CN115194146B - Functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel connection - Google Patents

Functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel connection Download PDF

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CN115194146B
CN115194146B CN202210873008.3A CN202210873008A CN115194146B CN 115194146 B CN115194146 B CN 115194146B CN 202210873008 A CN202210873008 A CN 202210873008A CN 115194146 B CN115194146 B CN 115194146B
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tungsten
steel
copper
powder
layer material
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CN115194146A (en
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王纪超
王万景
李强
梁立振
许华旗
杜培松
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Institute of Energy of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/137—Spraying in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2207/00—Aspects of the compositions, gradients
    • B22F2207/01—Composition gradients
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Abstract

Compared with the traditional tungsten/steel gradient layer material, the tungsten/copper gradient layer material and the gradient layer material of multiple layers of different metals, the invention prevents tungsten from directly contacting steel by coating a small amount of copper on pure tungsten, and reduces brittle reaction products of tungsten and steel; the method can reduce the use of copper as much as possible, effectively solves the problems of irradiation embrittlement and creep, and simultaneously uses a gradient layer material which is a medium-activation and low-hydrogen embrittlement sensitive material, can effectively release the residual stress in the welding and service processes of tungsten and steel, and is a functional transition layer material with a large prospect and suitable for connecting fusion reactor tungsten and steel.

Description

Functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel connection
Technical Field
The invention discloses a functionally graded layer material suitable for connecting fusion reactor tungsten and steel, and belongs to the field of metal composite materials.
Background
Proliferation cladding is a critical component of future fusion stacks, carrying the important tasks of tritium production, nuclear heat removal and radiation shielding, although proliferation cladding can be classified into various types according to cooling means, such as water-cooled ceramic proliferation cladding, helium-cooled ceramic proliferation cladding, liquid lithium lead proliferation cladding, and the like. But essentially all comprise components such as a U-shaped first wall, cooling tubes (plates), back plates, etc. The first wall is one of the most important components of the propagation envelope, facing directly the plasma inside the vacuum chamber. The first wall parts of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) and the foreign various demonstration reactors (DEMO) are all in hydrogen isotope environment, and 14MeV neutrons and other high-energy particles generated by deuterium (D) +tritium (T) are irradiated, so that the first wall is mostly formed by connecting plasma-facing materials (such as tungsten, beryllium and graphite) and structural materials (such as low-activation ferrite/martensitic steel, copper alloy and the like). However, these two types of materials, such as tungsten and steel, have widely different thermophysical properties, such as linear expansion coefficients, and greater thermal stresses are generated at the structure during welding and service, and brittle reaction products are also generated to weaken the joint connection.
The tungsten and steel connecting technology widely adopted at present comprises hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding, brazing, plasma spraying and the like. To solve the problem of brittle phase generated by the thermal property matching and metallurgical reaction of tungsten and steel. Researchers have used transition layer metals to indirectly weld tungsten and steel. Since transition layer metals will be used in fusion environments, there is a need to meet performance requirements for weldability, low activation, low hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity, fatigue and creep resistance, and the like. The weldability is the most fundamental requirement, and comprises two important aspects, namely, the capability of thermal stress release and the capability of reducing or avoiding interface reaction products. It is difficult for the pure metals known to date to meet the above requirements simultaneously, for example, nickel and tungsten to form Ni 4 W reaction phase, and nickel is a highly radioactive element; titanium and steel produce Fe 2 Brittle phases such as Ti are highly hydrogen embrittlement sensitive although titanium is a low activation metal.
Researchers have developed tungsten/steel and tungsten/copper functionally graded layer materials that utilize tungsten and steel or tungsten and copper composition transitions to achieve performance transitions, thereby achieving stress sustained release. However, because the temperatures at which functionally graded layers of tungsten/steel are produced are generally relatively high, the formation of brittle reaction products of tungsten and iron, such as Fe, is unavoidable 7 W 6 . While functionally graded layers of tungsten and copper can also achieve graded transitions in performance and do not form brittle phases, copper is less resistant to creep and is not readily used too much.
Therefore, by combining the advantages of the tungsten/steel functional gradient layer and the tungsten/copper gradient layer, the direct contact of tungsten and steel can be avoided by chemically plating a thin layer of pure copper on the surface of tungsten and introducing a small amount of pure copper, and meanwhile, the component gradient transition of tungsten and steel can be realized, so that the tungsten/steel functional gradient layer composite material is a very promising functional gradient layer composite material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of a key transition layer material for connecting tungsten and steel, and mainly solves the problem that pure metal materials are difficult to simultaneously meet the service performance requirements of fusion reactor materials such as slow release stress, reduction of reaction products, low hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity, low activation and the like; the tungsten/steel and tungsten/copper functionally graded materials have brittle reaction phases and irradiation embrittlement and creep problems. Therefore, the invention provides a copper-clad tungsten/steel functionally graded layer material, which adopts a small amount of copper to clad pure tungsten, namely, the direct contact between tungsten and steel is prevented, and brittle reaction products are reduced; but also reduces the use of copper as much as possible, effectively solves the problems of irradiation embrittlement and creep deformation, and is a functional transition layer material with larger prospect and suitable for connecting fusion reactor tungsten and steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the functional gradient layer material is a component gradient composite material, and is prepared from (1) copper-clad tungsten powder and (2) steel powder or iron powder by a spray coating, solid-phase sintering or additive manufacturing method; the composition gradient refers to the volume percentage of copper-clad tungsten powder and steel powder from 100% of copper-clad tungsten and 0% of steel, and continuously or gradually transits to 0% of copper-clad tungsten and 100% of pure steel.
The copper-clad tungsten powder is composite metal powder plated with copper on the surface of tungsten powder by using an electroless plating method. The steel powder material is the same as the base metal steel material. The spraying method comprises vacuum plasma spraying, explosion spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying and cold spraying. The solid-phase sintering method comprises a vacuum hot-pressing method, a discharge plasma sintering method and a hot isostatic pressing method. The additive manufacturing method comprises a metal material powder bed melting process and a metal material directional energy deposition process.
The prepared component transition composite material has tungsten powder and steel powder uniformly distributed in copper, and tungsten and steel are not contacted, so that the brittle reaction phase generated by the metallurgical reaction of tungsten and steel is avoided.
The steel is low-activation ferrite/martensite (RAFM) steel or other steel suitable for fusion reactor with low radioactivity requirement. The average granularity phi of the tungsten powder is 1-10 mu m, and the electroless copper plating proportion W- (10% -50% vol) Cu. The average granularity phi of the steel powder or the iron powder is 5-100 mu m. The composite material is composed of pure tungsten/component gradient composite material/RAFM steel.
The transition mode of the component gradient composite material is continuous transition or gradual transition, wherein the continuous transition means that the volume proportion of copper-clad tungsten is continuously changed from 100% to 0%, and the volume proportion of steel is continuously changed from 0% to 100%. Wherein the gradual transition means that the volume ratio of the copper-clad tungsten to the steel gradually changes in multiple layers according to 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% -0%, and the volume ratio of the steel gradually changes according to 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% -100%. When the number of layers and the proportion of the copper-clad tungsten and the steel are gradually changed, the number of layers and the proportion of the copper-clad tungsten and the steel can be adjusted according to design requirements. Spray coating and additive manufacturing processes can be used to prepare continuous and progressive transition composition gradient composites. Solid phase sintering can be used to prepare the gradient composite material with progressive transition components.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a small amount of copper is used for coating pure tungsten, so that the direct contact between tungsten and steel can be prevented, and brittle reaction products are reduced; but also reduces the use of copper as much as possible, effectively solves the problems of irradiation embrittlement and creep, can well solve the difficulties existing in the prior art, and is a fusion reactor applicable functionally gradient material with potential for connecting tungsten and steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a copper-clad tungsten/iron gradient layer material by adopting a vacuum hot-pressed sintering method.
Wherein 1-iron powder, 2-copper-coated tungsten powder, 3-pure copper, 4-pure tungsten, 5-RAFM steel sheet, 6- (25 vol% copper-coated tungsten 75vol% iron mixed powder), 7- (50 vol% copper-coated tungsten 50vol% iron mixed powder), 8- (75 vol% copper-coated tungsten 25vol% iron mixed powder), 9-pure tungsten layer, 10- (25 vol% copper-coated tungsten 75vol% iron sheet), 11- (50 vol% copper-coated tungsten 50vol% iron sheet), 12- (75 vol% copper-coated tungsten 25vol% iron sheet).
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments thereof. The following examples are intended to be illustrative only and the scope of the invention is to be construed as including the full breadth of the claims and by the recitation of the following examples, the full breadth of the claims can be fully set forth by those skilled in the art.
The tungsten/(copper-clad tungsten/iron gradient layer)/RAFM steel material is prepared by a vacuum hot-pressing sintering method.
As shown in fig. 1, a functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel joining, the structure of which is divided into five layers. The functionally graded layer material comprises a pure tungsten layer 9, 75vol% copper-clad tungsten 25vol% RAFM steel sheet 12, 50vol% copper-clad tungsten 50vol% RAFM steel sheet 11, 25vol% copper-clad tungsten 75vol% RAFM steel sheet 10 and RAFM steel sheet 5 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top.
Copper-clad tungsten powder 2 (average particle size 6.9 μm, BC-WCU-1, copper content 10wt%, pure copper layer thickness about 0.95 μm) was prepared from pure copper 3 (particle size 3 μm) clad pure tungsten 4 (particle size 5 μm).
As shown in fig. 1, when the preparation is performed by a vacuum hot-pressed sintering method, the process steps are as follows:
1) Firstly, iron powder (MCIP-R-5, average particle size 57 μm) 1 and copper-clad tungsten powder 2 were mixed according to 25vol% copper-clad tungsten powder 2 and 75vol% iron powder 1 to obtain 25vol% copper-clad tungsten 75vol% RAFM iron mixed powder 6. Iron powder 1 and copper-clad tungsten powder 2 were mixed in such a manner that 50vol% of copper-clad tungsten powder 2 and 50vol% of iron powder 1 were mixed to obtain 50vol% of copper-clad tungsten 50vol% iron powder mixed powder 7. Iron powder 1 and copper-clad tungsten powder 2 were mixed in such a manner that 75vol% of copper-clad tungsten powder 2 and 25vol% of iron powder 1 were mixed to obtain 75vol% of copper-clad tungsten and 25vol% of iron mixed powder 8.
2) The mixed powder and RAFM steel sheet were laid on a pure tungsten sheet 9 in a certain thickness (0.5 mm) and order as shown in FIG. 1. The specific paving sequence is as follows: on a pure tungsten sheet 9, a mixed powder of 75vol% copper-clad tungsten, 25vol% iron powder, 8, 50vol% copper-clad tungsten, 50vol% iron powder, 7, 25vol% copper-clad tungsten, 75vol% RAFM iron, 6 and a RAFM steel sheet 5 were laminated in this order from bottom to top.
3) And (3) pre-compacting the paved multi-layer gradient layer material by using a molding press to obtain a tungsten/(copper-clad tungsten/iron gradient layer)/RAFM steel blank.
4) After compacting, putting the tungsten/(copper-clad tungsten/iron gradient layer)/RAFM steel blank into a vacuum hot press, controlling the temperature at 950 ℃, the pressure at 150MPa, and the heat preservation time for 2 hours, and performing vacuum hot press sintering to obtain the compact progressive transition tungsten/(copper-clad tungsten/iron gradient layer)/RAFM steel functional gradient layer material.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. The functional gradient layer material is characterized in that the functional gradient layer material is a component gradient composite material, and the component gradient composite material is prepared by (1) copper-clad tungsten powder and (2) steel powder through a spray coating, solid phase sintering or additive manufacturing method; the composition gradient refers to the volume percentage of copper-clad tungsten powder and steel powder from 100% of copper-clad tungsten and 0% of steel, and continuously or gradually transits to 0% of copper-clad tungsten and 100% of pure steel;
the transition mode of the component gradient composite material is continuous transition or gradual transition, wherein the continuous transition means that the volume proportion of copper-clad tungsten is continuously changed from 100% to 0%, and the volume proportion of steel is continuously changed from 0% to 100%; wherein the gradual transition means that the volume proportion of copper-clad tungsten gradually changes in multiple layers according to 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% -0%, and the volume proportion of steel gradually changes according to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% -100%; the prepared component gradient composite material has the advantages that tungsten powder and steel powder are uniformly distributed in copper, and tungsten and steel are not contacted, so that the brittle reaction phase generated by the metallurgical reaction of tungsten and steel is avoided;
the copper-clad tungsten powder is composite metal powder plated with copper on the surface of tungsten powder prepared by an electroless plating method, and the steel powder is made of low-activation ferrite/martensitic steel;
the spraying method comprises one or more of vacuum plasma spraying, explosion spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying and cold spraying; the solid-phase sintering method comprises one or more of a vacuum hot-pressing method, a discharge plasma sintering method and a hot isostatic pressing method; the additive manufacturing method comprises one or more of a metal material powder bed melting process and a metal material directional energy deposition process.
2. The functionally graded layer material of claim 1, wherein the functionally graded layer material comprises a pure tungsten layer, a 75vol% copper clad tungsten 25vol% low activation ferrite/martensite steel sheet, a 50vol% copper clad tungsten 50vol% low activation ferrite/martensite steel sheet, a 25vol copper clad tungsten 75vol% low activation ferrite/martensite steel sheet, and a low activation ferrite/martensite steel sheet, which are stacked in that order from bottom to top.
3. The functionally graded layer material of claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the copper-clad tungsten powder is from 1 μm to 10 μm, and the copper content is from 10wt% to 50% wtCu based on the total weight of the copper-clad tungsten powder.
4. A functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel joining according to claim 1, wherein said steel powder has an average particle size Φ between 5 and 100 μm.
5. A functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel joining according to claim 1, wherein said composite is composed of pure tungsten/compositionally graded composite/RAFM steel.
6. The functionally graded layer material suitable for fusion reactor tungsten and steel joining according to claim 1, wherein a continuous or progressive transition composition gradient composite material is prepared by spraying and additive manufacturing; and preparing the gradient composite material with progressive transition components by adopting solid phase sintering.
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