CN106481665A - 在两个圈部件之间具有垫片的轴承 - Google Patents

在两个圈部件之间具有垫片的轴承 Download PDF

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CN106481665A
CN106481665A CN201610719541.9A CN201610719541A CN106481665A CN 106481665 A CN106481665 A CN 106481665A CN 201610719541 A CN201610719541 A CN 201610719541A CN 106481665 A CN106481665 A CN 106481665A
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breach
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CN106481665B (zh
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米歇尔·尼古拉斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C23/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/361—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with cylindrical rollers
    • F16C19/362—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with cylindrical rollers the rollers being crossed within the single row
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50—Positive connections
    • F16C2226/60—Positive connections with threaded parts, e.g. bolt and nut connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F16C33/61—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings formed by wires

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种轴承，包括至少两个能够相对于彼此旋转的圈，所述圈中的至少一个圈包括至少两个环形圈部件(7、8)，所述至少两个环形圈部件(7、8)具有在轴向上彼此相对的环形径向表面(11、12)，所述轴承还包括：至少一个设置在所述环形圈部件的所述径向表面之间的环形垫片(13)，所述环形垫片(13)包括连续的圆周部(22)，所述环形垫片的每个圆周部具有多个分别由轴向构件(24)穿过的缺口(25)，所述环形垫片的各圆周部的缺口的形状和取向允许所述至少两个环形圈部件(7、8)之间的定位，并且允许通过径向平移来移除各圆周部(22)。

Description

在两个圈部件之间具有垫片的轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承领域，如包括位于圈(ring)之间的多列滚动体(诸如，如滚子或滚珠)的轴承。
背景技术
当圈中的一个包括两个与所述一列滚动体配合的环形圈部件时，轴向上彼此准确地、迅速地、且在滚动体上不引入不需要的应力的情况下定位这些部件，是有困难的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决这些困难。
根据一个实施例，该实施例提出一种轴承，所述轴承包括至少两个能够相对于彼此旋转的圈，所述圈中的至少一个圈包括至少两个环形圈部件，所述至少两个环形圈部件具有在轴向上彼此相对的环形径向表面，所述轴承还包括：
至少一个设置在所述环形圈部件的所述径向表面之间的环形垫片，所述环形垫片包括连续的圆周部，所述环形垫片的每个圆周部具有多个分别被轴向构件穿过的缺口，所述环形垫片的各圆周部的缺口的形状和取向允许所述至少两个环形圈部件之间的定位，并且允许通过径向平移来移除各圆周部。
因此，所述环形垫片沿圆周基本上为连续的且可以准确定位。
轴向构件中的至少一些轴向构件被所述环形圈部件中的至少一个所支撑，且在所述缺口内与圆周部形成抵靠式配合，用以便相对于所述环形圈部件定位所述圆周部。
至少一些轴向构件由螺钉形成，所述螺钉将所述环形圈部件紧固在一起。
至少一些轴向构件由螺钉形成，所述螺钉将所述环形圈部件紧固在框架上。
所述环形垫片中的至少一些轴承构件的圆周部的所述缺口中具有底部和平行于所述平移方向相对的侧面。
每个圆周部的所述缺口的开口方向是从外向内的。
每个圆周部的所述缺口的开口方向是从内向外的。
所述圆周部具有相同的形状。
所述环形垫片包括两个以上的圆周部，各圆周部延伸的圆周角度小于180°。
所述环形垫片包括两个圆周部，圆周部延伸的圆周角度为180°。
附图说明
现在，根据本发明的轴承将被作为示例进行描述，且结合如下附图说明：
图1是轴承的局部径向剖视图；
图2是图1中的轴承的另一径向剖视图；
图3是图1中的轴承的另一径向剖视图；
图4是图1中的轴承的垫片(shim)的局部俯视图；
图5是另一轴承的局部径向剖视图；
图6是图5中的轴承分解的俯视图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图3所示，根据实施例，轴承1包括同轴且绕轴(未示出)旋转的外圈2和内圈3。
为了支撑和传递径向载荷和轴向载荷，一列4滚动体5(例如滚子)设置在外圈2和内圈3之间，所述滚动体5圆周上由保持架6隔开。
外圈2为单体式，内圈3包括轴向上相邻的两个环形圈部件7和8。
所述环形圈部件7和8设有相邻的圆柱表面9和10，以径向上相对于彼此保持所述部件，并且允许相对于彼此轴向运动。
所述环形圈部件7和8设有环形径向表面11和12，所述环形径向表面11和12轴向上彼此相对，所述环形径向表面从所述圆柱表面的端部向内延伸。
环形径向垫片13设置在所述环形圈部件的所述径向表面11与12之间。环形垫片13的厚度确定环形圈部件7和8相对于彼此的轴向位置。
两个环形丝(annular wires)14和15被固定在外圈2上，确定轴向上分隔开的两个外滚道16和17。
两个环形丝18和19分别被固定在环形圈部件7和8上，确定轴向上分隔开的两个内滚道20和21。
所述一列4滚动体5置于由所述外滚道16和17以及所述内滚道20和21确定的空间内，所述滚动体5与所述滚道接触且在圆周方向上被引导。
例如，外圈2和内圈3的环形圈部件7和8可以由铝或铝合金制成，所述环形丝14、15、16和17可以由钢制成，径向垫片13可以由钢制成。
如图4所示，环形径向垫片13在圆周方向上被切分或分段，从而包括连续的圆周部22，所述圆周部沿一定角度的扇形区域(angular sector)延伸，从而形成局部径向片材。所述圆周部22可以通过激光切割片材来获得。
在本实施例中，所述环形径向垫片13包括两个以上圆周部22，优选地，所述圆周部为相同的。
如图1和图4所示，所述环形圈部件7和8设有多个定位轴向销24，所述多个轴向销24圆周方向分隔开，且被引入所述环形圈部件7和8的轴向孔24a和24b中。
定位轴向销24穿过所述环形径向垫片13。更具体地，两个轴向销24在所述圆周部22端部的近距离处穿过设置在各圆周部22上提供的两个定位缺口25。
如图2和图4所示，环形圈部件7和8通过轴向螺钉26彼此紧固，所述螺钉26圆周方向上分隔开，并且穿过所述环形径向垫片13。更具体地，所述螺钉26穿过设置在所述圆周部22上的缺口25。
定位轴向销24和轴向螺钉26设置在同一圆周上。
每个圆周部22的缺口25和27的开口方向是向外的，并且缺口25和27为的形状和取向允许，当所述环形圈部件7和8轴向分开时，所述环形圈部件7与8之间的定位，并且允许通过径向平移来移除各圆周部22，所述径向方向28通过每个圆周部22的中间。
更具体地，每个圆周部22的缺口25和27为长形(长度大于宽度)的，并且分别具有底部29和30以及平行于相应方向28的相对的侧面31、32和33、34。
因此，当所述环形圈部件7和8轴向分开时，每个圆周部22可以通过沿相应径向方向28从内向外径向平移来放置，这样相应的定位销24进入缺口25，并且直至定位缺口25的底部29横向抵靠所述定位销24为止，所述圆周部22通过对应定位缺口25的侧面31和32之间的对应定位销24引导。同时，螺钉26的杆身(shaft)进入缺口27，并且自由地、具有一定间隙地向缺口27的底部30移动。
当所有的圆周部22定位或者就位时，所述螺钉26被锁住(blocked)，用以压紧位于环形圈部件7和8的径向表面11和12之间的所述环形径向垫片13，从而将环形圈部件7和8紧固在一起。
所述轴承1处于工作状态。
如果所述环形径向垫片13需要移除，则在螺钉26解除障碍(unblocking)后，圆周部22通过沿相应径向方向28从外向内径向平移来移动。具有另一厚度的新的圆周部22可以像上面描述的放置。
如图3和图4所示，当轴承1在装配时，内圈3通过轴向螺钉36安装在环形框架35上，所述轴向螺钉36在圆周方向上被隔开，并且设置在与轴向销24和轴向螺钉26相同的圆周上。
所述螺钉36的轴穿过所述环形圈部件8，并紧固到环形圈部件上。螺钉36的轴自由地且具有一定间隙地穿过环形径向垫片13的圆周部22的孔37。然而，所述孔37也可以是开口的。此外，外圈2通过轴向螺钉39安装在环形框架38上。
如图5和图6所示，根据另一实施例，轴承40基于以下事实不同于轴承1：所述轴承40包括外圈41和单体式内圈44，外圈41包括两个环形圈部件42和43所述两个环形圈部件42和43轴向相邻。所述环形圈部件42和43以及所述单体式内圈44配备有相对于轴承1反向的环形丝，并且限定了一列滚动体的滚道。
在该实施例中，所述环形圈部件42和43具有相对的环形径向表面45和46，所述环形径向表面45和46从相邻的圆柱表面47和48向外延伸。
分割的环形径向垫片49设置在环形径向表面45和46之间，并且包括连续的圆周部50。
在该实施例中，所述分割的环形径向垫片49包括两个圆周部50，所述圆周部50分别沿180°方角度延伸，优选地所述圆周部是相同的。然而，所述分割的环形径向垫片49可以包括两个以上圆周部50。
在该实施例中，每个圆周部50设置对应于缺口25和27的缺口51和52，但是所述缺口51和52的开口方向是向内的。
当所述环形圈部件42和43轴向地分离时，圆周部50可以沿径向方向从外向内移动，以放置在所述环形圈部件42和43之间，这样，所述缺口51和52从侧面接收定位销53，并且螺钉54的轴连接环形圈部件42和43，且相当于轴承1中的定位销24和螺钉26。
每个圆周部50可以沿径向方向从内向外移动以被移除。
所述轴承具有如下优点：
由于构成环形径向垫片的圆周部与由插入其缺口的轴向定位销形成的至少两个构件配合，所以该圆周部相对于构成轴承的外圈或内圈的环形圈部件径向地且周向地位于确定的位置。
构成环形径向垫片的圆周部的放置和移除可以容易地和快速地执行。
由于所述环形径向垫片沿圆周连续延伸，所以构成内圈或外圈的环形部件之间没有空隙，在紧固螺钉的作用下，避免了这些部件中相对于彼此的轴向磨损，并且避免了滚动体列上的不恰当的应力。
在该描述中，所述轴承包括一列滚动体。然而，本发明中也可以应用于具有多列滚动体的轴承。本发明也可以应用于没有滚动体的轴承(诸如，干式滑动轴承)。

Claims (10)

1.一种轴承，包括至少两个能够相对于彼此旋转的圈，所述圈中的至少一个圈包括至少两个环形圈部件(7、8)，所述至少两个环形圈部件(7、8)具有在轴向上彼此相对的环形径向表面(11、12)，所述轴承还包括：
至少一个设置在所述环形圈部件的所述径向表面之间的环形垫片(13)，所述环形垫片(13)包括连续的圆周部(22)，
所述环形垫片的每个圆周部具有多个分别由轴向构件(24)穿过的缺口(25)，
所述环形垫片的各圆周部的缺口的形状和取向允许所述至少两个环形圈部件(7、8)之间的定位，并且允许通过径向平移来移除各圆周部(22)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，至少一些轴向构件(24)被所述环形圈部件中的至少一个所支撑，且在所述缺口内与圆周部形成抵靠式配合，用以便相对于所述环形圈部件定位所述圆周部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，至少一些轴向构件由螺钉(26)形成，所述螺钉(26)将所述环形圈部件紧固在一起。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，至少一些轴向构件由螺钉(36)形成，所述螺钉(36)将所述环形圈部件紧固在框架上。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述环形垫片各圆周部的所述缺口中，至少一些缺口具有底部(29)和平行于所述平移方向相对的侧面(31、32)。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，每个圆周部的所述缺口的开口方向是从外向内的。
7.根据上述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，每个圆周部的所述缺口的开口方向是从内向外的。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述圆周部具有相同的形状。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述环形垫片包括两个以上的圆周部，各圆周部延伸的圆周角度小于180°。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述环形垫片包括两个圆周部，圆周部延伸的圆周角度为180°。
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