CN106491399A - 一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106491399A
CN106491399A CN201610976217.5A CN201610976217A CN106491399A CN 106491399 A CN106491399 A CN 106491399A CN 201610976217 A CN201610976217 A CN 201610976217A CN 106491399 A CN106491399 A CN 106491399A
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丁城峰
彭柱
朱新成
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CHENGDU LUJIN BIOLOGICAL SCI-TECH Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法，喷雾剂由PEG‑7椰油甘油酯 PEG‑40氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐月桂酸酯、苦参碱、除虫菊素、蛇床子素、去离子水，与印楝素或印楝油中的至少一种组成，还可以包括除虫菊素、蛇床子素、苦参碱中的至少一种；制备方法包括称量和分散。本发明的配方中采用印楝素或印楝油为主要功能成分，与其他原料合理配伍，能有效缓解动物皮肤瘙痒、局部红斑、脱毛等症状。本发明的产品主要活性成分源自天然植物提取精华，安全、环保、成分简单，对虫、螨防治效果好且防效持久；本发明采用纳米剪切机对原料进行剪切，通过纳米技术使各原料充分混匀，制备方法简单、操作方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。

Description

一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喷雾剂，具体涉及一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
印楝(Azadirachta indica)属于楝科Miliaceae，为常绿乔木，印楝种子、叶和树皮主要用于医药、燃料、润滑剂等，它对许多农林牧害虫具有拒食、驱避等明显效果，可用作杀虫剂。迄今为止，亦发现浓度在010-100ppm浓度的印楝素对近200多种昆虫都具有明显的防治作用，特别是对那些已产生严重抗性的害虫。
国内外的大量研究结果表明：印楝素具有高效、广谱和低毒特点，其半数致死量LD50约为5000mg/kg，具有抑制害虫生长发育、拒食、忌避等防虫效果，甚至对多种线虫和真菌也具有很好的杀灭作用。
近十多年来，各国科学家用现代生物医学技术和方法，对印楝树的多种提取物进行了一系列的研究，发现其具有抗病毒(包括艾滋病毒)、抗菌(包括大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、金黄葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、口腔突变链球菌、肠球菌、各种革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌等)和抗真菌的明显作用；另外在避孕、抗肿瘤、保肝、降血糖、免疫调节等方面也有一定的疗效。
随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加速，宠物饲养的热潮在我国都市中蓬勃兴起。但随之而来的是宠物体外易于寄生各种害虫，如虱子、螨虫和跳蚤等，有时还会携带种类病菌，危害宠物身体健康，还可能引起人、畜疾病的交叉感染。目前，现有的宠物、及家禽等动物除虱驱螨喷雾剂种类较单一，且大多含有化学合成物质，影响动物的健康且有害环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，该喷雾剂安全、环保、除虫除螨效果好且防效持久；
本发明的另一目的在于提供此种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，该方法操作简单、制备方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
作为优选方案：以重量份计，其组份为：
一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到40～60℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，将混合物制成喷雾剂，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂。
进一步地，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5～15m/S，剪切时间为10～20min。
本发明具有以下优点：本发明的配方中采用印楝素或印楝油为主要功能成分，与其他原料合理配伍，能有效缓解动物皮肤瘙痒、局部红斑、脱毛等症状。印楝油是一种从印楝树种子中提取的植物精油，含有活性成分印楝素，具有强效的抗微生物活性，同时具有驱虫效果。本发明的产品主要活性成分为天然提取植物精华，安全、环保，对虫、螨见效快、防治效果好且防效持久；本发明的制备方法采用纳米剪切机对原料进行剪切，通过纳米技术使各原料充分混匀，制备方法简单、操作方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的描述，本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
实施例1：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到40℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5m/S，剪切时间为20min。
实施例2：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到60℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为15m/S，剪切时间为10min。
实施例3：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到45℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为7m/S，剪切时间为12min。
实施例4：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到50℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为10m/S，剪切时间为15min。
实施例5：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到53℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为12m/S，剪切时间为17min。
实施例6：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到58℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为14m/S，剪切时间为19min。
实施例7：一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，以重量份计，其组份为：
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到43℃，备用；
S2.分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其中，所述纳米剪切机的线速度为7m/S，剪切时间为16min。
以下通过试验说明书本发明的有益效果：
1.供试药物和动物
实施例1-7制备的除虱驱螨喷雾剂；临床确诊感染虱、螨虫、跳蚤等体外寄生虫病的家养宠物犬、猫共350例。
2方法
2.1对常见外寄生虫杀灭效果观察
对感染有虱、蚤的宠物犬，使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂后，于24-72h观察其临床症状，以判断外寄生虫感染情况。采取毛样，镜检外寄生虫的种类及其数量，挑出虫体，镜检存活情况，僵直无活动性者判作死亡。对确诊患有螨病的宠物七天后分别刮取病料镜检，观察螨虫的活动情况及其宠物的临床症状。
除虱驱螨喷雾剂驱虫试验效果判定标准：
治愈：一个疗程后，所有临床症状消失，宠物活动恢复正常，检查未见病原体及病原体排泄物。
有效：一个疗程后，所有临床症状减轻，但未恢复至发病前状态，检查病原体及病原体排泄物的数量明显减少。
无效：一个疗程后，临床症状无明显变化甚至加重，检查病原体及病原体排泄物未见减少。
2.2体外杀灭外寄生虫试验
将从宠物体表捕捉到的外寄生虫置于平皿中，同时于平皿中喷适量除虱驱螨喷雾剂，胶带密封平皿。室温22℃下，于解剖镜下每小时观察1次，连续观察6h后，每隔6h观察1次至48h，观察除虱驱螨喷雾剂对虫体的作用。对照组不使用除虱驱螨喷雾剂。以寄生虫肢体和脚爪不动并僵直判为死亡。
3检测结果
3.1对常见外寄生虫杀灭效果
选取临床上感染虱、蚤外寄生虫病的宠物犬、猫共350例，其中，分成7组，每组50只，分别编号为1，2，3，4，5，6，7；病例外寄生虫病临床特征明显，动物表现为烦躁不安、搔痒、四处挠蹭，查看毛根部可发现有虱、蚤排泄物。
使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂，实施例1-7的除虱驱螨喷雾剂分别对应于编号为1，2，3，4，5，6，7的宠物，于24h后观察其临床反应，其中337只宠物犬临床症状消失，无搔痒现象，饮食休息均恢复正常，给宠物洗澡后24h再次查看毛根部未发现虱、蚤排泄物；8只宠物犬临床症状明显减轻，饮食休息基本恢复正常，洗澡后24h检查发现仅有少量虱、蚤排泄物；5只宠物犬使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂后临床症状无明显变化，且实施例7的除虱驱螨喷雾剂效果最好，具体结果如表1所示。
表1：对常见外寄生虫杀灭效果实验结果
选取临床上感染螨类外寄生虫的宠物犬、猫共100例。感染螨病的宠物眼眶周围、鼻部脱毛明显，部分宠物脱毛部位皮肤出现色素沉淀。采取毛样，镜检后可见螨虫活体。使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂，于3d后再次采取毛样镜检观察螨虫活动状况，发现螨虫数量、活性与使用除虱驱螨喷雾剂前明显减少和降低，表明供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂对宠物螨病的临床使用效果良好。
3.2体外杀灭外寄生虫效果
从临床发病病例体表抓取虱、蚤共计350只，将其中175只置于平皿中，同时于平皿中喷适量实施例1-7制备的除虱驱螨喷雾剂，设为实验组：另外175只置于平皿内，作为对照组，分别用胶带密封平皿，室温22℃下，于解剖镜下观察。判定标准：虫体肢体和脚爪不动并僵直判为死亡。
试验组连续观察5h，平皿中虱、蚤活动能力下降，8h后全部死亡，肢体僵直，无活动，随后肢体收缩成团；对照平皿中175只寄生虫12h均未见异常，活动正常，如表2所示。体外试验结果表明受试喷雾剂对驱除虱、蚤外寄生虫效果良好。
表2：体外杀灭外寄生虫效果实验结果
名称 5h 8h 12h
实验组(175只) 虱、蚤活动能力下降 全部死亡 全部死亡
对照组(175只) 未见异常 未见异常 未见异常

Claims (4)

1.一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其特征在于：以重量份计，其组份为：
PEG-7椰油甘油酯：2～15 ；PEG-40氢化蓖麻油：1～8；
聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐月桂酸酯： 8～10；苦参碱：0～10；
印楝素：0～10；印楝油：0～10；
除虫菊素：0～10；蛇床子素：0～15；
去离子水：50～70，其中，印楝素和印楝油不能同时为0。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂，其特征在于：以重量份计，其组份为：
PEG-7椰油甘油酯：10；PEG-40氢化蓖麻油：5；
聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐月桂酸酯：9；苦参碱：3；
印楝素：0.5；印楝油：5；
除虫菊素：1.5；蛇床子素：10；
去离子水：60。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤：
S1. 称量：按上述配方比例称取各原料，并将水加热到40～60℃，备用；
S2. 分散：将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散，将混合物制成喷雾剂，制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5～15m/S，剪切时间为10～20min。
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