromium, tungsten vanadium, tungsten titanium, tungsten zirconium, tungsten vanadium chromium, tungsten vanadium copper or tungsten copper iron.
4. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the elements of the tungsten-based composite layer (2) are distributed in proportion in the thickness direction.
5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tungsten-based composite layer (2) is coated on the tungsten sheet (1) by adopting a selective laser melting method, the base material used by the tungsten-based composite layer (2) is tungsten powder, and the other material is copper powder, nickel powder, iron powder, chromium powder, vanadium powder, titanium powder or zirconium powder, or tungsten-vanadium alloy powder, copper-coated tungsten powder, nickel-coated tungsten powder, iron-coated tungsten powder, tungsten-chromium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium alloy powder, tungsten-titanium alloy powder, tungsten-zirconium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium-chromium alloy powder, tungsten-vanadium-copper alloy powder or tungsten-copper-iron alloy powder is directly used.
6. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selective laser melting refers to placing and fixing one or more tungsten sheets (1) in a melting chamber, then spreading powder, performing selective melting on each tungsten sheet (1), and performing selective melting for multiple times according to thickness requirements to prepare the tungsten-based composite sheet.
7. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the hot isostatic pressing process, element diffusion can occur to composite elements in the tungsten-based composite layer (2), and meanwhile, some closed gaps in the tungsten-based composite layer (2) can be closed, so that densification of the tungsten-based composite layer (2) is realized.
8. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tungsten sheet (1) is tungsten potassium, tungsten rhenium alloy or zirconium carbide doped tungsten alloy; the external dimension of the tungsten-based composite sheet is determined by design, and the external dimension of the tungsten-based composite sheet is processed after hot isostatic pressing.
9. The process of claim 4, wherein: the atomic fraction of tungsten in the tungsten-based composite layer (2) continuously changes from 100% to 0% in the thickness direction.
10. The process of claim 4, wherein: the tungsten-based composite layer (2) is divided into four layers, and the atomic fraction of tungsten is changed in a gradient manner in the thickness direction.
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