CN110118160B - Solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system - Google Patents
Solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110118160B CN110118160B CN201810116158.3A CN201810116158A CN110118160B CN 110118160 B CN110118160 B CN 110118160B CN 201810116158 A CN201810116158 A CN 201810116158A CN 110118160 B CN110118160 B CN 110118160B
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- supercritical carbon
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- brayton cycle
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YPWICUOZSQYGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ra+2].[O-]C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ra+2].[O-]C([O-])=O YPWICUOZSQYGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/064—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a gas turbine cycle, i.e. compressor and gas turbine combination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system, which comprises a solar heat absorber, a turbine unit and a Brayton cycle unit, wherein the solar heat absorber and the Brayton cycle unit are respectively connected with the turbine unit through pipelines; the solar energy heat absorber is connected with the pipeline between the solar energy heat absorber and the turbine unit in parallel or in series, and the storage tank is used for storing metal carbonate and metal oxide; in addition, a gas storage tank is also arranged in the Brayton cycle unit and used for storing the supercritical carbon dioxide. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system directly produces supercritical carbon dioxide based on thermochemistry and is coupled with the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, so that high-efficiency energy storage and heat exchange can be realized, the efficiency of the device is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy, in particular to a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system.
Background
The solar radiation received by the land surface of China every year is equivalent to 4.9 trillion tons of standard coal, the areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of the west, the back of Gansu, the North of Ningxia and the south of Xinjiang are the areas with the most abundant solar resources, the development potential exceeds 85 trillion kilowatt-hours/year, the areas account for about 75 percent of the whole country, and the solar energy of China has huge development potential. Solar power generation technologies are mainly divided into two major categories, photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation. Photovoltaic power generation has a plurality of defects of day and night discontinuity, high energy storage cost, serious light abandonment, short service life and the like. The solar thermal power generation can utilize a low-price energy storage technology to stabilize the output of power generation power, and can be used as a base load for power supply and a peak-shaving power supply, so the solar thermal power generation has great potential in the future.
The solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle takes solar energy as a heat source and carbon dioxide in a supercritical state (the critical pressure is 7.38MPa, and the critical temperature is 30.98 ℃) as a working medium to realize energy conversion. Compared with a vapor Rankine cycle, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle performs single-phase work, the system design is simple, and the complexity of operation is reduced; the density is large, the compression work is small, the heat exchange performance is good, and the volumes of the turbine and the heat exchanger can be reduced, so that the purposes of reducing the cost and improving the overall efficiency are achieved. In addition, the supercritical carbon dioxide is non-toxic and harmless, has small corrosivity and low price, and has good thermal stability by using concentrated solar energy (the temperature is 550-800 ℃) as a heat source.
The energy storage technology can be divided into sensible heat energy storage, latent heat energy storage and thermal heat energy storage according to an energy storage mode. Sensible heat energy storage is that heat energy is stored by temperature rise without changing the form of a substance, and the energy storage density is low. Latent heat energy storage stores heat energy in a phase change mode, and the absorbed heat required by the phase change heat storage is large, so that the latent heat energy storage density is higher than that of sensible heat energy storage. Compared with the two heat storage modes, the chemical energy heat storage has the advantages of large energy storage density, high energy storage temperature, long energy storage period, small heat loss, suitability for long-distance transportation and the like.
The photothermal power generation technology is developed for decades, and currently, the photothermal power generation technology stays at the commercial application level of the second generation technology represented by molten salt, and due to the influence of high-temperature corrosion, the average operating temperature of the molten salt in the market is 565 ℃, so that the overall efficiency of the solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is greatly limited. Meanwhile, the defects of the energy storage and heat exchange technology combined with the solar supercritical carbon dioxide are another problem, most of heat storage media and working media adopt an indirect heat exchange mode, the heat exchange efficiency is low, and the improvement of the overall efficiency is limited. In addition, in the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system, the device for supplementing the supercritical carbon dioxide is complex, the steps are complicated, and the device needs to be further simplified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low thermal efficiency and high cost of the existing solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system, and provides the solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system which can realize high-efficiency energy storage and heat exchange, improve the system efficiency and reduce the cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system, in which supercritical carbon dioxide circulates, the system comprising:
the solar energy heat absorber, the turbine unit and the Brayton cycle unit are respectively connected with the turbine unit through a pipeline;
the solar energy heat absorber is connected with the pipeline between the solar energy heat absorber and the turbine unit in parallel or in series;
the Brayton cycle unit is also provided with a gas storage tank for storing supercritical carbon dioxide;
when the illumination condition is sufficient, the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs heat in the solar heat absorber; meanwhile, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat in the solar heat absorber and transfers the heat to the metal carbonate in the storage tank, the metal carbonate is subjected to decomposition reaction, the heat is stored, and supercritical carbon dioxide is generated and enters the turbine unit together with the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide to apply work; after doing work, one part of the supercritical carbon dioxide passes through the Brayton cycle unit, is stored in the gas storage tank, and the other part returns to the solar heat absorber to absorb heat and do work circularly;
when the illumination condition is poor or no illumination exists, the solar heat absorber is isolated, the supercritical carbon dioxide and the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage tank pass through the Brayton cycle unit together, enter the storage tank, are subjected to chemical combination reaction with the metal oxide, release heat, heat the supercritical carbon dioxide, and enter the turbine unit to do work outwards.
The Brayton cycle unit may take a variety of forms, such as a simple Brayton cycle unit, a recompression partial cooling Brayton cycle unit, or a recompression intercooling Brayton cycle unit.
Preferably, the brayton cycle unit comprises: the system comprises a high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a main compressor, a secondary compressor and a cooler; after passing through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, the supercritical carbon dioxide which is acted on the outside by the turbine unit is divided into two strands, one strand is cooled by the cooler, pressurized by the main compressor and heated by the low-temperature heat regenerator, enters the high-temperature heat regenerator together with the other strand of supercritical carbon dioxide pressurized by the recompressor for heating, then enters the solar heat absorber for absorbing heat, and then circularly acts. The Brayton cycle unit is a form of recompression Brayton cycle, and a two-stage heat regenerator and a compressor are arranged in the Brayton cycle unit, so that the pinch point temperature is avoided, and the heat regeneration efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the gas tank is disposed between the low-temperature regenerator and the cooler. The position of the gas storage tank can be selected in various ways, and in order to reduce the cost of the gas storage tank, the supercritical carbon dioxide with low temperature and low pressure is taken as the best choice, so that the gas storage tank is arranged between the low-temperature heat regenerator and the cooler.
Preferably, the turbo unit can be arranged in an intermediate reheat configuration: the turbine unit comprises a low-pressure turbine, a high-pressure turbine and a solar heat storage tank arranged between the low-pressure turbine and the high-pressure turbine, and the solar heat storage tank is used for storing solar heat; the supercritical carbon dioxide entering the turbine unit firstly enters the high-pressure turbine to do work externally, then absorbs heat in the solar heat storage tank, and then enters the low-pressure turbine to do work externally.
Preferably, the heat absorbing medium in the solar heat absorber is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is both a heat transfer medium and a working medium. After the supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs the solar heat in the solar heat absorber, the supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a heat transfer medium to transfer heat energy to the metal carbonate in the storage tank, so that the flowing medium in the system only comprises the supercritical carbon dioxide and is simultaneously used as a heat absorption medium and a working medium, multiple intermediate heat exchange processes are avoided, the heat loss is reduced, the system is simplified, and the system efficiency and the economic benefit are improved.
Preferably, the focusing system of the solar heat absorber comprises one or more of a tower type light-gathering system, a disc type light-gathering system, a groove type light-gathering system or a linear Fresnel type light-gathering system.
Preferably, the storage tank comprises a fixed bed, a bubbling bed, a fluidized bed, a porous medium or honeycomb ceramics, wherein the fluidized bed can be a circulating fluidized bed or an internal circulating fluidized bed, and the like. The storage tank is both a location for storing the metal carbonate/metal oxide and a generator for heat storage and exothermic chemical reactions.
Further, preferably, when the storage tank is a porous medium or a honeycomb ceramic, the storage tank takes a metal oxide or silicon carbide as a matrix, and the metal carbonate is loaded on the surface of the porous medium or the honeycomb structure. The storage tank of porous medium or honeycomb ceramics can realize the combination of sensible heat and thermochemical heat storage.
Preferably, the metal carbonate comprises one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or radium carbonate, or a multi-component mixture that modifies lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or radium carbonate, e.g., MgCO3And Al2O3A binary mixture of (a).
Compared with the prior art, the system based on the Brayton cycle coupling of the thermochemical direct production of the supercritical carbon dioxide and the supercritical carbon dioxide has the following technical effects:
1. in the solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system provided by the invention, the supercritical carbon dioxide which does work circularly is directly heated by solar heat through the solar heat absorber, and the supercritical carbon dioxide does work simultaneouslyIs a heat-absorbing medium and a working medium, and avoids heat exchange
The device is simplified, and the operating temperature of the system is improved, so that the system efficiency and the economic benefit are improved.
2. When the solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system provided by the invention is operated, in the heat storage process, the energy storage substance metal carbonate is decomposed, and supercritical carbon dioxide can be directly generated while heat is stored, so that the solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system not only can be used as a supplementary source of supercritical carbon dioxide, simplifies the device, but also can improve the work capacity.
3. When the solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system provided by the invention is operated, in the heat release process, the metal oxide is directly contacted with the supercritical carbon dioxide to generate a chemical combination reaction, so that heat can be directly transferred to the supercritical carbon dioxide, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system of FIG. 3 comprises a recompression partial cooling Brayton cycle unit and the system of FIG. 4 comprises a recompression intermediate cooling Brayton cycle unit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tank according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a storage tank according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a tank according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a solar thermal absorber according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a solar thermal absorber according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a solar heat absorber; 2-a first valve; 3-a turbine unit; 4-a recompressor; 5-a cooler; 6-a main compressor; 7-a second valve; 8-a gas storage tank; 9-a third valve; 10-low temperature regenerator; 11-a high temperature regenerator; 12-a fourth valve; 13-a storage tank; 14-a fifth valve; 15-a sixth valve; 16-a precompressor; 17-an intercooler; 18-a fan; 31-a low pressure turbine; 32-a high-pressure turbine; 33-solar heat storage tank; 61-a separator; 62-filtration device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention relates to a MgCO-based material3A/MgO stored energy solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system in which supercritical carbon dioxide is circulated, the system comprising:
the device comprises a solar heat absorber 1, a turbine unit 3 and a Brayton cycle unit, wherein the solar heat absorber 1 and the Brayton cycle unit are respectively connected with the turbine unit 3 through pipelines, a storage tank 13 for storing metal carbonate and corresponding metal oxide is connected in parallel with a circulating supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline between the solar heat absorber 1 and the turbine unit 3, and a storage tank 8 for storing supercritical carbon dioxide is arranged in the Brayton cycle unit;
the brayton cycle unit in this embodiment is a recompression brayton cycle unit comprising: a high-temperature heat regenerator 11, a low-temperature heat regenerator 10, a main compressor 6, a recompressor 4 and a cooler 5; the hot end of the high-temperature heat regenerator 11 is connected with the turbine unit 3 and the low-temperature heat regenerator 10, the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 11 is connected with the recompressor 4 and the low-temperature heat regenerator 10, and the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 11 is connected with the solar heat absorber 1; the hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 10 is connected with the high-temperature heat regenerator 11, the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 10 is connected with the recompressor 4 and the cooler 5, and the cold end of the low-temperature heat regenerator 10 is connected with the main compressor 6 and the high-temperature heat regenerator 11; the cooler 5 is connected with the low-temperature heat regenerator 10 and the main compressor 6; the gas storage tank 8 is arranged between the low-temperature regenerator 10 and the cooler 5.
The operation process of the solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of the embodiment is as follows:
when the illumination condition is sufficient, a first valve 2, a fifth valve 14 and a third valve 9 for air inlet of an air storage tank 8 which are arranged in a pipeline for circulating supercritical carbon dioxide are opened, a second valve 7 for air outlet of the air storage tank 8 and a fourth valve 12 leading to a storage tank 13 are closed, and the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs heat in the solar heat absorber 1 and is heated to 750 ℃; meanwhile, solar heat is transferred to MgCO in the storage tank 13 through the heat exchange medium3MgCO at 25MPa and 669 deg.C3Decomposition reaction is carried out, heat is stored, and the supercritical carbon dioxide generated by thermochemistry and the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide passing through the solar heat absorber 1 enter the turbine unit 3 together to do work outwards.
After the low-pressure medium-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide which does work passes through the high-temperature heat regenerator 11 and the low-temperature heat regenerator 10, the equivalent amount of the supercritical carbon dioxide generated by thermochemistry is stored in the gas storage tank 8, the rest supercritical carbon dioxide is divided into two strands, one strand passes through the cooler 5, enters the main compressor 6, is heated by the low-temperature heat regenerator 10, is converged with the other strand of the supercritical carbon dioxide which passes through the recompressor 4, is heated together by the high-temperature heat regenerator 11, and finally enters the solar heat absorber 1 to absorb heat, so that the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is formed, and the cycle work is.
The chemical reaction that takes place in the endothermic process described above is shown in the following equation, and the thermal energy is stored in the form of chemical energy.
MgCO3→MgO+CO2
And when the illumination condition is poor or no illumination exists, the fourth valve 12, the first valve 2 and the fifth valve 14 are closed, and the solar heat absorber 1 is isolated. And opening a second valve 7 for outlet gas of a gas storage tank 8, closing a third valve 9 for inlet gas, merging the thermochemically generated supercritical carbon dioxide and the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage tank 8 into a stream, dividing the stream into two parts, cooling the stream by a cooler 5, pressurizing the stream by a main compressor 6, heating the stream by a low-temperature heat regenerator 10, entering a storage tank 13 together with the other stream of supercritical carbon dioxide pressurized by a secondary compressor 4, contacting MgO, performing a chemical combination reaction, releasing heat, heating the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide to 700 ℃, entering a turbine unit 3, and applying work to the outside.
The chemical reaction that occurs during the exothermic process is shown in the following equation:
MgO+CO2→MgCO3
a second embodiment of the invention also relates to a MgCO-based article3The structure of the/MgO energy storage solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system is shown in figure 2.
The difference from the first embodiment is that the turbine unit 3 in the present embodiment includes a low pressure turbine 31, a high pressure turbine 32, and a solar thermal storage tank 33 provided between the low pressure turbine 31 and the high pressure turbine 32 for storing solar heat, and a sixth valve 15 of the solar storage tank 33 for intake air. When the illumination condition is sufficient, the sixth valve 15 is opened, part of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide heated by the solar heat absorber 1 is extracted and enters the solar heat storage tank, heat is released, the heat is stored in the solar heat storage tank 33 in the form of sensible heat, latent heat or thermochemistry, and the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide after the heat is released enters the circulation loop to complete the heat storage process of the solar heat storage tank 33.
The operation process of the solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of the present embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the supercritical carbon dioxide entering the turbine unit 3 first enters the high-pressure turbine 32 to do work externally, then absorbs heat in the solar heat storage tank 33, and then enters the low-pressure turbine 31 to do work externally, thereby improving the overall efficiency.
A third embodiment of the invention also relates to a MgCO-based article3The difference between the/MgO energy storage solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system and the second embodiment is thatAn intercooler 17 is added to the brayton cycle unit, and the structure thereof is shown in fig. 3 or 4 according to the position of the intercooler 17.
The difference between the system shown in fig. 3, which includes a brayton cycle unit for recompression and partial cooling, and the second embodiment is that a precompressor 16 and an intercooler 17 are added in the present embodiment, the precompressor 16 is located before the main compressor 6 and the recompressor 4, the intercooler 17 is located between the precompressor 16 and the main compressor 6, the supercritical carbon dioxide cooled by the cooler 5 enters the precompressor 16 to be pressurized, and is divided into two streams, one of which is cooled by the intercooler 17 and pressurized by the main compressor 6, and the other is heated by the low-temperature regenerator 10 and then mixed with the supercritical carbon dioxide pressurized by the recompressor 4 to enter the high-temperature regenerator 11.
The system shown in fig. 4 includes a recompression intercooler brayton cycle unit, which differs from the second embodiment in that a precompressor 16 and an intercooler 17 are added, the precompressor 16 being located after the cooler 5 and before the intercooler 17, and the intercooler 17 being located between the precompressor 16 and the main compressor 6. Supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the low-temperature heat regenerator 10 is divided into two flows, one flow is precooled by a cooler 5, pressurized by a precompressor 16, cooled by an intercooler 17, pressurized by a main compressor 6, heated by the low-temperature heat regenerator 10 and mixed with the other flow of supercritical carbon dioxide pressurized by a secondary compressor 4, and then the two flows enter a high-temperature heat regenerator 11 together.
The recompression partial cooling Brayton unit and the recompression intermediate cooling Brayton unit of the present embodiment differ from the operation of the second embodiment in that the addition of the precompressor 16 and the intercooler 17 reduces the sensitivity to pressure ratio changes and the compressor power consumption, improves overall efficiency, and is more suitable for larger turbine pressure ratio systems.
A fourth embodiment of the invention also relates to a composition based on MgCO3The structure of the/MgO energy storage solar supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system is shown in figure 5.
The difference from the first embodiment is that the storage tank 13 in the present embodiment is connected in series to the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide line between the solar heat absorber 1 and the turbine unit 3.
A fifth embodiment of the present invention relates to the structure of the tank in the first to fourth embodiments. As shown in fig. 6, the storage tank in the present embodiment has a fixed-bed structure, which is simple and free from particle abrasion.
The sixth embodiment of the present invention also relates to the structure of the tank in the first to fourth embodiments. As shown in fig. 7, the storage tank in this embodiment is a partition type internal circulating fluidized bed structure, and a partition 61 and a filtering device 62 are disposed in the circulating fluidized bed structure, so that the heat and mass transfer effects can be enhanced by using the circulating fluidized bed, thereby enhancing the reaction rate and ensuring the completion of the chemical reaction.
The seventh embodiment of the present invention also relates to the structure of the tank in the first to fourth embodiments. As shown in fig. 8, the storage tank in the present embodiment has a honeycomb structure or a porous structure, and MgCO is used as a matrix of a metal oxide or silicon carbide3The solar energy can be stored in the forms of thermochemistry and sensible heat by loading on the surface of a honeycomb structure or a porous structure.
An eighth embodiment of the present invention relates to the structure of the solar heat absorber in the first to fourth embodiments. As shown in fig. 9, the solar heat absorber according to the present embodiment is a spiral-tube-cavity heat absorber, and this configuration can increase the temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the solar heat absorber by increasing the heating line length.
A ninth embodiment of the invention relates to another configuration of solar heat absorbers suitable for use in the system of the invention and a corresponding solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system.
The structure of the solar heat absorber in this embodiment is as shown in fig. 10, and this kind of solar heat absorber is a buried pipe type particle fluidized bed heat absorber, fills appropriate particles with the solar heat absorber, and carbon dioxide or other gases are fluidizing gas, so that solid particles in the solar heat absorber are in a fluidized state, and the solid particles absorb solar energy, and heat is mainly transferred to the pipeline in a convection and heat conduction manner, so as to heat supercritical carbon dioxide in the pipeline, and this kind of heating manner makes temperature distribution more uniform, and reduces pipeline thermal stress.
Fig. 11 shows a solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system corresponding to a buried-tube type granular fluidized bed solar heat absorber, and the solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system in the present embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that a fluidizing gas circulation circuit of the solar heat absorber 1 and a fan 18 for circulating the circulating gas are added, fluidizing gas enters the solar heat absorber 1, the solid particles in the solar heat absorber 1 are in a fluidized state, the fluidized gas absorbs heat in the solar heat absorber 1, the high-temperature fluidized gas after heat absorption is discharged from the solar heat absorber 1, enters the solar heat storage tank 33, releases heat, stores the heat in the solar heat storage tank 33 in the form of sensible heat, latent heat or chemical heat, and the low-temperature fluidized gas after heat release enters the solar heat absorber 1 through the fan 18 and flows in a circulating manner.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the brayton cycle unit may be a recompression brayton cycle unit, and may also be selected from other various forms, such as a simple brayton cycle unit, a recompression partial cooling brayton cycle unit, or a recompression intermediate cooling brayton cycle unit. The focusing system of the solar heat absorber can be one or more of various focusing systems in the prior art, such as a tower type light concentrating system, a disc type light concentrating system, a groove type light concentrating system or a linear Fresnel type light concentrating system. The metal carbonate may also include one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or radium carbonate; or a multi-component mixture comprising a modification of a carbonate of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or radium. The skilled person can select the above according to the needs, which does not limit the technical solution of the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in the embodiments described above, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solutions claimed in the claims of the present application can be basically implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the above-described embodiments, and thus, in practical applications, the above-described embodiments may be variously changed in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system in which supercritical carbon dioxide is circulated, comprising:
the solar energy heat absorber, the turbine unit and the Brayton cycle unit are respectively connected with the turbine unit through a pipeline;
the solar heat absorber and the turbine unit are connected in parallel or in series, and the solar heat absorber and the turbine unit are connected in series;
the Brayton cycle unit is also provided with a gas storage tank for storing supercritical carbon dioxide;
when the illumination condition is sufficient, the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide absorbs heat in the solar heat absorber; meanwhile, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat in the solar heat absorber and transfers the heat to the metal carbonate in the storage tank, the metal carbonate is subjected to decomposition reaction, the heat is stored, supercritical carbon dioxide is generated, and the supercritical carbon dioxide and the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide enter the turbine unit together to apply work to the outside; after doing work, one part of the supercritical carbon dioxide passes through the Brayton cycle unit, is stored in the gas storage tank, and the other part of the supercritical carbon dioxide returns to the solar heat absorber to absorb heat and do work circularly;
when the illumination condition is poor or no illumination exists, the solar heat absorber is isolated, the supercritical carbon dioxide and the circulating supercritical carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage tank pass through the Brayton cycle unit together and enter the storage tank to perform chemical combination reaction with the metal oxide, so that heat is released, the supercritical carbon dioxide is heated, and the heated supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine unit to apply work to the outside;
the heat absorption medium in the solar heat absorber is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is a heat transfer medium and a working medium.
2. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1 wherein the brayton cycle unit is any one of a simple brayton cycle unit, a recompression partial cooling brayton cycle unit, or a recompression intercooling brayton cycle unit.
3. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein the brayton cycle unit comprises: the system comprises a high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a main compressor, a secondary compressor and a cooler;
after the supercritical carbon dioxide which is acted by the turbine unit externally passes through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, the supercritical carbon dioxide is divided into two strands, one strand passes through the cooler for cooling, the main compressor for pressurizing and the low-temperature heat regenerator for heating, and then enters the solar heat absorber for absorbing heat and then doing work circularly after entering the high-temperature heat regenerator and the other strand passes through the recompressor for pressurizing.
4. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 3, wherein: the gas storage tank is arranged between the low-temperature heat regenerator and the cooler.
5. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the turbine unit comprises a low-pressure turbine, a high-pressure turbine and a solar heat storage tank arranged between the low-pressure turbine and the high-pressure turbine, and the solar heat storage tank is used for storing solar heat;
the supercritical carbon dioxide entering the turbine unit firstly enters the high-pressure turbine to do work externally, then absorbs heat in the solar heat storage tank, and then enters the low-pressure turbine to do work externally.
6. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the focusing system of the solar heat absorber comprises one or more of a tower type light-gathering system, a disc type light-gathering system, a groove type light-gathering system or a linear Fresnel type light-gathering system.
7. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the storage tank is any one of a fixed bed, a bubbling bed, a fluidized bed, a porous medium or honeycomb ceramics.
8. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 7, wherein: when the storage tank is a porous medium or honeycomb ceramic, metal oxide or silicon carbide is used as a matrix, and metal carbonate is loaded on the surface of the porous medium or the honeycomb ceramic.
9. The solar supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the metal carbonate comprises one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or radium carbonate; or a multi-component mixture comprising a modification of a carbonate of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or radium.
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| CN112576467A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-03-30 | 杨浩仁 | Solar Brayton cycle power generation system and method thereof |
| CN111859563B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2023-04-28 | 西安交通大学 | Similar modeling method for supercritical carbon dioxide turbine test |
| CN115127378B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2024-08-20 | 清华大学 | Particle/supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange experiment system and power generation experiment system |
| CN113663636B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-10-14 | 南京工业大学 | Rotary calcium-based high-temperature thermochemical energy storage reaction device and energy storage reaction method |
| CN114412603A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江大学 | Power generation system |
| CN116072318B (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-01-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multi-loop brayton cycle energy conversion system for heat pipe stacks and method of operation |
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