CN103160745B - A kind of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, its chemical composition has high Ta content.The present invention is by selecting the alloy raw material of high-quality, adopt brick vacuum induction furnace flue with control Al, the residual element such as B, adopt vacuum induction smelt and high vacuum (≤5 μ) and under induction stirring within a certain period of time gradation add the homogeneity of the compositions such as the method control Ta of Ta, under extremely low vacuum condition (set(ting)value is 0Torr), adopt consumable remelting refining technique to control the content of wherein gas and impurity element, final acquisition nuclear fusion stack large tonne of (4.5 tons) ultrapure clear height Ta low activation martensitic steel, consumable ingot annealing post-treatment its room-temperature mechanical property of sampling and testing of becoming a useful person is: Rm >=1300MPa, Rp0.2 >=950MPa, A >=14%, Z >=50%, Akv >=15J, achieve the industrialization manufacture of CLAM steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear fusion stack martensite type refractory steel, particularly relate to a kind of large tonne of high Ta low activation martensitic structure steel for nuclear fusion stack and manufacture thereof.
Background technology
Nuclear fusion energy is a kind of almost nexhaustible permanent " safety " and " cleaning " energy, be the future of world energy sources, nuclear fusion stack covering particularly tritium propagation cladding technique is that fusion reactor finally moves towards one of core matter of science and technology that commercial applications must develop.Wherein fusion reactor blanket is that fusion energy realizes one of core key technology of application, plays decisive action to the success or failure of fusion energy commercialization, and its major function realizes energy transformation, tritium propagation and contains plasma body etc.The radiation environment of nuclear fusion stack is more harsher than the radiation environment of nuclear fission, high-throughout By Fusion Neutron is to a material huge challenge especially, particularly to the challenge of fusion reactor blanket structured material, this problem becomes one of fusion reactor " bottleneck " problem realizing final commercial applications, is a major domain of fusion research in the world at present.
Nuclear fusion stack cladding structure material require has lower void swelling and excellent ermal physics, the mechanical property such as thermal expansivity, higher thermal conductivity, therefore generally believes that the martensite type refractory steel (RAFM steel) of low activation is the first-selected structured material of fusion reactor at present.Countries in the world are all developing and studying respective RAFM steel, and as F82H and JLF21 of Japan, the EUROF-ER97 in Europe and the 9Cr22WVTa etc. of the U.S., each material composition is as shown in table 1.
As nuclear fusion stack structured material, except considering the conventional material behavior such as tensile property, impact property, fracture toughness property, creep property, fatigue property, also need to consider that irradiation is on the impact of mechanical property, the mainly impact of the characteristic such as radiation embrittlement, void swelling.Radiation embrittlement characteristic generally represents with the change of ductil-brittle transition temperature (DBTT), and many tests all show: the constituent contents such as the DBTT of RAFM steel change and Cr, W, V, Ta, Mo, Nb and Ni are relevant; Void swelling is mainly by (n in material, a) with (n, P) He, H of generating of nuclear reaction and radiation defect gather and to cause, still be in conceptual phase due to current fusion and lack suitable By Fusion Neutron source, the means such as Irradiation simulating method and other small-sized By Fusion Neutron sources such as general employing fast neutron reactor, high fluence rate neutron pile, accelerator height accelerator energetic ion carry out exploring and studying, and its Influencing Mechanism is still not clear.
At present, plasma physics institute of the Chinese Chinese Academy of Sciences, with under domestic and international 10 Yu Jia units cooperations, has carried out the design and R&D work of Chinese low activation martensite CLAM (China Low Activation Martensitic) steel.Up to the present, this CLAM steel has carried out the vacuum induction melting of more than 20 heats, carry out sublimate smelting technology to explore, develop into the smelting level of hundreds of feather weight, major design composition content reaches stable controllable levels substantially, and produced various section bar, but smelting kilogram rank is lower.Abroad, melting more than the F82H of Japan and the EUROF-ER97 in Europe to carry out tonne, sublimate is smelted close to low activation levels requirement, and carried out comparatively comprehensively performance test, processing technology research and irradiation experiment research, but all do not carry out large tonne of industrialization trial-production research work of the high Ta of nuclear fusion stack low activatable structural steel.
Along with the progress of thermonuclear fusion technology, the construction of nucleosynthesis test cladding modular (TBM) and test reactor is imperative, the industrialized high Ta nuclear fusion stack cladding structure material of large tonne of active demand.
Several typical RAFM steel of table 1. and chemical composition (unit: wt%) thereof
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor and manufacture method thereof, vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable smelting technology is adopted to develop large tonne of (4.5 tons) ultrapure clear height Ta low activation martensitic steel, the content of its alloying element Ta is high, reach 0.18%, even reach 0.20%, its room-temperature mechanical property meets the service requirements of nucleosynthesis cladding modular, achieves the industrialization trial-production of CLAM steel.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The present invention is by selecting the alloy raw material of high-quality, adopt brick vacuum induction furnace flue with control Al, the residual element such as B, adopt vacuum induction smelt and high vacuum (≤5 μ) and under induction stirring within a certain period of time gradation add the homogeneity of the compositions such as the method control Ta of Ta, under extremely low vacuum condition (set(ting)value is 0Torr), adopt consumable remelting refining technique to control the content of wherein gas and impurity element, final acquisition nuclear fusion stack is with large tonne of (4.5 tons) ultrapure clear height Ta low activation martensitic steel (belonging to 1Cr9WVTa high temperature steel), achieve the industrialization trial-production of CLAM steel.
The present invention provide firstly a kind of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor.
A kind of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, its chemical component weight percentage composition is: C0.06-0.14%, Mn0.20-0.80%, Si≤0.20%, S≤0.010%, P≤0.010%, Ni≤0.20%, Cr8.00-10.0%, W1.10-1.90%, V0.10-0.30%, Ta0.10-0.20%, Cu≤0.10%, Co≤0.01%, Mo≤0.01%, Nb≤0.01%, Al≤0.03%, B≤0.001%, Ag≤0.001%, Sn≤0.01%, As≤0.01%, Sb≤0.01%, N≤0.02%, O≤0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, described Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, its chemical component weight percentage composition is: C0.08-0.11%, Mn0.35-0.80%, Si≤0.20%, S≤0.010%, P≤0.010%, Ni≤0.20%, Cr8.00-9.0%, W1.35-1.50%, V0.20-0.30%, Ta0.145-0.20%, Cu≤0.10%, Co≤0.01%, Mo≤0.01%, Nb≤0.01%, Al≤0.03%, B≤0.001%, Ag≤0.001%, Sn≤0.01%, As≤0.01%, Sb≤0.01%, N≤0.02%, O≤0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Of the present invention large tonne can up to the rank of 4.5 tons.
Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention, its room-temperature mechanical property is: Rm >=1300MPa, Rp0.2 >=950MPa, A >=14%, Z >=50%, Akv >=15J.
Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention, on the Research foundation of Fe-Cr-W system low activation martensitic steel, adopt the strengthening elements such as Mo, Nb and the Ni in the element substitution conventional mar steel such as W, Ta and V, and the principle of the impurity element and gas content that reduce impact activation designs alloying constituent, the effect of the main alloy element in its steel is as follows:
Carbon: in martensitic chromium stainless steel, carbon to make its most effective and the most cheap element obtaining hardenability.Carbon is austenite former and expands γ phase region.In Fe-Cr-C system, main is carbide mutually, and its type includes Cr
23c
6, Cr
7c
3, Fe
3c etc.In Martensite Stainless Steel, along with the raising of carbon amounts, the quenching hardness of steel improves thereupon, and its intensity is corresponding improve also, and plasticity, toughness, solidity to corrosion and welding property decline all thereupon simultaneously.Therefore, in dissimilar Martensite Stainless Steel, the choose reasonable of carbon, should take into full account the solubleness of carbon.The span of control of carbon of the present invention is 0.06%-0.14%, carbon lower than 0.06% time, then not having enough carbide and solid solution carbon in steel, is can not produce enough distortion in martensite process to strengthen martensitic stucture thus the intensity of acquisition steel plate at austenitic transformation; When requiring welding property, carbon content must between 0.10% ~ 0.15%; Due to the welding property that material require of the present invention is good, therefore carbon must control within the scope of 0.06%-0.14%, could obtain desirable hardenability and welding property.
Manganese: manganese is more weak austenite former, but there is the effect of strong stable austenite.In stainless steel, manganese normally remains in steel as deoxidant element.In the standard brand of Martensite Stainless Steel, the massfraction of Mn is no more than 1.0%.In steel of the present invention, Mn also needs to have the consistency improved with tritium multiplication agent liquid metal Li Pb, and therefore manganese of the present invention needs to control in the scope of 0.20%-0.80%.
Silicon: silicon is strong ferrite former, can the generation added promoting ferritic phase of silicon in the Martensite Stainless Steel of phase transformation, now must control the composition of steel, avoids the formation of single ferritic structure and lose hardenability.In addition, silicon and titanium compound add the mechanical property can improving steel.Silicon of the present invention residues in steel as deoxidant element, and formed for controlling ferritic phase, the massfraction of silicon controls below 0.20%.
Sulphur and phosphorus: sulphur and phosphorus are inevitable impurity elements in stainless steel, and it is more low better to wish.Sulphur forms plastic occluded foreignsubstance manganese sulfide with chemical combination such as manganese in steel, especially to the horizontal plastic property of steel and toughness unfavorable, it is more low better therefore to wish.Phosphorus is also the harmful element in steel, the plasticity of grievous injury steel and toughness.
Chromium: chromium is ferrite former is the available only element of industry making steel obtain rustless property.In Martensite Stainless Steel, chromium and the interaction of the carbon in steel, nitrogen make steel have stable γ phase or α+γ phase region when high temperature.Chromium reduces the velocity of transformation of austenite to ferrite and carbide, C curve is obviously moved to right, thus reduces the critical cooling velocity of quenching, cause the hardenability of steel to increase and obtain air quenching effect.Chromium affects more complicated to Martensite Stainless Steel mechanical property, and under Quench and temper condition, the increase of chromium makes stable ferrite quantity increase, and causes the hardness of steel and power resistance strength to decrease.In steel of the present invention, the content of Cr affects one of reason that RAFM steel ductil-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) changes, the RAFM steel of 7.0-9.0%Cr content demonstrates less than the steel irradiation hardening of other Cr content after neutron irradiation, more Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase is brittle, and 9.0%Cr has minimum DBTT value after pre-irradiation.Therefore the span of control of Cr of the present invention is 8.0-10.0%.
Tungsten: tungsten is ferrite former and carbide.The effect of tungsten in Martensite Stainless Steel is similar with molybdenum, and being mainly used in increases steel belt roof bolt stability, red hardness and heat resistance.Tungsten is solid-solution in matrix metal the recrystallization temperature improving sosoloid, adds tungsten and produces solution strengthening on the one hand, improve recrystallization temperature, hinder diffusion in Martensite Stainless Steel; Produce dispersion-strengthened action on the other hand.In steel of the present invention, tungsten is while the sufficient intensity needed for keeping, and also reduce the possibility that welded heat affecting zone Laves phase (laves phases) is separated out, therefore, W content of the present invention controls at 1.10%-1.90% most suitable.
Vanadium: vanadium major function in stainless steel is crystal grain thinning and forms the carbide of vanadium and carbonitride, reduces or avoids the Cr that is harmful to
23c
6type Carbide Precipitation, to improve in steel effectively chromium content and alleviate Cr
23c
6the Dilution level of the chromium caused, thus the corrosion resisting property improving steel greatly, especially improve the intergranular corrosion resistance performance of steel, and therefore, content of vanadium of the present invention controls at 0.10%-0.30% better.
Tantalum: in steel of the present invention, Ta can form a large amount of diffusion carbide, control grain growing, crystal grain thinning, the intensity of raising material and toughness, especially improves the radiation-resisting performance of steel, adds Ta content higher, improves the radiation-resisting performance effect of steel better.Because occurring in nature Nb, Ta are mineral intergrowths, containing a small amount of Nb in raw material metal Ta, add the amount that too high Ta can increase long radionuclide Nb, therefore Ta content of the present invention should control at 0.10%-0.20%.
In addition, steel of the present invention proposes more comprehensively and stricter requirement impurity elements such as Ni, Mo, Nb, Co, requires to control its content as far as possible, more low better.
The present invention also provides a kind of manufacture method of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, comprises the steps:
(1) vacuum induction is smelted
Technically pure iron is first adopted repeatedly to clean the vacuum induction furnace flue be built into by refractory brick, again according to the composition proportion of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, iron is added in the vacuum induction furnace after prepurging, be evacuated to 20 μ (i.e. 2.7Pa) below time energising smelting iron, other elements except tantalum are added successively after iron is melting down, then in 20-40 minute, point metal tantalum is added 3-6 time at vacuum tightness≤5 μ (i.e. 0.676Pa) and under induction stirring condition, refining 15-30 minute and adjust alloying constituent and reach ratio requirement;
(2) Zhen Kong Zi Mao smelts
Vacuum induction is smelted the molten steel obtained to be cast into two and to wait heavy electrode bar, then carries out annealing, surface finish process, Jin Hang Zi Mao remelting refining acquisition Zi Mao steel ingot under vacuum after the electrode bar after finishing welds with supporting electrode; Institute Huo Zi Mao steel ingot, successively after annealing, surface finish, obtains finishing steel ingot; Wherein, vacuum condition is the set(ting)value of vacuumometer is that (operating voltage of 1Torr=133.322Pa) ， Zi Mao remelting refining is 24-28V to 0Torr, electric current 4000-7000A;
(3) forging is become a useful person
The finishing steel ingot that step (2) obtains is incubated 3-5 hour at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, carries out forging processing, obtain Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor bar;
Or, the finishing steel ingot that step (2) obtains is incubated 3-5 hour, hammer cogging at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, then at 1130 DEG C-1170 DEG C, is incubated 1-3 hour, be rolled into sheet material, obtain Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor sheet material.
The finished product bar of acquisition and finished product plate sampling are carried out performance test analysis, and its room-temperature mechanical property is as follows: Rm >=1300MPa, Rp0.2 >=950MPa, A >=14%, Z >=50%, Akv >=15J.
Further, in step (1), the described method adding other elements except tantalum is successively: add the chromium metal except tantalum, tungsten, vanadium iron, carbon and other elements successively.Preferably, the carbon added selects spectrum level carbon, and the purity of this spectrum level carbon is >=99.99%.
Further, in step (2), the temperature of ， Zi Mao ingot annealing is 670-690 DEG C.
Further, in step (2), the diameter (representing with Φ) of the heavy every roots of electrode bar such as two is Φ 360mm, and the diameter of consumable steel ingot is Φ 423mm.
Further, in step (2), the heavy every roots of electrode bar such as two weigh 2.2 tons/root, consumable steel ingot heavy 2 tons.
Further, in step (2), the mode of the electrode bar welding after finishing is: afterbody and the supporting electrode of the electrode bar of being cast by vacuum induction weld, to ensure the homogenizing of the compositions such as Ta.
The present invention by selecting the alloy raw material of high-quality, adopt brick vacuum induction furnace stove flesh with the residual element such as controls Al, B, the smelting of employing vacuum induction and high vacuum (≤5 μ) and under induction stirring within a certain period of time gradation add the compositions such as the method control Ta of Ta homogeneity, under extremely low vacuum condition (set(ting)value is for 0Torr), adopt consumable remelting refining technique to control the content of wherein gas and impurity element, final acquisition nuclear fusion stack large tonne of (4.5 tons) ultrapure clear height Ta low activation martensitic steel, achieves the industrialization manufacture of CLAM steel.
In the manufacture method of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention:
1) alloying constituent of steel of the present invention and the raw material selected as follows:
The present invention selects the starting material preferably selecting high-quality during raw material, preferably selects spectrum level carbon as selected carbon.Adopt ferro-vanadium when the present invention selects vanadium, and the summation of iron in the amount of pure iron and vanadium iron meets the content of ferro element in steel.Starting material of the present invention are got the raw materials ready by the ratio requirement of alloying constituent each in steel, as prepared burden by the tonnagedemand of 4.5 tons, also can carry out the tonnages such as 4.0 tons, 3.5 tons, 3.0 tons by the requirement of above-mentioned formula and preparing burden.
Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention, on the basis of the low activation martensitic steel of Fe-Cr-W system, design appropriate alloying constituent, and make full use of the strengthening mechanism of the strengthening of each alloying element and pure tissue, effectively put forward heavy alloyed over-all properties; Improve the content of Ta, and the strict content controlling harmful element, ensure the Radiation Characteristics of alloy.
The Composition Design of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention, except considering conventional material property, prior consideration be raw material quality, process for smelting, low activation characteristic, Radiation Characteristics and with the consistency of liquid metal medium and erosion resistance etc.Adopt the strengthening elements such as Mo, Nb and the Ni in the element substitution conventional mar such as W, Ta and V, and the principle of the impurity element and gas content that reduce impact activation designs alloying constituent.Cr is the main forming element of martensitic steel; W is the important strengthening element of martensitic steel, and because W and Mo is symbiosis at occurring in nature, ensure the low levels of Mo, the content of W will have certain restriction, and W too high in addition can bring the problem separating out Laves phase at 550 DEG C; Ta and Nb is the element of symbiosis, there is the contradictory problems that W with Mo element is the same, must control the amount of adding Ta; Ni is face-centred cubic structure, radiation-resisting performance and the poor compatibility with tritium multiplication agent liquid metal medium; Although Mo is the element close with W, research test shows that its anti-low activation characteristic is not as the latter, and more low better; The equally anti-low activation characteristic of Nb and Mo is poor, and anti-liquid metal medium corrosive power is poor.
Therefore, the present invention, by improving Ta content, strictly controlling the content (especially Ni, Nb, Cu, Co, Al, B etc.) of impurity element and the strict content controlling gas, could obtain the large tonne high Ta low activation martensitic steel meeting nuclear fusion stack.
2) vacuum induction of steel of the present invention is smelted:
The vacuum induction furnace flue that the present invention first adopts technically pure iron repeatedly to clean to be built into by refractory brick, again according to the composition proportion of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, iron is added in the vacuum induction furnace after prepurging, be energized when being evacuated to 20 below μ smelting iron, other elements except tantalum are added successively after iron is melting down, then in 20-40 minute, point metal tantalum is added 3-6 time, sampling and testing composition after refining 15-30 minute at vacuum tightness≤5 μ and under induction stirring condition; Adjust alloying constituent according to the analytical results of composition to make it to reach requirement.
The present invention needs the high-quality raw material selecting high cleanliness, especially selects the pure iron of high-quality, with the radiation embrittlement characteristic ensureing that in Steel Alloy, long radionuclide (as Mo, Nb, Co etc.) content is low and good; The metal of high-quality and alloy raw material is selected to avoid causing residual element content high because of nature symbiosis; Adopt the vacuum induction furnace flue that is built into of refractory brick and the pure iron prepurging being equipped with 2-3 time can ensure the pole low levels requirement of B, Al.General vacuum induction furnace flue adopts the making such as magnesia or quartz sand, needs to use boric acid etc. to contain B substance, even if use new furnace lining and repeatedly pure iron prepurging, is all difficult to the pole low levels requirement ensureing B, Al.
Tantalum (Ta) is oxidizable, that nucleidic mass is large, fusing point is high metal, add condition and mode is very harsh, otherwise easily cause uneven components and scaling loss, therefore, under the present invention adopts high vacuum (≤5 μ) and after the abundant deoxidation of spectrum level carbon and a small amount of metal M n, under induction stirring, add metal tantalum several times in 20-40 minute, then coordinate the refining of 15-30 minute can ensure the homogeneity of composition.So the present invention's vacuum induction furnace stove flesh of adopting refractory brick to be built into and special vacuum metling technique can the homogenizing of the composition such as control Ta.
3) vacuum consumable of steel of the present invention is smelted:
The present invention adopts vacuum consumable smelting technology to be further pure alloy structure, to remove impurity and the indispensable step of gas content, remelting refining under extremely low vacuum condition (set(ting)value is 0Torr), and be equipped with suitable voltage and current, impel the impurity element especially removal of low melting point element and the effusion of gas, guarantee remnants, impurity element S, P, As, Sb, Sn reach the content range of alloying constituent and ensure that gas content reaches N≤0.02%, the content requirement of O≤0.005%.Because Ta content is high and than great in Steel Alloy of the present invention, except above-mentioned optimization consumable technique, the afterbody of the electrode bar also vacuum induction will cast weld with supporting electrode and carry out consumable refusion and smelting, the homogenizing of the compositions such as guarantee Ta.
4) forging or forging, hot rolling becomes a useful person:
Consumable steel ingot of the present invention adopts conventional forging process to carry out forging hot-work, and diameter is that the bar of Φ 40-50mm directly forges and becomes a useful person; Thickness is that the heavy-gauge sheeting of 10-22mm adopts the thick forging stock of 50mm to become a useful person through four-high mill Direct Rolling.Forge Heating temperature is 1160 DEG C ± 20 DEG C, insulation 3-5 hour; Hot rolling Heating temperature is 1150 DEG C ± 20 DEG C, insulation 1.0-3.0 hour.
Compared with prior art, Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention is a kind of cladding structure material for nuclear fusion stack, has following features:
1. the present invention adopts vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable smelting technology to develop large tonne of (4.5 tons) ultrapure clear height Ta low activation martensitic steel, achieves the industrialization trial-production of CLAM steel.
2., in Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present invention, the content of its alloying element Ta is high, reaches 0.18%, even reaches 0.20%.
3. the present invention is by the vacuum melting technique optimized, and makes all kinds of impurity element of steel interalloy and gas content reach the low activation levels of CLAM steel.
4. alloy steel ingot of the present invention through forging or forging, rolling processing become a useful person, annealing after sampling and testing material, its room-temperature mechanical property is: Rm >=1300MPa, Rp0.2 >=950MPa, A >=14%, Z >=50%, Akv >=15J, meets the service requirements of nucleosynthesis cladding modular.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of following examples is all according to the material preparation of 4.5 tons.
Embodiment 1
The manufacture method of the Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present embodiment, comprises the steps:
(1) vacuum induction is smelted:
Technically pure iron is first adopted repeatedly to clean the vacuum induction furnace stove flesh be built into by refractory brick, again according to the composition proportion of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, iron is added in the vacuum induction furnace after prepurging, be evacuated to 20 μ (i.e. 2.7Pa) below time energising smelting iron, other elements except tantalum are added successively after iron is melting down, then in 20-40 minute, point metal tantalum is added 3-6 time at vacuum tightness≤5 μ (i.e. 0.676Pa) and under induction stirring condition, sampling and testing composition after refining 15-30 minute, analytical results adjustment alloying constituent according to composition reaches ratio requirement.
(2) Zhen Kong Zi Mao smelts:
Vacuum induction is smelted the molten steel obtained and is cast into the electrode bar of two Φ 360mm, then carry out annealing, crop, surperficial car stripping finishing process, after two electrode bars welding after finishing, Jin Hang Zi Mao remelting becomes Φ 423mm Zi Mao ingot under vacuum; Obtain from Mao steel ingot successively through annealing, the hot-work after surface finish of 670-690 DEG C.Wherein, vacuum condition is the set(ting)value of vacuumometer is that (operating voltage of 1Torr=133.322Pa) ， Zi Mao remelting is 24-28V to 0Torr, electric current 4000-7000A.The mode of the electrode bar welding after above-mentioned finishing is: afterbody and the supporting electrode of the electrode bar of being cast by vacuum induction weld, to ensure the homogenizing of the compositions such as Ta.
(3) forging is become a useful person:
Finishing consumable ingot step (2) obtained is incubated 3-5 hour at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, hammer cogging, (50mm represents slab thickness to be swaged into the slab of 50mm × 600mm × Lmm, 600mm represents width of plate slab, L represents slab length), after slab finishing at 1130 DEG C-1170 DEG C heating and thermal insulation 1-3 hour, 10-22 × 600-620 × Lmm Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor sheet material is directly rolled into through four-high mill, after 670-690 DEG C of annealing, composition and performance test are carried out in sampling, and its test result is as shown in table 2,3,4,5.
Embodiment 2
The manufacture method of the Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present embodiment, comprises the steps:
(1) vacuum induction is smelted:
Technically pure iron is first adopted repeatedly to clean the vacuum induction furnace stove flesh be built into by refractory brick, again according to the composition proportion (as shown in table 2) of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, iron is added in the vacuum induction furnace after prepurging, be evacuated to 20 μ (i.e. 2.7Pa) below time energising smelting iron, other elements except tantalum are added successively after iron is melting down, then in 20-40 minute, point metal tantalum is added 3-6 time at vacuum tightness≤5 μ (i.e. 0.676Pa) and under induction stirring condition, sampling and testing composition after refining 15-30 minute, analytical results adjustment alloying constituent according to composition reaches ratio requirement.
(2) Zhen Kong Zi Mao smelts:
Vacuum induction is smelted the molten steel obtained and is cast into the electrode bar of two Φ 360mm, then carry out annealing, crop, surperficial car stripping finishing process, after two electrode bars welding after finishing, Jin Hang Zi Mao remelting becomes Φ 423mm Zi Mao ingot under vacuum; Obtain from Mao steel ingot successively through annealing, the hot-work after surface finish of 670-690 DEG C.Wherein, vacuum condition is the set(ting)value of vacuumometer is that (operating voltage of 1Torr=133.322Pa) ， Zi Mao remelting is 24-28V to 0Torr, electric current 4000-7000A.The mode of the electrode bar welding after above-mentioned finishing is: afterbody and the supporting electrode of the electrode bar of being cast by vacuum induction weld, to ensure the homogenizing of the compositions such as Ta.
(3) forging is become a useful person:
The finishing steel ingot that step (2) obtains is incubated 3-5 hour at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, carry out forging processing, 2-3 fire is swaged into Φ 40mm × Lmm bar, and the Heating temperature of last fire is 1150 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, obtains Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor bar; After 670-690 DEG C of annealing, composition and performance test are carried out in sampling, and its test result is as shown in table 2,3,4,5.
Embodiment 3
The manufacture method of the Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor of the present embodiment, comprises the steps:
(1) vacuum induction is smelted:
Technically pure iron is first adopted repeatedly to clean the vacuum induction furnace flue be built into by refractory brick, again according to the composition proportion (as shown in table 2) of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, iron is added in the vacuum induction furnace after prepurging, be evacuated to 20 μ (i.e. 2.7Pa) below time energising smelting iron, other elements except tantalum are added successively after iron is melting down, then in 20-40 minute, point metal tantalum is added 3-6 time at vacuum tightness≤5 μ (i.e. 0.676Pa) and under induction stirring condition, sampling and testing composition after refining 15-30 minute, analytical results adjustment alloying constituent according to composition reaches ratio requirement.
(2) Zhen Kong Zi Mao smelts:
Vacuum induction is smelted the molten steel obtained and is cast into the electrode bar of two Φ 360mm, then carry out annealing, crop, surperficial car stripping finishing process, after two electrode bars welding after finishing, Jin Hang Zi Mao remelting becomes Φ 423mm Zi Mao ingot under vacuum; Obtain from Mao steel ingot successively through annealing, the hot-work after surface finish of 670-690 DEG C.Wherein, vacuum condition is the set(ting)value of vacuumometer is that (operating voltage of 1Torr=133.322Pa) ， Zi Mao remelting is 24-28V to 0Torr, electric current 4000-7000A.The mode of the electrode bar welding after above-mentioned finishing is: afterbody and the supporting electrode of the electrode bar of being cast by vacuum induction weld, to ensure the homogenizing of the compositions such as Ta.
(3) forging is become a useful person:
The finishing steel ingot that step (2) obtains is incubated 3-5 hour at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, carry out forging processing, 2-3 fire is swaged into Φ 40mm × Lmm bar, and the Heating temperature of last fire is 1150 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, obtains Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor bar; After 670-690 DEG C of annealing, composition and performance test are carried out in sampling, and its test result is as shown in table 2,3,4,5.
Composition analysis after the vacuum induction electrode of the various embodiments described above and consumable steel ingot sample is as shown in table 2, and result shows the component requirements reaching alloy of the present invention; Steel ingot checks the macrostructure rank of alloy bar material as shown in table 3 by ASTMA604 after becoming a useful person, and result shows that the severity of finished product material macrostructure defect is not more than B level, meets the demands; Steel ingot become a useful person after inclusion inspection carry out according to the regulation of GB GB/T10561-2005, result is as shown in table 4, also meets technical requirement; Finished product material samples the room temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature test result of carrying out in table 5, and result shows that the room-temperature mechanical property of alloy meets service requirements, and has good mechanical behavior under high temperature.
The chemical composition (wt%) of table 2 alloy vacuum induction of the present invention and consumable ingot
| Alloying element | C | Mn | Si | S | P | Ni | Cr | W | V | Ta | N |
| Embodiment 1 (induction) | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.15 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.02 | 8.73 | 1.42 | 0.22 | 0.165 | 0.010 |
| Embodiment 2 (induction) | 0.08 | 0.72 | 0.14 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.02 | 8.80 | 1.43 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.012 |
| Embodiment 3 (induction) | 0.11 | 0.65 | 0.15 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.02 | 8.99 | 1.45 | 0.24 | 0.150 | 0.009 |
| Embodiment 1-1 (consumable) | 0.10 | 0.41 | 0.14 | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 8.70 | 1.37 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 1-2 (consumable) | 0.09 | 0.48 | 0.14 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 8.70 | 1.38 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 2-1 (consumable) | 0.08 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 8.75 | 1.40 | 0.26 | 0.165 | 0.005 |
| Embodiment 2-2 (consumable) | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.12 | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 8.78 | 1.42 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.005 |
| Embodiment 3-1 (consumable) | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 8.91 | 1.44 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 3-2 (consumable) | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 8.93 | 1.43 | 0.24 | 0.145 | 0.004 |
| Alloying element | Cu | Nb | Mo | Al | O | Co | Ag | B | Sn | As | Sb |
| Embodiment 1 (induction) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 2 (induction) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 3 (induction) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 1-1 (consumable) | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.01 | ＜0.005 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 1-2 (consumable) | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.0035 | 0.01 | ＜0.005 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Embodiment 2-1 (consumable) | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.0035 | 0.01 | ＜0.005 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 2-2 (consumable) | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.0035 | 0.01 | ＜0.005 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 3-1 (consumable) | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.0030 | 0.01 | ＜0.005 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Embodiment 3-2 (consumable) | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.0035 | 0.01 | ＜0.005 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
The macrostructure rank of table 3 alloy bar material of the present invention
| Project | Hole | Hickie | Radioactivity segregation | Annular tissue |
| Alloy requirement of the present invention | B | B | B | B |
| Embodiment 1 | A | A | A | A |
| Embodiment 2 | A | A | A | B |
| Embodiment 3 | A | A | A | A |
The non-metallic inclusion rank of table 4 alloy bar material of the present invention
Table 5 alloy bar material of the present invention mechanical property and mechanical behavior under high temperature
Claims (6)
1. a Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, its chemical component weight percentage composition is: C 0.06-0.14%, Mn 0.20-0.80%, Si≤0.20%, S≤0.010%, P≤0.010%, Ni≤0.20%, Cr 8.00-10.0%, W 1.10-1.90%, V 0.10-0.30%, Ta 0.10-0.20%, Cu≤0.10%, Co≤0.01%, Mo≤0.01%, Nb≤0.01%, Al≤0.03%, B≤0.001%, Ag≤0.001%, Sn≤0.01%, As≤0.01%, Sb≤0.01%, N≤0.02%, O≤0.005%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity, the room-temperature mechanical property of described Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor is: Rm >=1300MPa, Rp0.2 >=950MPa, A >=14%, Z >=50%, Akv >=15J, described large tonne can up to the rank of 4.5 tons.
2. the manufacture method of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor as claimed in claim 1, comprises the steps:
(1) vacuum induction is smelted
Technically pure iron is first adopted repeatedly to clean the vacuum induction furnace flue be built into by refractory brick, again according to the composition proportion of above-mentioned Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor, iron is added in the vacuum induction furnace after prepurging, be energized when being evacuated to 20 below μ smelting iron, other elements except tantalum are added successively after iron is melting down, then in 20-40 minute, point metal tantalum is added 3-6 time at vacuum tightness≤5 μ and under induction stirring condition, refining 15-30 minute and adjust alloying constituent and reach ratio requirement;
(2) Zhen Kong Zi Mao smelts
Vacuum induction is smelted the molten steel obtained to be cast into two and to wait heavy electrode bar, then carries out annealing, surface finish process, Jin Hang Zi Mao remelting refining acquisition Zi Mao steel ingot under vacuum after the electrode bar after finishing welds with supporting electrode; Institute Huo Zi Mao steel ingot, successively after annealing, surface finish, obtains finishing steel ingot; Wherein, the operating voltage of vacuum condition to be the set(ting)value of vacuumometer be 0Torr ， Zi Mao remelting refining is 24-28V, electric current 4000-7000A;
(3) forging is become a useful person
Finishing steel ingot step (2) obtained carries out forging processing at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, obtains Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor bar;
Or, the finishing steel ingot that step (2) obtains is incubated 3-5 hour, hammer cogging at 1140 DEG C-1180 DEG C, then at 1130 DEG C-1170 DEG C, is incubated 1.0-3.0 hour, be rolled into sheet material, obtain Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor sheet material.
3. the manufacture method of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the described method adding other elements except tantalum is successively: add the chromium metal except tantalum, tungsten, vanadium iron, carbon and other elements successively.
4. the manufacture method of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in step (2), the temperature of ， Zi Mao ingot annealing is 670-690 DEG C.
5. the manufacture method of Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the mode of the electrode bar welding after finishing is: the afterbody of the electrode bar after finishing and supporting electrode are welded.
6. the manufacture method of the Large-tonnage high-Ta low-activation martensitic steel for nuclear fusion reactor as described in as arbitrary in claim 2-5, is characterized in that, the finished product bar of acquisition and finished product sheet material, its room-temperature mechanical property is: Rm >=1300MPa, Rp0.2 >=950MPa, A >=14%, Z >=50%, Akv >=15J.
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