CN106481522B - Closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation function - Google Patents
Closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation function Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect
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Abstract
The invention provides a closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, which comprises: the system comprises a tower type solar heat collection system, a heat storage system and a power system, wherein the tower type solar heat collection system, the heat storage system and the power system form a first circulation system, the heat storage system and the power system form a second circulation system, the tower type solar heat collection system adopts helium as a heat absorption working medium, and the power system adopts helium as a power working medium. The invention realizes the improvement of the economy of the tower type solar energy system by combining the design of the high-efficiency helium gas heat absorber and the design of the novel heat storage system through the application of the high-temperature, high-efficiency and compact-structure closed helium gas wheel power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation system device, in particular to a closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage function.
Background
The solar energy resources are rich, but the energy flow density is low, so that a concentrating solar energy technology is generated, the coupling energy storage technology of a concentrating solar power generation system can overcome the defect that solar radiation is intermittent, realize continuous power generation and have basic load characteristics, and the technology is obviously superior to other renewable energy technologies, and becomes the hottest research direction for developing and utilizing new energy and renewable energy. In the thirteen-five period, the scale of the solar power generation industry in China is expected to be greatly improved. According to the scale development index provided by the national energy agency, the solar installation scale of 7% of the specific gravity of the power structure is realized by the year 2020, wherein the capacity of the solar thermal power generation total installation machine is expected to reach 1000 kilowatts, and the capacity of the solar thermal power generation total installation machine accounts for about 6% of the capacity of the solar thermal power generation total installation machine.
According to different light condensation modes, the light condensation solar thermal power generation technology (CSP) mainly comprises a groove type, a tower type, a disc type and a Fresnel type, wherein the two types of the CSP enter a commercial operation stage, and the two types of the CSP are in demonstration and test stages. The trough type power generation technology is the most mature, the commercialization is the most extensive, and the trough type power generation technology accounts for about 85% of the global commercial operation solar thermal power stations. The technology only carries out one-dimensional tracking on solar radiation, the condensation ratio is low, the operation temperature is basically 50-400 ℃, and the thermal efficiency is low; compared with tower-type and disc-type systems, the wind-resistant system is poor. The condensing ratio of the disc-type system is hundreds to thousands, the heat exchange working medium can reach high temperature, and the system can be independently operated. But the system has low power and is mainly connected with a Stirling power generation device. The Fresnel system has high condensation efficiency, but low working efficiency, and is currently in an demonstration engineering stage. The tower type thermal power generation system generally utilizes a large number of heliostats to collect solar radiation on a heat collecting receiver at the top end of a high tower, so that a heat conversion working medium (steam, molten salt, air and the like) obtains high temperature, and drives a power system to generate electricity or enter a heat storage system to release heat. The heliostat adopts a double-shaft tracking mode, the light concentration ratio can reach 150-2000 times, the light concentration effect is high, the maximum working medium temperature can reach 1600 ℃, and the characteristics enable the application of some high-efficiency advanced power systems at present to be possible, so that the heat power conversion efficiency is improved, and the heliostat is simultaneously suitable for large-scale power generation. However, the heliostat needs a high-precision tracking system, and the temperature of the heat absorber needs to be higher, so that the manufacturing cost of the mirror field and the heat absorber is high, and the power generation cost is high. Compared with other systems, the tower type solar power generation technology has the most development potential. Currently, various countries such as the united states, spanish, india, south africa, mexico, australia, china and the like are devoted to a great deal of research on tower solar systems, including conceptual design, component research, demonstration engineering and the like, so as to improve the efficiency of tower solar power generation, reduce the investment cost and enable the tower solar power generation technology to compete with the current traditional power generation type power generation cost. The invention relates to a novel tower type solar heat exchange working medium, a novel heat storage technology and a novel power system, and therefore the prior art of a tower type solar thermal power generation system is described in terms of the novel heat storage technology and the novel power system.
1) Heat absorbing and transferring working medium: the tower type solar heat absorber has diversified heat transfer working media, and can be water/steam, molten salt, normal pressure air, pressurized air, supercritical steam and other gases. Water/steam and molten salt are currently mainly used in commercial power stations, and other mediums are in the demonstration, component research or conceptual design stage. The water/steam is a mature heat-absorbing working medium, condensed water is sent to a heat absorber at the top of the tower and is heated, evaporated and even overheated in sequence, the heat absorber is mature in technology, high in heat exchange coefficient and less in power consumption of a water pump for conveying non-compressible water to the top of the tower. Saturated or superheated steam may directly drive a mature turbine unit or store heat in a thermal storage system. However, because the pressure corresponding to the high-temperature steam is high, the current steam temperature range is 400-500 ℃ and the pressure range is 5-12MPa, and if the steam parameters develop to the supercritical parameters of the thermal power plant, the corresponding pressure exceeds 20MPa. The high-pressure environment requires that the thickness of the tube in the heat absorber is increased, the stress of the tube is correspondingly increased, the heat exchange coefficient for absorbing solar radiant heat can be reduced to a certain extent, and the radiant flux of the sun is limited. And the superheated steam generated in the heat absorber has the problem of controlling the difference of heat exchange coefficients of different areas, compared with saturated steam, the saturated steam is more beneficial to the service life of the heat absorbing plate and the heat absorption control, so that the saturated steam is usually favored in the commercial unit. Tower power stations in the world currently using water/steam as the endothermic medium are mainly EURELIOS, SUNSHINE, japan, solar One, spanish CESA-1, russian SPP-5, italy, and octada, china.
Molten salt becomes the heat transfer medium with the current highest potential and wide application due to the high heat capacity density, high heat transfer coefficient and low price. The fused salt can be used as a heat-absorbing working medium and also can be used as a heat-accumulating working medium, meanwhile, the operating system pressure is low, the system work is relatively safe, the design of the heat absorber is more compact, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the heat loss is reduced. However, molten salt media still have some significant drawbacks: 1) Molten salt is used as heat absorbing working medium, flows in the whole pipeline, and solidifies after the temperature is reduced under the condition that no solar energy is input at night, as 40% KNO is commonly used at present 3 /60％NaNO 3 The melting point temperature of the binary salt is 220 ℃, the system needs better heat preservation measures and heat tracing equipment for preventing molten salt from solidifying is additionally arranged; 3) If the system is stopped, the residual molten salt in the heat absorber is blown out by high-pressure nitrogen so as to avoid solidification of the molten salt; 4) The corrosion of the high-temperature molten salt to the molten salt pump causes hidden danger of safe operation of the system, the corrosion of the high-temperature molten salt to the heat exchange tube of the heat absorber also causes the reduction of the efficiency of the heat collector, the hidden danger is caused, and the operation time is short; 5) The high-power tower type solar power generation system is not suitable for the high-power tower type solar power generation system, the power consumption and the manufacturing cost of the molten salt pump can be improved due to the fact that the tower height is increased and the circulating molten salt flow is increased, and the power consumption of the molten salt pump is obviously higher than that of the water pump. The tower type solar power station adopting molten salt as heat absorption and heat exchange medium in the world mainly comprises MSEE, solar Two, THEMIS in France, solar Tres in Spain. The main research direction of the heat exchange medium molten salt is to develop a novel molten salt with low melting point and high reliability so as to reduce the system cost and improve the system safety.
Air media have become of great interest because of their low cost, high safety, and most importantly, the availability of higher operating temperatures. Air is used as an endothermic medium and is divided into normal pressure air and pressurized air, and the normal pressure air is used as the endothermic medium and is coupled with a turbine power generation system through an intermediate heat exchanger, such as a test power station Julich in Germany. Because of the adoption of low-pressure air and low gas heat transfer capacity, the heat absorber is huge, and the highest temperature of the steam Rankine cycle unit is limited and the existing material technology (generally not exceeding 625 ℃), the high temperature obtained by air exchange cannot be fully utilized. When the heat absorption medium is high-pressure air, the heat absorption medium is mainly coupled with open type gas turbine circulation or combined circulation, and the mode can be fully based on the existing mature gas turbine unit technology. The technology is currently in the part research and conceptual design stage. The air heat absorber mainly has a positive displacement type and a cavity type structure, and various high-temperature air heat absorbers are researched in laboratories such as Weizmann institute of Israel and German aerospace center DLR, and the heat exchange performance and the flow characteristics of the air heat absorber are intensively researched. Compared with liquid, the air specific heat is small, the high-flow high-temperature air is delivered to the high altitude with larger difficulty, and when the air delivery pressure is higher and the volume flow is larger, the self-power consumption proportion of the system is increased, and the net power generation efficiency of the system is reduced.
2) And a heat storage system: although the solar energy resource is inexhaustible, the solar radiation energy is an unstable random natural energy source and is intermittent, and in order to meet the continuous power load demand, and meanwhile, the frequent start-stop of a power system is avoided, so that a high-efficiency heat storage system is needed. When the solar radiation energy is insufficient or at night, the heat storage system is started, so that the continuous operation of the power system is ensured.
The heat storage modes include sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical reaction heat storage.
The sensible heat storage medium comprises solid and liquid, the solid heat storage medium comprises sand stone, refractory bricks, concrete, honeycomb ceramics, complex phase ceramics and the like, the liquid heat storage medium is mainly molten salt, and the molten salt has the following characteristics, so that the molten salt becomes the most widely applied sensible heat storage medium: the use temperature range is wide, and the thermal stability is relatively high; the heat conduction performance of the molten salt is good; low vapor pressure, particularly mixed molten salts; the heat capacity is large; low viscosity and good chemical stability. At present, fused salt heat storage is basically adopted in a commercial tower system, the heat storage time can be designed to be up to 15 hours, and uninterrupted power supply of a power system is realized.
The phase change heat storage can realize constant temperature heat storage and heat release, the output temperature and energy are stable, the heat storage density is high, the heat storage capacity per unit volume is obviously higher than that of sensible heat storage, and the development potential is high. At present, medium-low temperature heat storage by using steam as a phase change medium is realized, and the heat storage by using a high-temperature phase change medium is still in a research stage and is not reported by being applied to demonstration projects. The most potential high-temperature heat accumulation phase change heat accumulation medium at present mainly comprises high-temperature molten salt and metal alloy. The application bottleneck of the high-temperature molten salt is that the heat conductivity coefficient is low, so that the charging and discharging rate of the heat storage system is influenced. The metal alloy has very high heat conductivity coefficient, high heat storage density, high phase change latent heat and good thermal cycle stability. However, the obvious defects are that the liquid metal alloy has strong corrosiveness and high requirements on corresponding container materials, and the research of the metal alloy phase change material in the field of heat storage is insufficient. The temperature and phase state of the heat storage material change along with the process of charging and heating of the system, the corresponding physical parameters also change, the heat storage and heat transfer performance of the system are affected, and the related data accumulation is less. The compatibility research of high-temperature liquid metal alloy and container materials lacks systemicity and regularity. The key point of further developing the phase-change heat storage technology is the research of the thermal property reinforcement of the phase-change heat storage material, and solves the problems of uneven heat transfer, cavitation, thermal stress, erosion, material and the like.
3) A power system: the current concentrating solar technology is mainly provided with a steam turbine with mature technology as a power system, and the tower type solar system can be matched with a high-temperature efficient power system based on Brayton cycle or combined cycle due to the characteristic of a high-temperature heat transfer medium which can be provided by the tower type solar system. The steam temperature of the steam turbine power plant equipped in the current commercial application is basically in a subcritical range, steam parameters can be developed to supercritical and ultra supercritical parameters, but the steam parameters are limited to the current materials and technology level, the space for further improving the efficiency of the steam turbine Rankine cycle system is small, the system manufacturing cost is high, and the equipment size is large.
The brayton cycle includes both open and closed cycles. When air is used as a heat absorption medium, high-pressure air is directly heated to about 1000 ℃ to push a combustion engine, then steam Rankine cycle is used as bottom cycle to realize gradient utilization of heat energy, heat efficiency is improved, and the power cycle is based on open Brayton+Rankine combined cycle. The application of the power system at home and abroad is still in the research stage.
The application of a closed brayton cycle based power system to a tower solar system is essentially in the conceptual design stage. The working medium of the power system based on the closed Brayton cycle can be diversified and comprises air, helium and supercritical CO 2 And other inert gas mixtures. The most widely studied closed Brayton cycle working medium at present is supercritical CO 2 The application of the air closed cycle to the tower type solar thermal power generation system has proposed detailed conceptual design in the 80 s, but no subsequent test is advanced. Compared with the steam Rankine cycle and the open combustion engine Brayton cycle, the power system based on the closed Brayton cycle has obvious advantages: 1) High cycle efficiency, e.g. SCO 2 The heat-power conversion efficiency of the power system can reach 45% when the temperature of the working medium is 600 ℃, and the heat-power conversion efficiency of the helium working medium reaches 45-48% when the temperature is 850 ℃; 2) The size is small and the layout is compact. Taking helium working medium as an example, the occupied space of the power system is only 1/5 of that of the steam turbine power system at the same power level; 3) The system can simultaneously ensure the high-efficiency operation of the system under the conditions of basic load and variable load: the variable load adjustment modes are various, and the unit can be maintained to be maximized and efficiently operated without deviating from a design working point; 4) The cooling source of the cooling system of the device can be either air-cooled or water-cooled, namely, the anhydrous running condition is met.
In the U.S. patent 7685820, "supercritical carbon dioxide concentrating solar power generation system device", a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine is adopted to replace a steam turbine device in a tower type solar power system, molten salt is still used as a heat absorption, heat exchange and heat storage medium, and the carbon dioxide parameters at the inlet of a gas compressor are ensured to be slightly higher than the supercritical state, namely 7.38MPa and 30.98 ℃. The Chinese patent is 200710306179.3. The subsequent chinese patent 201010277740.1 also proposes a supercritical carbon dioxide solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, except that the lowest temperature of carbon dioxide in the cycle is lower than the critical point, i.e. the compressor is replaced by a carbon dioxide booster pump, so as to realize transcritical compression, and further improve the cycle efficiency. The supercritical carbon dioxide power device has high efficiency and compact device, but the working environment is high and reaches about 20MPa, the design maturity of supercritical carbon dioxide impeller machinery is low, the control system is more complex, and the supercritical carbon dioxide power device is still in the experimental stage of components and systems at present. Recently, a tower type solar thermal power generation method and a system adopting a closed cycle brayton cycle are proposed in the patent 201510068135.6, steam is adopted as a heat absorption working medium in the system, namely, a reheating process is realized in a heat absorber, the whole steam cycle is different from the traditional steam rankine cycle in terms of high-pressure high-temperature steam acting, a low-pressure high-temperature steam is adopted to push a steam turbine to act, a gas turbine device and a bottom rankine cycle are coupled, and the high-temperature tail gas of a gas turbine cycle is utilized to heat water before entering the heat absorber so as to evaporate the water into steam; the waste heat is further utilized by the bottom Rankine cycle as a cold source of the condenser, so that the gradient utilization of the heat is realized, and the circulation efficiency is improved. The circulation is to fully utilize the advantage of low power consumption of the water pump and the cascade utilization of heat, but the realization is difficult, the high-temperature low-pressure vapor (700-1500 ℃) has poor working capacity and low density (the equipment size is large), meanwhile, the problem of vapor corrosion still exists, and the requirement on materials is high.
The key problem faced by the wide commercialization of the current tower type solar power generation system is to reduce the investment cost, so that the tower type solar power generation system has the competitive capacity with the traditional power generation cost. The investment cost is reduced, and the investment cost is mainly applied to the increase of the installed capacity of the system, the optimization of the design of a mirror field and a heat absorber, the development of an efficient and economical heat storage system and the matching of an economical and efficient heat-power conversion system. Past statistics show that the system cost influencing factors under different heat absorption working media are slightly different in sequence, for example, when a fused salt heat exchange medium is adopted, the system power is increased, the heliostat size and structural design are optimized, an advanced mirror field design is adopted, and an advanced heat storage system is adopted; when the steam heat exchange medium is adopted, the system power is increased, the heliostat size and structural design are optimized, supercritical steam is adopted, advanced heat accumulation is realized, and a mirror field is adopted; the normal pressure air heat exchange medium is adopted to sequentially increase the system power, optimize the heliostat size and structural design, store heat in advance, improve the performance of the heat absorber and design an advanced mirror field.
The invention aims to fully utilize the high condensation ratio of tower solar energy, seek heat transfer gas which is favorable for the design of a high-temperature heat absorber, a novel heat exchange working medium, match a power system which is efficient and has great power amplification potential, be based on closed Brayton cycle, and be simultaneously coupled with a novel efficient heat storage system, namely high-temperature phase change heat storage, so as to improve the power generation efficiency of the tower solar power generation system and reduce the power generation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, so as to achieve the improvement of the economy of the tower type solar system by combining the design of a high-efficiency helium absorber and the design of a novel heat storage system through the application of a high-temperature, high-efficiency and compact closed helium turbine power system.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, comprising: the system comprises a tower type solar heat collection system, a heat storage system and a power system, wherein the tower type solar heat collection system, the heat storage system and the power system form a first circulation system, the heat storage system and the power system form a second circulation system, the tower type solar heat collection system adopts helium as a heat absorption working medium, and the power system adopts helium as a power working medium.
As a preferred scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, when solar radiation is sufficient, the tower type solar heat collection system is coupled with the heat storage system and the power system, the heat storage system and the power system are decoupled, after helium absorbs heat from the tower type solar heat collection system, one part of high-temperature helium directly drives the power system, the other part of high-temperature helium directly enters the heat storage system, and low-temperature helium after passing through the power system is converged with low-temperature helium released by the heat storage system and then returned to the tower type solar heat collection system, so that a first circulation system is formed.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, when solar radiation is insufficient, the tower type solar heat collection system and the power system are decoupled, the heat storage system and the power system are coupled to work, the heat storage system is used as a heat source, after helium exchanges heat with a heat storage medium in the heat storage system, high-temperature helium drives the power system, and then low-temperature helium is returned to the heat storage system to form a second circulation system.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, the action switching of the coupling work and the decoupling work is realized by the opening and closing of a valve.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation, helium is adopted as a heat transfer working medium in the first circulation system, helium is adopted as a heat absorption working medium of the tower type solar heat collection system, and helium is adopted as a power working medium of the power system.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation, the second circulation system adopts helium as a heat transfer working medium, helium as a heat absorption working medium of the heat accumulation system and helium as a power working medium of the power system.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, helium is adopted as a heat transfer working medium in the first circulation system, helium is adopted as a heat absorption working medium of the tower type solar heat collection system, and a high-temperature phase change material is adopted as a heat storage working medium of the heat storage system.
Preferably, the high temperature phase change material comprises a high temperature molten salt having a melting point temperature of not less than 750 ℃.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, the heat storage system further comprises a circulating fan, wherein the circulating fan is used for providing a pressure head for cooled helium gas and returning the pressure head to the tower type solar thermal power collection system to realize circulation.
As a preferable scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation, the power system adopts a closed circulation helium turbine system.
As a preferred scheme of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation, the helium turbine system works based on closed circulation and comprises a helium turbine, a heat regenerator, a precooler, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler, a high-pressure compressor and a motor, wherein the inlet of the helium turbine is connected with the tower type solar heat collection system and the heat accumulation system, the motor is connected with a first outlet of the helium turbine, a second outlet and a third outlet of the helium turbine are respectively connected with a first inlet of the high-pressure compressor and a first inlet of the heat regenerator, a first outlet and a second outlet of the high-pressure compressor are respectively connected with a second inlet of the heat regenerator and a first inlet of the low-pressure compressor, the inlet of the intercooler is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure compressor, the outlet of the intercooler is connected with a second inlet of the high-pressure compressor, the first outlet of the heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the precooler, and the outlet of the high-pressure compressor is connected with the first inlet of the precooler.
Preferably, the precooler and the intercooler cool at least the helium gas temperature to below 30 ℃.
Preferably, the cooling source of the cooler includes one of the atmosphere and water.
Preferably, the cooler is a low-temperature waste heat recovery device so as to realize gradient utilization of heat.
Preferably, the pressure of the power system design is not less than the load pressure of the power system when the solar radiation is sufficient, and is determined in direct proportion to the helium flow of the first circulation system or the second circulation system.
Preferably, the design pressure of the heat storage circuit is not less than the working pressure of the power system circuit when the heat storage system is used as a heat release heat source.
Preferably, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage system is long enough to ensure that the heat storage system and the power system are in coupling operation when the solar radiation is insufficient.
As described above, the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation has the following beneficial effects:
helium is adopted as a heat absorbing working medium, so that the design of the efficient and compact heat absorber can be realized. Helium is inert gas, has good compatibility with materials, has higher system operation safety, and can reach higher working temperature of a heat transfer medium. Helium has good thermophysical properties, and has a specific heat capacity of about 2.4 times that of water vapor and 4.7 times that of air; the thermal conductivity is about 5.6 times that of air, and the movement viscosity of helium is small. At the same temperature and the same resistance coefficient, the flow rate of air in the pipe is allowed to vary in the range of 25-45m/s, while the flow rate of helium is allowed to be 55-100m/s, which is advantageous for enhancing heat exchange. Therefore, the designed heat absorber has the advantages of small temperature difference, small pressure loss, small heat loss and compact structure.
Under the same other conditions, the pressure loss of helium in the pipeline is 2.2 times less than that of air, and the heat storage loop requires less power consumption of a fan.
The high-temperature phase change material is used as a heat storage medium, so that the temperature stability in the process of charging and discharging heat can be kept, and the running stability of a power system when the heat storage system is started is ensured.
The high-temperature phase change material with the melting point temperature not lower than 750 ℃ is adopted, so that the high efficiency of starting the power system of the heat storage system to work is ensured.
By adopting the closed Brayton cycle of helium, when the turbine inlet temperature reaches a high Wen Fanchou of above 850 ℃, the heat-power conversion efficiency reaches 45% or above, and the advantages are obvious compared with the steam Rankine cycle.
By adopting the helium closed Brayton cycle, the maximum pressure of the system cycle is obviously lower than that of the steam Rankine cycle and the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, the safety of the system is improved, and the material and process manufacturing requirements of pipelines and equipment are reduced.
In short, the good physical properties of the novel heat exchange medium helium ensure the feasibility of the design of the efficient compact heat absorber, and meanwhile, the design and test experience of the existing air heat absorber can be fully referred to. The efficient and economical heat storage system overcomes the defect that solar radiation is intermittent, meets the continuous power load requirement, avoids frequent start and stop of the power system, and maintains the efficient operation of the power system. The helium wheel power system based on closed circulation ensures high heat-power conversion efficiency in a wide variable working condition range under a design working condition. And finally, the overall efficiency and the economy of the system are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power generation system with regenerative heat according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power generation system with regenerative heat according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the efficiency of the power system in the first circulation system and the circulation pressure ratio at different flow rates.
Fig. 4 shows a graph of the relationship between the power and the split ratio of the circulating fan of the heat storage loop in the first circulating system.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the efficiency of the power system in the first circulation system and the circulation pressure ratio under the condition of the influence of the power of the circulating fan of the heat storage branch loop at different diversion rates.
Description of element reference numerals
10. Tower type solar heat collection system
101. Mirror field
102. Heat absorber
20. Heat storage system
201. High-temperature heat storage tank
202. Circulation fan
30. Power system
301. Helium turbine
302. Motor with a motor housing
303. High-pressure compressor
304. Low-pressure compressor
305. Intercooler
306. Heat regenerator
307. Precooler
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1-5. It should be noted that, the illustrations provided in the present embodiment merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, comprising: the solar energy heat collection system comprises a tower type solar energy heat collection system 10, a heat storage system 20 and a power system 30, wherein the tower type solar energy heat collection system 10, the heat storage system 20 and the power system 30 form a first circulation system, the heat storage system 20 and the power system 30 form a second circulation system, the tower type solar energy heat collection system 10 adopts helium as a heat absorption working medium, and the power system 30 adopts helium as a power working medium.
As an example, when the solar radiation is sufficient, the tower solar heat collection system 10 is coupled with the heat storage system 20 and the power system 30, the heat storage system 20 and the power system 30 are decoupled, after the helium absorbs heat from the tower solar heat collection system 10, a part of high-temperature helium directly drives the power system 30, and the other part of high-temperature helium directly enters the heat storage system 20, and the low-temperature helium after passing through the power system 30 is merged with the low-temperature helium after passing through the heat storage system 20 and then returned to the tower solar heat collection system 10, so as to form a first circulation system. When the solar radiation is insufficient, the tower type solar heat collection system 10 and the power system 30 are decoupled, the heat storage system 20 and the power system 30 are coupled, the heat storage system 20 is used as a heat source, after helium gas exchanges heat with a heat storage medium in the heat storage system 20, the high-temperature helium gas drives the power system 30, and then the low-temperature helium gas is returned to the heat storage system 20, so that a second circulation system is formed.
Specifically, the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage comprises two working cycle processes within 24 hours, as shown in fig. 1:
1) When solar radiation is sufficient in daytime, helium absorbs solar radiation heat through the heat absorber of the tower type solar heat collection system 10, so that the temperature of the helium reaches 850 ℃ or even higher, one part of the helium directly drives the power system 30, the other part of the helium directly enters the heat storage system 20, the low-temperature helium after passing through the power system 30 and the low-temperature helium after passing through the heat storage system 20 are converged and then enter the heat absorber to absorb heat, and the components and the processes form a first circulating system.
2) When the solar radiation is insufficient, including overcast and rainy weather and night, the heat storage system 20 enters an exothermic mode, helium exchanges heat with a heat storage medium in the heat storage system 20 to obtain high temperature and then drives the power system, and then the helium returns to the heat storage system 20 to absorb heat, and the components and the processes form a second circulation system.
In the working first circulation system, the ratio of the flow of helium entering the power system 30 to the flow of helium entering the heat storage system 20 influences the heat-power conversion efficiency of the system and the heat capacity of the heat storage system, and can be optimally determined based on the principles of high efficiency and economy.
As an example, the action switching of the coupling operation and the decoupling operation is realized by opening and closing a valve.
As an example, the first circulation system uses helium as the heat transfer medium, helium as the heat absorbing medium of the tower solar heat collecting system 10, and helium as the power medium of the power system 30.
As an example, the second circulation system uses helium as the heat transfer medium, helium as the heat absorbing medium of the heat storage system 20, and helium as the power medium of the power system 30.
As an example, the first circulation system uses helium as a heat transfer medium, uses helium as a heat absorbing medium of the tower solar heat collecting system 10, and uses a high-temperature phase change material as a heat storage medium of the heat storage system 20. Preferably, the high temperature phase change material comprises a high temperature molten salt having a melting point temperature of not less than 750 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat storage system 20 further includes a circulating fan, for providing a pressure head for the cooled helium gas, and returning the cooled helium gas to the tower solar heat collection system 10 for circulation. Preferably, the design pressure of the thermal storage circuit of the thermal storage system 20 is not less than the operating pressure of the circuit of the power system 30 when the thermal storage system 20 is used as the exothermic heat source. Preferably, the thermal storage capacity of the thermal storage system 20 is long enough to ensure that the thermal storage system 20 and the power system 30 are operated in a coupled mode when the solar radiation is insufficient. Specifically, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage system 20 is determined by comprehensively considering the size and the manufacturing cost of the heat storage system 20 to ensure that the power system 30 keeps working efficiently in the heat release period.
By way of example, the power system 30 employs a closed-cycle helium turbine system.
As shown in fig. 2, the helium turbine system works based on closed circulation, and comprises a helium turbine, a regenerator, a precooler, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler, a high-pressure compressor and a motor, wherein an inlet of the helium turbine is connected with the tower type solar heat collection system 10 and the heat storage system 20, the motor is connected with a first outlet of the helium turbine, a second outlet and a third outlet of the helium turbine are respectively connected with a first inlet of the high-pressure compressor and a first inlet of the heat regenerator, a first outlet and a second outlet of the high-pressure compressor are respectively connected with a second inlet of the heat regenerator and a first inlet of the low-pressure compressor, an inlet of the intercooler is connected with an outlet of the low-pressure compressor, an outlet of the intercooler is connected with a second inlet of the high-pressure compressor, a first outlet of the heat regenerator is connected with an inlet of the precooler, an outlet of the precooler is connected with the tower type solar heat collection system 10 and the heat storage system 20, and an outlet of the precooler is connected with a second inlet of the low-pressure compressor.
Preferably, the precooler and the intercooler cool at least the helium gas temperature to below 30 ℃.
Preferably, the compressor pressure ratio is determined by the steady temperature provided by the heat sink (e.g., 850 ℃) and by optimization calculations of the performance of the various components in the power system 30.
Preferably, the cooling source of the cooler includes one of the atmosphere and water. In addition, the cooler can also be a low-temperature waste heat recovery device so as to realize gradient utilization of heat.
Preferably, the pressure of the design of the power system 30 is not less than the load pressure of the power system 30 when the solar radiation is sufficient, and the helium flow of the first circulation system or the second circulation system is in direct proportion.
As shown in fig. 2, the power system 30 working procedure is as follows:
1) The high-temperature high-pressure helium enters a helium turbine to expand and do work so as to drive a generator to generate electricity;
2) After expansion, the helium enters the low-pressure side of the regenerator to recover part of heat;
3) Then cooling in a precooler;
4) Cooling helium gas, and then compressing the cooled helium gas to a certain pressure in a low-pressure compressor;
5) Then the mixture is put into an intercooler for cooling again;
6) The cooled helium enters a high-pressure compressor to be continuously compressed and pressurized;
7) The high-pressure helium enters the high-pressure side of the regenerator to heat;
8) Finally, the heat absorber absorbs solar radiation energy or the heat storage system 20 absorbs heat of the heat storage medium, prepares for working by entering a turbine, and completes a cycle.
The closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage of the embodiment is further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage of the present embodiment includes a tower type solar heat collection system 10, a heat storage system 20 and a power system 30.
As shown in fig. 2, the tower-type solar heat collecting system 10 mainly includes a lens field 101 and a heat absorber 102, the heat storage system 20 includes a high-temperature heat storage tank 201 and a circulating fan 202, and the heat power conversion system mainly includes a helium turbine 301, a helium regenerator 306, a precooler 307, a helium low-pressure compressor 304, an intercooler 305, a helium high-pressure compressor 303 and a motor 302.
When the solar radiation is sufficient in the daytime, the valve c is closed, and the valves a and b are opened. The heat accumulating process of the heat accumulating system and the working process of the power system are started simultaneously, and the flow distribution is different and mutually influenced.
The heat absorber 102 heats the heat absorbing working medium, after the temperature is stabilized, part of working medium directly enters the power system to drive the turbine 301, the generator 302 is driven to generate power, and the other part of high-temperature working medium enters the heat storage system. The working medium entering the power system is expanded by a turbine and then is released by the low-pressure side of the heat regenerator 306, then enters the precooler 307 for cooling, then enters the low-pressure compressor 304 for compression, the high-pressure working medium enters the intercooler 305 for cooling again and then enters the high-pressure compressor 303 for further compression, the working medium pressure is the maximum circulating pressure, the high-pressure working medium enters the heat regenerator 306 for absorbing the waste heat of the working medium at the low-pressure side, and then is converged with helium gas which is released by the heat storage loop for giving heat to the heat storage medium and then returns to the heat absorber 102 for absorbing solar radiation heat, so that one cycle is completed. The working medium entering the thermal storage system is forced by the circulating fan 202 to overcome the pressure loss generated by the pipeline and the thermal storage system and to form pressure balance with the working medium from the power system.
When the solar radiation is insufficient or at night, the heat absorber stops heating the heat absorbing working medium, the valves a and b are closed, the valve c is opened, and the heat storage system releases heat to directly drive the power system to do work. The heat storage medium of the high-temperature heat storage system releases latent heat to heat the working medium, then the turbine 301 is driven to drive the generator 302 to generate power, the working medium is expanded by the turbine and then releases waste heat through the low-pressure side of the regenerator 306, then enters the precooler 307 to be cooled, then enters the low-pressure compressor 304 to be compressed, the high-pressure working medium enters the intercooler 305 to be cooled again and then enters the high-pressure compressor 303 to be further compressed, at the moment, the working medium pressure is the maximum working pressure under the power cycle, and the high-pressure working medium enters the regenerator 306 to absorb the waste heat of the low-pressure side heat transfer medium and then returns to the heat storage system to be continuously heated, so that one cycle is completed.
And in the working process, the heat absorption medium and the heat transfer medium are helium. The heat power conversion system uses helium as a power cycle working medium.
The heat storage system adopts latent heat for heat storage, the heat storage medium is a high-temperature phase change material, and can select but not limited to high-temperature phase change molten salt,
and a melting point temperature of at least 750 ℃.
When the heat storage system stores heat, the high-temperature helium continuously releases heat to heat the heat storage medium, and the heat is stored in a latent heat mode.
When the heat storage system is used as an exothermic heat source, the phase change latent heat of the heat storage medium is released stably, and the working medium helium of the power system is heated to reach a temperature close to the high-temperature melting point of the phase change material.
The cooler and precooler in the power system reduce the helium temperature to below 30 ℃.
The ratio of the helium flow entering the power system to the helium flow entering the heat storage system for heat storage influences the heat power conversion efficiency of the circulation system and the optimal design pressure selection of circulation.
The maximum design pressure of the power system circulation is determined by the combination of the design requirement of the components and the compactness and economy of the system, for example, the design load is 50MWe, and the pressure is about 2.5-3.5 MPa.
The actual circulating pressure of the power system is determined by the actual power level and is in direct proportion to the flow of working medium in the closed circulation.
The design pressure of the heat storage loop of the heat storage system is determined by the design pressure of the power system.
The pressure head of a heat storage loop fan of the heat storage system needs to be enough to overcome the helium pressure loss caused by a path pipeline and the heat storage system.
The invention implements modeling calculation of system circulation to determine the optimal proportion of helium flow entering the power system to helium flow entering the heat storage system in the first circulation system and the optimal design pressure ratio of the power system. The efficiencies all refer to the thermal-electrical conversion efficiency. The eta is cycle1+cycle2 The cycle2 can maintain the power system to work for 14 hours with the heat storage capacity to estimate the total efficiency of the system, wherein the cycle1 and the cycle2 respectively correspond to the first circulation system and the second circulation system in fig. 1.
The performance parameters of the system at different split ratios are given in table 1 below at a fixed cyclic pressure ratio of 2.86.
TABLE 1 System Performance parameters at fixed cyclic pressure ratio
On one hand, the performance prediction can comprehensively consider the system economy and the manufacturing cost of the heat storage system to determine the final design parameters of the system, and on the other hand, the advantages of the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage on the heat power conversion efficiency are also reflected, and the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat storage is suitable for large-scale.
The following fig. 3 shows the change of the system efficiency with the cyclic pressure ratio when the helium flow rate entering the power system is different from the ratio of the helium flow rate entering the heat storage system for heat storage (abbreviated as the split flow rate). Wherein the loop system efficiency of the first circulation system in fig. 5 takes into account the effect of the heat storage branch loop fan power, and is thus lower than the loop power system efficiency of the first circulation system, and the fan power decreases with increasing split flow rate, as shown in fig. 4.
As described above, the closed helium turbine tower type solar thermal power generation system with heat accumulation has the following beneficial effects:
Helium is adopted as a heat absorbing working medium, so that the design of the efficient and compact heat absorber can be realized. Helium is inert gas, has good compatibility with materials, has higher system operation safety, and can reach higher working temperature of a heat transfer medium. Helium has good thermophysical properties, and has a specific heat capacity of about 2.4 times that of water vapor and 4.7 times that of air; the thermal conductivity is about 5.6 times that of air, and the movement viscosity of helium is small. At the same temperature and the same resistance coefficient, the flow rate of air in the pipe is allowed to vary in the range of 25-45m/s, while the flow rate of helium is allowed to be 55-100m/s, which is advantageous for enhancing heat exchange. Therefore, the designed heat absorber has the advantages of small temperature difference, small pressure loss, small heat loss and compact structure.
Under the same other conditions, the pressure loss of helium in the pipeline is 2.2 times less than that of air, and the heat storage loop requires less power consumption of a fan.
By adopting the high-temperature phase-change material as the heat storage medium, the temperature stability in the process of charging and discharging can be maintained, so that the running stability of the power system 30 when the heat storage system 20 is started is ensured.
The high-temperature phase change material with the melting point temperature not lower than 750 ℃ is adopted, so that the high efficiency of starting the power system 30 of the heat storage system 20 to work is ensured.
By adopting the closed Brayton cycle of helium, when the turbine inlet temperature reaches a high Wen Fanchou of above 850 ℃, the heat-power conversion efficiency reaches 45% or above, and the advantages are obvious compared with the steam Rankine cycle.
By adopting the helium closed Brayton cycle, the maximum pressure of the system cycle is obviously lower than that of the steam Rankine cycle and the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, the safety of the system is improved, and the material and process manufacturing requirements of pipelines and equipment are reduced.
In short, the good physical properties of the novel heat exchange medium helium ensure the feasibility of the design of the efficient compact heat absorber, and meanwhile, the design and test experience of the existing air heat absorber can be fully referred to. The efficient and economical thermal storage system 20 overcomes the defect of intermittent solar radiation, meets continuous power load demands, avoids frequent start-stops of the power system 30, and maintains efficient operation of the power system 30. The closed circulation-based helium wheel power system 30 ensures high heat-power conversion efficiency in a design working condition and a wide variable working condition range. And finally, the overall efficiency and the economy of the system are improved.
Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (12)
1. A closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power generation system with heat storage, comprising: the system comprises a tower type solar heat collection system, a heat storage system and a power system, wherein the tower type solar heat collection system, the heat storage system and the power system form a first circulation system, the heat storage system and the power system form a second circulation system, the tower type solar heat collection system adopts helium as a heat absorption working medium, and the power system adopts helium as a power working medium; the first circulation system adopts helium as a heat transfer working medium, helium as a heat absorption working medium of the tower type solar heat collection system and a high-temperature phase change material as a heat storage working medium of the heat storage system; the power system adopts a closed circulation helium turbine system; when the solar radiation is sufficient, the tower type solar heat collection system is coupled with the heat storage system and the power system, the heat storage system and the power system are decoupled, after helium absorbs heat from the tower type solar heat collection system, one part of high-temperature helium directly drives the power system, the other part of the high-temperature helium directly enters the heat storage system, and the low-temperature helium after passing through the power system is converged with the low-temperature helium after passing through the heat storage system and then returned to the tower type solar heat collection system to form a first circulating system; when the solar radiation is insufficient, the tower type solar heat collection system and the power system are decoupled, the heat storage system and the power system are coupled, the heat storage system is used as a heat source, after helium exchanges heat with a heat storage medium in the heat storage system, high-temperature helium drives the power system, and then low-temperature helium is returned to the heat storage system to form a second circulation system; the helium turbine system works based on closed circulation and comprises a helium turbine, a heat regenerator, a precooler, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler, a high-pressure compressor and a motor, wherein an inlet of the helium turbine is connected with the tower type solar heat collection system and the heat storage system, the motor is connected with a first outlet of the helium turbine, a second outlet and a third outlet of the helium turbine are respectively connected with a first inlet of the high-pressure compressor and a first inlet of the heat regenerator, a first outlet and a second outlet of the high-pressure compressor are respectively connected with a second inlet of the heat regenerator and a first inlet of the low-pressure compressor, an inlet of the intercooler is connected with an outlet of the low-pressure compressor, an outlet of the intercooler is connected with a second inlet of the high-pressure compressor, a first outlet of the heat regenerator is connected with an inlet of the precooler, an outlet of the precooler is connected with the tower type solar heat collection system and the heat storage system, and an outlet of the precooler is connected with a second inlet of the low-pressure compressor.
2. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the action switching of the coupling work and the decoupling work is realized by the opening and closing of the valve.
3. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the first circulation system adopts helium as a heat transfer working medium, helium as a heat absorption working medium of the tower type solar heat collection system and helium as a power working medium of the power system.
4. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the second circulation system adopts helium as a heat transfer working medium, helium as a heat absorption working medium of the heat storage system and helium as a power working medium of the power system.
5. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature phase change material comprises high-temperature molten salt, and the melting point temperature of the high-temperature molten salt is not lower than 750 ℃.
6. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the heat storage system further comprises a circulating fan, wherein the circulating fan is used for providing a pressure head for the cooled helium gas and sending the pressure head back to the tower type solar heat collection system to realize circulation.
7. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the precooler and the intercooler cool at least helium gas to a temperature below 30 ℃.
8. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the cooling source of the intercooler comprises one of the atmosphere and water.
9. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the intercooler is a low-temperature waste heat recovery device so as to realize gradient utilization of heat.
10. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the pressure of the power system design is not less than the load pressure of the power system when the solar radiation is sufficient, and the load pressure is determined in direct proportion to the helium flow of the first circulation system or the second circulation system.
11. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the design pressure of the heat storage system is not less than the working pressure of the power system loop when the heat storage system is used as a heat release heat source.
12. The closed helium turbine tower solar thermal power system with heat storage of claim 1, wherein: the heat storage capacity of the heat storage system is long enough to ensure the coupling work of the heat storage system and the power system when the solar radiation is insufficient.
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| CN109059315A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-21 | 昆山清芸新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of Dish solar thermal power system |
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