CN106491399B - 一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法,喷雾剂由PEG‑7椰油甘油酯PEG‑40氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐月桂酸酯、苦参碱、除虫菊素、蛇床子素、去离子水,与印楝素或印楝油中的至少一种组成,还可以包括除虫菊素、蛇床子素、苦参碱中的至少一种;制备方法包括称量和分散。本发明的配方中采用印楝素或印楝油为主要功能成分,与其他原料合理配伍,能有效缓解动物皮肤瘙痒、局部红斑、脱毛等症状。本发明的产品主要活性成分源自天然植物提取精华,安全、环保、成分简单,对虫、螨防治效果好且防效持久;本发明采用纳米剪切机对原料进行剪切,通过纳米技术使各原料充分混匀,制备方法简单、操作方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喷雾剂,具体涉及一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
印楝(Azadirachta indica)属于楝科Miliaceae,为常绿乔木,印楝种子、叶和树皮主要用于医药、燃料、润滑剂等,它对许多农林牧害虫具有拒食、驱避等明显效果,可用作杀虫剂。迄今为止,亦发现浓度在010-100ppm浓度的印楝素对近200多种昆虫都具有明显的防治作用,特别是对那些已产生严重抗性的害虫。
国内外的大量研究结果表明:印楝素具有高效、广谱和低毒特点,其半数致死量LD50约为5000mg/kg,具有抑制害虫生长发育、拒食、忌避等防虫效果,甚至对多种线虫和真菌也具有很好的杀灭作用。
近十多年来,各国科学家用现代生物医学技术和方法,对印楝树的多种提取物进行了一系列的研究,发现其具有抗病毒(包括艾滋病毒)、抗菌(包括大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、金黄葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、口腔突变链球菌、肠球菌、各种革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌等)和抗真菌的明显作用;另外在避孕、抗肿瘤、保肝、降血糖、免疫调节等方面也有一定的疗效。
随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,宠物饲养的热潮在我国都市中蓬勃兴起。但随之而来的是宠物体外易于寄生各种害虫,如虱子、螨虫和跳蚤等,有时还会携带种类病菌,危害宠物身体健康,还可能引起人、畜疾病的交叉感染。目前,现有的宠物、及家禽等动物除虱驱螨喷雾剂种类较单一,且大多含有化学合成物质,影响动物的健康且有害环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,该喷雾剂安全、环保、除虫除螨效果好且防效持久;
本发明的另一目的在于提供此种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,该方法操作简单、制备方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
作为优选方案:以重量份计,其组份为:
一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到40~60℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,将混合物制成喷雾剂,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂。
进一步地,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5~15m/S,剪切时间为10~20min。
本发明具有以下优点:本发明的配方中采用印楝素或印楝油为主要功能成分,与其他原料合理配伍,能有效缓解动物皮肤瘙痒、局部红斑、脱毛等症状。印楝油是一种从印楝树种子中提取的植物精油,含有活性成分印楝素,具有强效的抗微生物活性,同时具有驱虫效果。本发明的产品主要活性成分为天然提取植物精华,安全、环保,对虫、螨见效快、防治效果好且防效持久;本发明的制备方法采用纳米剪切机对原料进行剪切,通过纳米技术使各原料充分混匀,制备方法简单、操作方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
实施例1:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到40℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5m/S,剪切时间为20min。
实施例2:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到60℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为15m/S,剪切时间为10min。
实施例3:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到45℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为7m/S,剪切时间为12min。
实施例4:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到50℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为10m/S,剪切时间为15min。
实施例5:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到53℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为12m/S,剪切时间为17min。
实施例6:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到58℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为14m/S,剪切时间为19min。
实施例7:一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,以重量份计,其组份为:
上述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到43℃,备用;
S2.分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其中,所述纳米剪切机的线速度为7m/S,剪切时间为16min。
以下通过试验说明书本发明的有益效果:
1.供试药物和动物
实施例1-7制备的除虱驱螨喷雾剂;临床确诊感染虱、螨虫、跳蚤等体外寄生虫病的家养宠物犬、猫共350例。
2方法
2.1对常见外寄生虫杀灭效果观察
对感染有虱、蚤的宠物犬,使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂后,于24-72h观察其临床症状,以判断外寄生虫感染情况。采取毛样,镜检外寄生虫的种类及其数量,挑出虫体,镜检存活情况,僵直无活动性者判作死亡。对确诊患有螨病的宠物七天后分别刮取病料镜检,观察螨虫的活动情况及其宠物的临床症状。
除虱驱螨喷雾剂驱虫试验效果判定标准:
治愈:一个疗程后,所有临床症状消失,宠物活动恢复正常,检查未见病原体及病原体排泄物。
有效:一个疗程后,所有临床症状减轻,但未恢复至发病前状态,检查病原体及病原体排泄物的数量明显减少。
无效:一个疗程后,临床症状无明显变化甚至加重,检查病原体及病原体排泄物未见减少。
2.2体外杀灭外寄生虫试验
将从宠物体表捕捉到的外寄生虫置于平皿中,同时于平皿中喷适量除虱驱螨喷雾剂,胶带密封平皿。室温22℃下,于解剖镜下每小时观察1次,连续观察6h后,每隔6h观察1次至48h,观察除虱驱螨喷雾剂对虫体的作用。对照组不使用除虱驱螨喷雾剂。以寄生虫肢体和脚爪不动并僵直判为死亡。
3检测结果
3.1对常见外寄生虫杀灭效果
选取临床上感染虱、蚤外寄生虫病的宠物犬、猫共350例,其中,分成7组,每组50只,分别编号为1,2,3,4,5,6,7;病例外寄生虫病临床特征明显,动物表现为烦躁不安、搔痒、四处挠蹭,查看毛根部可发现有虱、蚤排泄物。
使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂,实施例1-7的除虱驱螨喷雾剂分别对应于编号为1,2,3,4,5,6,7的宠物,于24h后观察其临床反应,其中337只宠物犬临床症状消失,无搔痒现象,饮食休息均恢复正常,给宠物洗澡后24h再次查看毛根部未发现虱、蚤排泄物;8只宠物犬临床症状明显减轻,饮食休息基本恢复正常,洗澡后24h检查发现仅有少量虱、蚤排泄物;5只宠物犬使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂后临床症状无明显变化,且实施例7的除虱驱螨喷雾剂效果最好,具体结果如表1所示。
表1:对常见外寄生虫杀灭效果实验结果
选取临床上感染螨类外寄生虫的宠物犬、猫共100例。感染螨病的宠物眼眶周围、鼻部脱毛明显,部分宠物脱毛部位皮肤出现色素沉淀。采取毛样,镜检后可见螨虫活体。使用供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂,于3d后再次采取毛样镜检观察螨虫活动状况,发现螨虫数量、活性与使用除虱驱螨喷雾剂前明显减少和降低,表明供试除虱驱螨喷雾剂对宠物螨病的临床使用效果良好。
3.2体外杀灭外寄生虫效果
从临床发病病例体表抓取虱、蚤共计350只,将其中175只置于平皿中,同时于平皿中喷适量实施例1-7制备的除虱驱螨喷雾剂,设为实验组:另外175只置于平皿内,作为对照组,分别用胶带密封平皿,室温22℃下,于解剖镜下观察。判定标准:虫体肢体和脚爪不动并僵直判为死亡。
试验组连续观察5h,平皿中虱、蚤活动能力下降,8h后全部死亡,肢体僵直,无活动,随后肢体收缩成团;对照平皿中175只寄生虫12h均未见异常,活动正常,如表2所示。体外试验结果表明受试喷雾剂对驱除虱、蚤外寄生虫效果良好。
表2:体外杀灭外寄生虫效果实验结果
名称 | 5h | 8h | 12h |
实验组(175只) | 虱、蚤活动能力下降 | 全部死亡 | 全部死亡 |
对照组(175只) | 未见异常 | 未见异常 | 未见异常 |
Claims (4)
1.一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其特征在于:以重量份计,其原料组份为:
PEG-7椰油甘油酯: 2~15 ; PEG-40氢化蓖麻油:1~8;
聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐月桂酸酯: 8~10; 苦参碱: 3~10;
印楝素: 0~10; 印楝油: 0~10;
除虫菊素: 1.5~10; 蛇床子素: 5~10;
去离子水: 50~70,其中,印楝素和印楝油不能同时为0;
所述除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1. 称量:按上述配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到40~60℃,备用;
S2. 分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,将混合物制成喷雾剂,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂;所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5~15m/S,剪切时间为10~20min。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂,其特征在于:以重量份计,其原料组份为:
PEG-7椰油甘油酯: 10; PEG-40氢化蓖麻油: 5;
聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐月桂酸酯: 9; 苦参碱: 3;
印楝素: 0.5; 印楝油: 5;
除虫菊素: 1.5; 蛇床子素: 10;
去离子水: 60。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括以下步骤:
S1. 称量:按配方比例称取各原料,并将水加热到40~60℃,备用;
S2. 分散:将称量好的各原料加入纳米剪切机中进行剪切分散,将混合物制成喷雾剂,制得除虱驱螨喷雾剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种除虱驱螨喷雾剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米剪切机的线速度为5~15m/S,剪切时间为10~20min。
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