CN103683659B - Double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing combustion of liquefied natural gas - Google Patents
Double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing combustion of liquefied natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统，包括至少三组热声发电单元、预热系统及燃烧系统；每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第一室温换热器上依次连接第一热缓冲管和冷端换热器，冷端换热器与该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的回热器相连；液化天然气从系统低温换热器吸热，将低温冷量传给系统冷端换热器，再通过预热换热器回收高温烟气携带的热量，完成预热后进入燃烧系统；液化天然气与燃料在燃烧室混合燃烧产生高温烟气，高温烟气与系统热端换热器换热，将热量传给热端换热器后进入预热换热器预热液化天然气；与传统单热源发电系统相比，其充分利用液化天然气冷能及燃烧烟气热能，提高能源利用率，同时热源温比的提高可大幅提高发电机性能。
A dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion, including at least three sets of thermoacoustic power generation units, a preheating system, and a combustion system; The first heat buffer pipe and the cold end heat exchanger, the cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat recuperator of the thermoacoustic engine of the thermoacoustic power generation unit; the liquefied natural gas absorbs heat from the low temperature heat exchanger of the system and transfers the low temperature cold The heat exchanger at the cold end of the system, and then recover the heat carried by the high-temperature flue gas through the preheating heat exchanger, and then enter the combustion system after preheating; the mixed combustion of liquefied natural gas and fuel in the combustion chamber produces high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas and the system The hot-end heat exchanger exchanges heat, and the heat is transferred to the hot-end heat exchanger and then enters the preheating heat exchanger to preheat the liquefied natural gas; compared with the traditional single heat source power generation system, it makes full use of the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the heat energy of combustion flue gas , improve energy utilization, and increase the temperature ratio of the heat source can greatly improve the performance of the generator.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种发电系统，特别是一种利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统。The invention relates to a power generation system, in particular to a double-action thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion.
背景技术Background technique
液化天然气是目前我国重要的能源之一。作为一种清洁、高效、方便、安全的能源，以其热值高、污染少、储运方便等特点成为了现代社会可选择的优质能源之一。由于天然气的主要成分是甲烷，用天然气发电，完全燃烧后生成二氧化碳和水，与用煤发电、石油发电相比可大幅度地消减二氧化碳、二氧化硫、烟尘等污染物的排放量，所以它是很好的清洁燃料，有利于保护环境和减少城市污染。Liquefied natural gas is one of the important energy sources in my country at present. As a clean, efficient, convenient, and safe energy source, it has become one of the high-quality energy sources that modern society can choose due to its high calorific value, low pollution, and convenient storage and transportation. Since the main component of natural gas is methane, using natural gas to generate electricity and generating carbon dioxide and water after complete combustion can greatly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, smoke and other pollutants compared with coal power generation and oil power generation, so it is very A good clean fuel is beneficial to protect the environment and reduce urban pollution.
天然气经过深度冷却后变成液体，液化天然气常压下沸点温度为-162℃，因为在液化过程中杂质变成固体被排除，所以液化天然气纯度很高。液化天然气比同质量的天然气小625倍，这样可用汽车、轮船很方便地将液化天然气运到所需地方使用。然而，在供应给用户使用前需要将液化天然气进行汽化。通常天然气气化器从海水和空气中吸热，造成大量的高品位冷能的浪费。液化天然气标准气化潜热约为510kJ/kg，升温至25℃室温吸热约400kJ/kg，由此可见液化天然气含有丰富的冷能。现有技术利用液化天然气发电时通常先采用技术回收液化天然气的冷能，再采用燃气轮机进行发电。液化天然气冷能的回收利用一种方法是通过直接膨胀法或中间热载体的朗肯循环法，将液化天然气或被液化天然气冷却后的低温热载体从海水或空气等常温热源吸热，形成高压气体后采用透平膨胀机做功带动发电机产生电能。常温下的天然气再经燃气轮机进行发电。CN201110050254.0公开了另一种利用液化天然气的斯特林发动机和燃气轮机联合系统，该系统中利用斯特林机将液化天然气的冷能发电再用燃气轮机发电。这些系统都利用了两套发动机分别来实现冷热温源的利用，系统十分复杂，不利于实用。Natural gas becomes liquid after deep cooling, and the boiling point temperature of LNG is -162°C under normal pressure. Because impurities become solids and are removed during the liquefaction process, the purity of LNG is very high. Liquefied natural gas is 625 times smaller than natural gas of the same quality, so it can be easily transported to the desired place by car and ship. However, LNG needs to be vaporized before being supplied to users. Usually natural gas gasifier absorbs heat from seawater and air, resulting in a large waste of high-grade cold energy. The standard latent heat of vaporization of liquefied natural gas is about 510kJ/kg, and the heat absorption at room temperature is about 400kJ/kg when the temperature rises to 25°C. It can be seen that liquefied natural gas is rich in cold energy. In the prior art, when using liquefied natural gas to generate electricity, technology is usually used to recover the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, and then a gas turbine is used to generate electricity. One method of recycling the cold energy of liquefied natural gas is to use the direct expansion method or the Rankine cycle method of the intermediate heat carrier to absorb heat from the liquefied natural gas or the low-temperature heat carrier cooled by the liquefied natural gas from a normal temperature heat source such as seawater or air to form a high pressure After the gas, a turbo expander is used to do work to drive a generator to generate electricity. Natural gas at room temperature is then passed through a gas turbine to generate electricity. CN201110050254.0 discloses another combination system of Stirling engine and gas turbine utilizing liquefied natural gas, in which the Stirling machine is used to generate electricity from the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and then the gas turbine is used to generate electricity. These systems have all utilized two sets of engines to realize the utilization of cold, hot and warm sources respectively, and the systems are very complicated, which is not conducive to practicality.
与斯特林发动机类似，传统的热声发电系统在单台设备上也只能实现单热源利用，无法实现高低温热源的同时利用，因此也无法实现液化天然气冷能的利用；图1为传统的双作用热声发电系统结构示意图，该系统包括：Similar to the Stirling engine, the traditional thermoacoustic power generation system can only realize the utilization of a single heat source on a single device, and cannot realize the simultaneous utilization of high and low temperature heat sources, so it cannot realize the utilization of cold energy of liquefied natural gas; Figure 1 shows the traditional Schematic diagram of the double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system, which includes:
直线发电机101；所述直线发电机101由汽缸、置于所述汽缸之内的压缩活塞111、与所述压缩活塞111相连的发电机动子113、绕制于发电机动子113外围的发电机定子线圈114、与所述发电机定子线圈114电连接的发电机负载115及连接于所述发电机动子113另一端的膨胀活塞112组成；Linear generator 101; the linear generator 101 is composed of a cylinder, a compression piston 111 placed inside the cylinder, a generator rotor 113 connected to the compression piston 111, and a generator wound around the generator rotor 113 Composed of a stator coil 114, a generator load 115 electrically connected to the generator stator coil 114, and an expansion piston 112 connected to the other end of the generator rotor 113;
所述第一室温换热器102、回热器105、热端换热器106、热缓冲管107、第二室温换热器108和连接管109；连接管109连接下一组双作用热声发电系统；The first room temperature heat exchanger 102, regenerator 105, hot end heat exchanger 106, thermal buffer pipe 107, second room temperature heat exchanger 108 and connection pipe 109; the connection pipe 109 connects the next set of double-acting thermoacoustic Power system;
当热端换热器106吸收来自热源的热量形成高温端时，第一室温换热器102放出热量形成室温端，这样在回热器105的两端形成了温差，根据热声效应，当回热器达到一定温度梯度时，系统便自激起振，将热能转化成声功。声功沿着温度梯度的正方向先传递到本组的热缓冲管107和第二室温换热器108，然后由连接管109传递到下一组的直线发电机101，将一部分声功转化成电功，将剩余的声功继续传递到下一组的第一室温换热器102并通过回热器105放大声功，依次传递下去，三组系统构成环路，每台发动机都可以回收上一台的部分声功，有利于提高效率。双作用体现在每台发电机的一个活塞起到压缩活塞的作用，另一个活塞起到膨胀活塞的作用，通过调节阻抗，均可以获得较高的热电转换效率和较大的发电量。在图1所示的传统的双作用热声发电系统中，无法简单通过第一室温换热器102与低温冷源热交换来实现冷能利用，因为这样会造成大量的冷能损失，同时发电机还将工作在低温环境，性能及可靠性大大降低。原理上，在传统双作用热声发电系统中，热端换热器106也可以是冷端换热器104，用来吸收低温热源的冷能形成低温端。由于回热器两端存在温度梯度，冷能也可以转化成声功最终发电。但是由于回热器温度梯度小，系统性能较低。同样的，也不能简单通过第一室温换热器102与高温热源热交换来实现热能利用，因为这样会造成大量的热量损失，同时发电机还将工作在高温环境，性能及可靠性大大降低。When the hot end heat exchanger 106 absorbs heat from the heat source to form a high temperature end, the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 releases heat to form a room temperature end, thus forming a temperature difference between the two ends of the regenerator 105. According to the thermoacoustic effect, when the regenerator When the heater reaches a certain temperature gradient, the system will self-excite and vibrate, converting heat energy into sound work. The sound work is first transmitted to the heat buffer pipe 107 and the second room temperature heat exchanger 108 of this group along the positive direction of the temperature gradient, and then transferred to the next group of linear generators 101 through the connecting pipe 109, and a part of the sound work is converted into Electric power, continue to transfer the remaining sound power to the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 of the next group and amplify the sound power through the regenerator 105, and pass it on in turn. The three groups of systems form a loop, and each engine can be recycled. Part of the sound power of a machine is beneficial to improve efficiency. The double action is reflected in the fact that one piston of each generator acts as a compression piston, and the other piston acts as an expansion piston. By adjusting the impedance, a higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency and a larger power generation can be obtained. In the traditional double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system shown in Figure 1, it is impossible to realize cold energy utilization simply by exchanging heat between the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 and the low-temperature cold source, because this will cause a large amount of cold energy loss, and at the same time generate electricity The machine will also work in a low-temperature environment, and its performance and reliability will be greatly reduced. In principle, in a traditional double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system, the hot-end heat exchanger 106 can also be the cold-end heat exchanger 104, which is used to absorb cold energy from a low-temperature heat source to form a low-temperature end. Due to the temperature gradient at both ends of the regenerator, the cold energy can also be converted into sound work and eventually generate electricity. However, due to the small temperature gradient of the regenerator, the system performance is low. Similarly, thermal energy utilization cannot be achieved simply by exchanging heat between the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 and a high-temperature heat source, because this will cause a large amount of heat loss, and the generator will also work in a high-temperature environment, greatly reducing performance and reliability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明正是基于以上现有热发电技术存在的一些问题，提出一种新型的利用液氧燃烧的双作用热声发电系统，其优点在于，在单台设备上利用了天然气燃烧热量的同时还利用了液化天然气的冷能，在基本不增加系统复杂度的基础上大幅提高了能源利用率。由于回热器两端绝对温度比的升高，系统性能较之单热源发电系统也得到大幅地提高。同时，通过新的结构设计避免了发电机工作在低温或高温环境，既减少了能量的损失、提高了能量利用率又提高了发电机的可靠性。Based on the problems existing in the above existing thermal power generation technology, the present invention proposes a novel dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system using liquid oxygen combustion. The cold energy of liquefied natural gas is used, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved on the basis of basically not increasing the complexity of the system. Due to the increase of the absolute temperature ratio at both ends of the regenerator, the system performance is also greatly improved compared with the single heat source power generation system. At the same time, the new structural design prevents the generator from working in a low-temperature or high-temperature environment, which not only reduces energy loss, improves energy utilization, but also improves the reliability of the generator.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
本发明提供的利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统，其包括至少三组热声发电单元；The dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion provided by the present invention includes at least three sets of thermoacoustic power generation units;
所述至少三组热声发电单元的每组热声发电单元均由一个直线发电机101和一个热声发动机组成；所述直线发电机101由汽缸、置于汽缸内两端的压缩活塞111和膨胀活塞112、与所述压缩活塞111及膨胀活塞112相连的发电机动子113、绕制于发电机动子113外围的发电机定子线圈114和与所述发电机定子线圈114电连接的发电机负载115组成；热声发动机包括依次相连的第一室温换热器102、回热器105、热端换热器106、第二热缓冲管107、第二室温换热器108和连接管109；每组热声发电单元的直线发电机101的汽缸上端部与该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第一室温换热器102通过管道相连通；该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的连接管109与下一组热声发电单元的直线发电机101的汽缸下端部相连通；首组热声发电单元的直线发电机101的汽缸下端部与末组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第二室温换热器108相连通；Each group of thermoacoustic power generation units of the at least three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units is composed of a linear generator 101 and a thermoacoustic engine; Piston 112, generator rotor 113 connected to the compression piston 111 and expansion piston 112, generator stator coil 114 wound around the generator rotor 113, and generator load 115 electrically connected to the generator stator coil 114 Composition; the thermoacoustic engine comprises a first room temperature heat exchanger 102, a regenerator 105, a hot end heat exchanger 106, a second thermal buffer pipe 107, a second room temperature heat exchanger 108 and a connecting pipe 109 connected in sequence; each group The upper end of the cylinder of the linear generator 101 of the thermoacoustic power generation unit communicates with the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 of the thermoacoustic engine of the group of thermoacoustic power generation units through pipelines; the connecting pipe of the thermoacoustic engine of the group of thermoacoustic power generation units 109 communicates with the lower end of the cylinder of the linear generator 101 of the next group of thermoacoustic power generation units; The room temperature heat exchanger 108 is connected;
其特征在于，还包括燃烧系统和液化天然气及空气预热系统；所述至少三组热声发电单元的每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第一室温换热器102上依次连接第一热缓冲管103和冷端换热器104，所述冷端换热器104与该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的回热器105相连；It is characterized in that it also includes a combustion system, liquefied natural gas and air preheating system; the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units of the at least three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units is sequentially connected to the first A thermal buffer pipe 103 and a cold-end heat exchanger 104, the cold-end heat exchanger 104 is connected to the regenerator 105 of the thermoacoustic engine of the group of thermoacoustic power generation units;
所述燃烧系统由燃烧室301、风机302、天然气泵206和烟气输出管道303组成；天然气经预热换热器204由天然气泵206输送到燃烧室301、空气由风机302输送入预热换热器204再进入燃烧室301，空气与天然气在燃烧室301进行燃烧；所述燃烧室301出口通过烟气输出管道303分别与每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的热端换热器106相连；The combustion system is composed of a combustion chamber 301, a blower fan 302, a natural gas pump 206 and a flue gas output pipe 303; the natural gas is transported to the combustion chamber 301 by the natural gas pump 206 through the preheating heat exchanger 204, and the air is transported into the preheating exchanger by the fan 302. The heater 204 enters the combustion chamber 301 again, and air and natural gas are burned in the combustion chamber 301; the outlet of the combustion chamber 301 is respectively connected to the hot end heat exchanger 106 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units through the flue gas output pipe 303 connected;
所述液化天然气及空气预热系统由液态天然气存储罐201、液态天然气阀门202、液态天然气输出管道203、预热换热器204、天然气输入管道205、天然气输入管道阀门208、天然气外输管道207组成；液态天然气存储罐201通过液态天然气阀门202和液态天然气输出管道203分别与每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的冷端换热器104相连通；液态天然气存储罐201内的液氧将低温冷量传给冷端换热器104，自身吸热气化变成天然气由冷端换热器104流出；流出冷端换热器104的天然气一部分通过天然气外输管道207输给其他用户，另一部分经天然气输入管道阀门208进入预热换热器204与燃烧室301排放的烟气进行换热；常温下的空气经风机302输送入预热换热器204；天然气与空气分别回收烟气的热量温度升高后从预热换热器204流出；从预热换热器204流出的高温天然气在天然气泵206的驱动下与从预热换热器204流出的高温空气一起进入燃烧室301进行燃烧；燃烧产生的高温烟气经烟气输出管道303分别进入每组热声发电系统的热声发动机的热端换热器106，将热量传递给热端换热器106；高温烟气从热端换热器106流出后进入预热换热器204，对低温天然气和常温空气进行预热；The liquefied natural gas and air preheating system consists of a liquefied natural gas storage tank 201, a liquefied natural gas valve 202, a liquefied natural gas output pipeline 203, a preheating heat exchanger 204, a natural gas input pipeline 205, a natural gas input pipeline valve 208, and a natural gas output pipeline 207 composition; the liquid natural gas storage tank 201 is respectively connected with the cold end heat exchanger 104 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units through the liquid natural gas valve 202 and the liquid natural gas output pipeline 203; the liquid oxygen in the liquid natural gas storage tank 201 will The low-temperature cold energy is transferred to the cold-end heat exchanger 104, and the natural gas is converted into natural gas from the cold-end heat exchanger 104 after absorbing heat; part of the natural gas flowing out of the cold-end heat exchanger 104 is transported to other users through the natural gas export pipeline 207. The other part enters the preheating heat exchanger 204 through the natural gas input pipeline valve 208 to exchange heat with the flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber 301; the air at normal temperature is transported into the preheating heat exchanger 204 through the fan 302; the natural gas and the air respectively recover the flue gas After the heat temperature rises, it flows out from the preheating heat exchanger 204; the high-temperature natural gas flowing out from the preheating heat exchanger 204 enters the combustion chamber 301 together with the high-temperature air flowing out from the preheating heat exchanger 204 under the drive of the natural gas pump 206 Combustion; the high-temperature flue gas produced by combustion enters the hot-end heat exchanger 106 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation systems through the flue gas output pipe 303, and transfers heat to the hot-end heat exchanger 106; After the hot end heat exchanger 106 flows out, it enters the preheating heat exchanger 204 to preheat low-temperature natural gas and normal temperature air;
在上述流程中，每组热声发电系统的热声发动机的热端换热器106形成高温、冷端换热器104形成低温，这样在回热器105的两端形成温度梯度；当回热器105达到一定温度梯度时，利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统便自激起振，系统内产生压力波动、将热能转化成声功；经直线发电机101的压缩活塞111向热声发电系统的热声发动机反馈声功，该声功通过第一室温换热器102、第一热缓冲管103及冷端换热器104传递到回热器；在回热器105两端温度梯度的作用下，该声功被放大；放大流出回热器105的声功经热端换热器106、第二热缓冲管107、第二室温换热器108及连接管109传递到下一组的直线发电机101的膨胀活塞112，推动直线发电机101的膨胀活塞111运动，一方面使得永磁体113在线圈114内部运动，形成磁通量的变化，从而完成声功到电功的转化；另一方面也使得压缩活塞111运动，向下一组热声发动机反馈声功，依次传递形成循环，至少三组热声发电单元构成环路。In the above process, the hot end heat exchanger 106 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation system forms a high temperature, and the cold end heat exchanger 104 forms a low temperature, thus forming a temperature gradient at both ends of the regenerator 105; When the device 105 reaches a certain temperature gradient, the double-action thermoacoustic power generation system using liquefied natural gas combustion will self-excite and vibrate, and pressure fluctuations will be generated in the system to convert heat energy into sound work; The thermoacoustic engine of the power generation system feeds back the sound work, which is transmitted to the regenerator through the first room temperature heat exchanger 102, the first thermal buffer pipe 103 and the cold end heat exchanger 104; the temperature gradient at both ends of the regenerator 105 Under the action of , the sound work is amplified; the amplified sound work flowing out of the regenerator 105 is transmitted to the next group through the hot end heat exchanger 106, the second heat buffer pipe 107, the second room temperature heat exchanger 108 and the connecting pipe 109 The expansion piston 112 of the linear generator 101 pushes the expansion piston 111 of the linear generator 101 to move. On the one hand, the permanent magnet 113 moves inside the coil 114 to form a change in magnetic flux, thereby completing the conversion of sound work to electric work; On the one hand, it also makes the compression piston 111 move, feeds back the sound work to the next group of thermoacoustic engines, and transmits it in turn to form a cycle, and at least three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units form a loop.
所述至少三组热声发电单元的每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第一室温换热器102和第一热缓冲管103将冷端换热器104与该组热声发电单元的直线发电机101隔开，以减少冷能损失，提高冷能利用率、避免直线发电机在低温环境工作。The first room temperature heat exchanger 102 and the first thermal buffer pipe 103 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units of the at least three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units connect the cold end heat exchanger 104 with the group of thermoacoustic power generation units. The linear generator 101 is separated to reduce the loss of cold energy, improve the utilization rate of cold energy, and prevent the linear generator from working in a low temperature environment.
所述至少三组热声发电单元的每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第二室温换热器108和第二热缓冲管107将热端换热器106与下一组热声发电单元的直线发电机隔开，以减少热能损失，提高热能利用率、避免直线发电机在高温环境工作。The second room temperature heat exchanger 108 and the second thermal buffer tube 107 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units of the at least three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units connect the hot end heat exchanger 106 with the next group of thermoacoustic power generation units The linear generators are separated to reduce heat loss, improve thermal energy utilization, and avoid linear generators working in high temperature environments.
所述天然气输入管道阀门208调节天然气进入燃烧系统的流量，从而保证热端换热器所需的热量与冷端换热器所需冷量相匹配。The natural gas input pipeline valve 208 regulates the flow of natural gas entering the combustion system, so as to ensure that the heat required by the heat exchanger at the hot end matches the cooling capacity required by the heat exchanger at the cold end.
低温液化天然气经液氧输出管道203串联进入热声发动机的低温换热器；所述燃烧系统中，高温烟气经烟气输出管道303串联进入热声发动机的高温换热器；在流动方向上：低温液化天然气与高温烟气顺流分别流经发动机的冷端换热器与热端换热器，或者低温液化天然气与高温烟气逆流分别流经发动机的冷端换热器与热端换热器。The low-temperature liquefied natural gas enters the low-temperature heat exchanger of the thermoacoustic engine in series through the liquid oxygen output pipeline 203; in the combustion system, the high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature heat exchanger of the thermoacoustic engine in series through the flue gas output pipeline 303; in the flow direction : Low-temperature liquefied natural gas and high-temperature flue gas flow through the engine's cold-end heat exchanger and hot-end heat exchanger respectively, or low-temperature liquefied natural gas and high-temperature flue gas flow countercurrently through the engine's cold-end heat exchanger and hot-end heat exchanger respectively heater.
本发明的利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统可以两套或两套以上串联工作。The dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system using liquefied natural gas combustion of the present invention can work in series with two or more sets.
本发明的优点如下：在单台设备上利用了天然气燃烧热量的同时还利用了液化天然气的冷能，在基本不增加系统复杂度的基础上大幅提高了能源利用率。由于回热器两端绝对温度比的升高，系统性能较之单热源发电系统也得到大幅地提高。同时，通过新的结构设计避免了发电机工作在低温或高温环境，既减少了能量的损失、提高了能量利用率又提高了发电机的可靠性。The invention has the following advantages: the heat of natural gas combustion and the cold energy of liquefied natural gas are utilized on a single device, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved on the basis of basically not increasing the complexity of the system. Due to the increase of the absolute temperature ratio at both ends of the regenerator, the system performance is also greatly improved compared with the single heat source power generation system. At the same time, the new structural design prevents the generator from working in a low-temperature or high-temperature environment, which not only reduces energy loss, improves energy utilization, but also improves the reliability of the generator.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为传统的双作用热声发电系统结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a traditional double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system;
图2为本发明一种同时利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例1）结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 1) that utilizes liquefied natural gas combustion at the same time according to the present invention;
图3为本发明一种同时利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例2）结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 2) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion simultaneously in the present invention;
图4为本发明一种同时利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例3）结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 3) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion simultaneously in the present invention;
图5为本发明一种同时利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例4）结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 4) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion simultaneously in the present invention;
图6为本发明一种同时利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例5）结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 5) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion simultaneously in the present invention;
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及实施例进一步描述本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明的利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统，充分利用了高温烟气热源和低温液化天然气冷源，大大提高了能源利用率；而热源和冷源的同时利用可以增大回热器高低温端的温比，提高回热器产生声功的能力，增大系统的发电量。新的结构设计减少了冷能和热能的损失，大大提高了双作用热声发电系统的性能。The dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion of the present invention makes full use of the high-temperature flue gas heat source and the low-temperature liquefied natural gas cold source, greatly improving the energy utilization rate; and the simultaneous utilization of the heat source and the cold source can increase the size of the regenerator The temperature ratio of the high and low temperature end improves the ability of the regenerator to generate sound work and increases the power generation of the system. The new structural design reduces the loss of cold energy and heat energy, and greatly improves the performance of the double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system.
实施例1：Example 1:
图2为一种利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统，其包括：三组热声发电单元、一个液化天然气及空气预热系统及一个燃烧系统；Figure 2 is a dual-action thermoacoustic power generation system utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion, which includes: three sets of thermoacoustic power generation units, a liquefied natural gas and air preheating system, and a combustion system;
本实施例的三组热声发电单元中的每组热声发电单元均由一个直线发电机101和一个热声发动机组成；所述直线发电机101由汽缸、置于汽缸内两端的压缩活塞111和膨胀活塞112、与所述压缩活塞111及膨胀活塞112相连的发电机动子113、绕制于发电机动子113外围的发电机定子线圈114和与所述发电机定子线圈114电连接的发电机负载115组成；热声发动机包括依次相连的第一室温换热器102、第一热缓冲管103、冷端换热器104、回热器105、热端换热器106、第二热缓冲管107、第二室温换热器108和连接管109；每组热声发电单元的直线发电机101的汽缸上端部与该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第一室温换热器102通过管道相连通；该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的连接管109与下一组热声发电单元的直线发电机101的汽缸下端部相连通；首组热声发电单元的直线发电机101的汽缸下端部与末组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第二室温换热器108相连通；其特征在于，每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的第一室温换热器102上依次连接第一热缓冲管103和冷端换热器104，所述冷端换热器104与该组热声发电单元的热声发动机的回热器105相连；Each of the three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units in this embodiment is composed of a linear generator 101 and a thermoacoustic engine; the linear generator 101 is composed of a cylinder and compression pistons 111 placed at both ends of the cylinder and the expansion piston 112, the generator rotor 113 connected to the compression piston 111 and the expansion piston 112, the generator stator coil 114 wound around the generator rotor 113 and the generator electrically connected to the generator stator coil 114 The load 115 is composed of; the thermoacoustic engine includes a first room temperature heat exchanger 102, a first heat buffer pipe 103, a cold end heat exchanger 104, a regenerator 105, a hot end heat exchanger 106, and a second heat buffer pipe connected in sequence 107. The second room temperature heat exchanger 108 and connecting pipe 109; the upper end of the cylinder of the linear generator 101 of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units and the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 of the thermoacoustic engine of the group of thermoacoustic power generation units pass through the pipeline connected; the connecting pipe 109 of the thermoacoustic engine of this group of thermoacoustic generating units is connected with the lower end of the cylinder of the linear generator 101 of the next group of thermoacoustic generating units; the cylinder of the linear generator 101 of the first group of thermoacoustic generating units The lower end communicates with the second room temperature heat exchanger 108 of the thermoacoustic engine of the last group of thermoacoustic power generation units; it is characterized in that the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units is connected to the first room temperature heat exchanger 102 in sequence. A thermal buffer pipe 103 and a cold-end heat exchanger 104, the cold-end heat exchanger 104 is connected to the regenerator 105 of the thermoacoustic engine of the group of thermoacoustic power generation units;
所述燃烧系统由燃烧室301、风机302、天然气泵206和烟气输出管道303组成；天然气经预热换热器204由天然气泵206输送到燃烧室301、空气由风机302输送入预热换热器204再进入燃烧室301，空气与天然气在燃烧室301进行燃烧；所述燃烧室301出口通过烟气输出管道303分别与每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的热端换热器106相连；The combustion system is composed of a combustion chamber 301, a blower fan 302, a natural gas pump 206 and a flue gas output pipe 303; the natural gas is transported to the combustion chamber 301 by the natural gas pump 206 through the preheating heat exchanger 204, and the air is transported into the preheating exchanger by the fan 302. The heater 204 enters the combustion chamber 301 again, and air and natural gas are burned in the combustion chamber 301; the outlet of the combustion chamber 301 is respectively connected to the hot end heat exchanger 106 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units through the flue gas output pipe 303 connected;
所述液化天然气及空气预热系统由液态天然气存储罐201、液态天然气阀门202、液态天然气输出管道203、预热换热器204、天然气输入管道205、天然气输入管道阀门208、天然气外输管道207组成；液态天然气存储罐201通过液态天然气阀门202和液态天然气输出管道203分别与每组热声发电单元的热声发动机的冷端换热器104相连通；液态天然气存储罐201内的液氧将低温冷量传给冷端换热器104，自身吸热气化变成天然气由冷端换热器104流出；流出冷端换热器104的天然气一部分通过天然气外输管道207输给其他用户，另一部分经天然气输入管道阀门208进入预热换热器204与燃烧室301排放的烟气进行换热；常温下的空气经风机302输送入预热换热器204；天然气与空气分别回收烟气的热量温度升高后从预热换热器204流出；从预热换热器204流出的高温天然气在天然气泵206的驱动下与从预热换热器204流出的高温空气一起进入燃烧室301进行燃烧；燃烧产生的高温烟气经烟气输出管道303分别进入每组热声发电系统的热声发动机的热端换热器106，将热量传递给热端换热器106；高温烟气从热端换热器106流出后进入预热换热器204，对低温天然气和常温空气进行预热；The liquefied natural gas and air preheating system consists of a liquefied natural gas storage tank 201, a liquefied natural gas valve 202, a liquefied natural gas output pipeline 203, a preheating heat exchanger 204, a natural gas input pipeline 205, a natural gas input pipeline valve 208, and a natural gas output pipeline 207 composition; the liquid natural gas storage tank 201 is respectively connected with the cold end heat exchanger 104 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation units through the liquid natural gas valve 202 and the liquid natural gas output pipeline 203; the liquid oxygen in the liquid natural gas storage tank 201 will The low-temperature cold energy is transferred to the cold-end heat exchanger 104, and the natural gas is converted into natural gas from the cold-end heat exchanger 104 after absorbing heat; part of the natural gas flowing out of the cold-end heat exchanger 104 is transported to other users through the natural gas export pipeline 207. The other part enters the preheating heat exchanger 204 through the natural gas input pipeline valve 208 to exchange heat with the flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber 301; the air at normal temperature is transported into the preheating heat exchanger 204 through the fan 302; the natural gas and the air respectively recover the flue gas After the heat temperature rises, it flows out from the preheating heat exchanger 204; the high-temperature natural gas flowing out from the preheating heat exchanger 204 enters the combustion chamber 301 together with the high-temperature air flowing out from the preheating heat exchanger 204 under the drive of the natural gas pump 206 Combustion; the high-temperature flue gas produced by combustion enters the hot-end heat exchanger 106 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation systems through the flue gas output pipe 303, and transfers heat to the hot-end heat exchanger 106; After the hot end heat exchanger 106 flows out, it enters the preheating heat exchanger 204 to preheat low-temperature natural gas and normal temperature air;
在上述流程中，每组热声发电系统的热声发动机的热端换热器106形成高温、冷端换热器104形成低温，这样在回热器105的两端形成温度梯度；当回热器105达到一定温度梯度时，利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统便自激起振，系统内产生压力波动、将热能转化成声功；经直线发电机101的压缩活塞111向热声发电系统的热声发动机反馈声功，该声功通过第一室温换热器102、第一热缓冲管103及冷端换热器104传递到回热器；在回热器105两端温度梯度的作用下，该声功被放大；放大流出回热器105的声功经热端换热器106、第二热缓冲管107、第二室温换热器108及连接管109传递到下一组的直线发电机101的膨胀活塞112，推动直线发电机101的膨胀活塞111运动，一方面使得永磁体113在线圈114内部运动，形成磁通量的变化，从而完成声功到电功的转化；另一方面也使得压缩活塞111运动，向下一组热声发动机反馈声功；依次传递形成循环，三组热声发电单元构成环路。In the above process, the hot end heat exchanger 106 of the thermoacoustic engine of each group of thermoacoustic power generation system forms a high temperature, and the cold end heat exchanger 104 forms a low temperature, thus forming a temperature gradient at both ends of the regenerator 105; When the device 105 reaches a certain temperature gradient, the double-action thermoacoustic power generation system using liquefied natural gas combustion will self-excite and vibrate, and pressure fluctuations will be generated in the system to convert heat energy into sound work; The thermoacoustic engine of the power generation system feeds back the sound work, which is transmitted to the regenerator through the first room temperature heat exchanger 102, the first thermal buffer pipe 103 and the cold end heat exchanger 104; the temperature gradient at both ends of the regenerator 105 Under the action of , the sound work is amplified; the amplified sound work flowing out of the regenerator 105 is transmitted to the next group through the hot end heat exchanger 106, the second heat buffer pipe 107, the second room temperature heat exchanger 108 and the connecting pipe 109 The expansion piston 112 of the linear generator 101 pushes the expansion piston 111 of the linear generator 101 to move. On the one hand, the permanent magnet 113 moves inside the coil 114 to form a change in magnetic flux, thereby completing the conversion of sound work to electric work; On the one hand, it also makes the compression piston 111 move, and feeds back the sound work to the next group of thermoacoustic engines; the transmission is sequential to form a cycle, and the three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units form a loop.
实施例2：Example 2:
图3为本发明的一种利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例2）结构示意图。本实施例是在实施例1的基础上，将三组热声发电单元扩展为四组，而燃烧系统和液化天然气及空气预热系统只是简单增加了一路管道，这样在结构简单变化后提高了系统的功率密度和总体发电量；容易想象，可以根据具体的用电需求和尺寸要求，选择四组以上的多组热声发电单元。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 2) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion according to the present invention. In this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 1, three groups of thermoacoustic power generation units are expanded into four groups, and the combustion system, liquefied natural gas and air preheating system simply add a pipeline, which improves the efficiency after a simple change in structure. The power density and overall power generation of the system; it is easy to imagine that more than four groups of thermoacoustic power generation units can be selected according to specific power demand and size requirements.
实施例3：Example 3:
图4为本发明的利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例3）结构示意图。本实施例是在实施例1的基础上，将其中的三组热声发电单元的热声发动机的冷热端换热器并联换热的形式换成串联换热，即液化天然气预热系统和燃烧系统中的低温和高温流体依次同方向流过冷、热端换热器，经过最后一组换热后在预热换热器处进行热交换，降低了排出烟气温度并升高了进入燃烧室的氧气温度，节省了燃料；由于每台热声发动机内高温换热器温度依次降低，低温换热器温度依次升高，使得回热器两端的温差依次减少，发电机的发电量也依次减少，可以根据不同的用电需求，应用不同的发电量。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 3) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion according to the present invention. In this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the parallel heat exchange of the hot and cold end heat exchangers of the thermoacoustic engines of the three sets of thermoacoustic power generation units is replaced by series heat exchange, that is, the liquefied natural gas preheating system and The low-temperature and high-temperature fluids in the combustion system flow through the cold and hot end heat exchangers in the same direction in turn, and then exchange heat at the preheating heat exchanger after the last set of heat exchange, which reduces the exhaust gas temperature and increases the inlet air temperature. The oxygen temperature in the combustion chamber saves fuel; because the temperature of the high-temperature heat exchanger in each thermoacoustic engine decreases sequentially, and the temperature of the low-temperature heat exchanger increases sequentially, so that the temperature difference between the two ends of the regenerator decreases sequentially, and the power generation of the generator also decreases. Decrease in turn, and different power generation can be applied according to different power demands.
实施例4：Example 4:
图5为本发明的一种利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例4）结构示意图。本实施例是在实施例1的基础上，将高低温流体依次同方向流过各换热器变为反方向流过各换热器，这样可以减少每台发动机中回热器两端温差的差异，使得三台发电机的发电量尽量接近，以便满足相应的用电需求；同时将预热换热器204中冷热流体的流动由顺流形式改为逆流形式，达到更好的换热效果。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 4) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion according to the present invention. This embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 1, and the high and low temperature fluids flow through the heat exchangers in the same direction in turn and change to flow through the heat exchangers in the opposite direction, so that the temperature difference between the two ends of the regenerator in each engine can be reduced. difference, so that the power generation of the three generators is as close as possible to meet the corresponding power demand; at the same time, the flow of the cold and hot fluid in the preheating heat exchanger 204 is changed from a forward flow form to a counterflow form to achieve better heat exchange Effect.
实施例5：Example 5:
图6为本发明的一种利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统（实施例5）结构示意图；本实施例是在实施例1的基础上，将两套双作用热声发电系统串联在一起，采用同一路液化天然气及空气预热系统和燃烧系统，当低温天然气和高温烟气经过第一套利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统换热后，再流经第二套利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统换热，最后通过预热换热器，这样可以减少预热换热器中的流体温差，减少能量损失，更加充分的利用冷热温源，由于第二套利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统中的发动机回热器两端温差低于第一套利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统的发动机回热器两端温差，所以第二套利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统的发电量要小于第一套利用液化天然气燃烧的双作用热声发电系统。Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system (embodiment 5) utilizing liquefied natural gas combustion in the present invention; this embodiment is based on embodiment 1, and two sets of double-acting thermoacoustic power generation systems are connected in series At the same time, the same liquefied natural gas and air preheating system and combustion system are used. After the low-temperature natural gas and high-temperature flue gas pass through the first set of double-action thermoacoustic power generation systems that use liquefied natural gas for heat exchange, they flow through the second set of liquefied natural gas. The natural gas combustion double-action thermoacoustic power generation system exchanges heat, and finally passes through the preheating heat exchanger, which can reduce the fluid temperature difference in the preheating heat exchanger, reduce energy loss, and make more full use of cold and hot temperature sources. Due to the second set The temperature difference between the two ends of the engine regenerator in the double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system using liquefied natural gas combustion is lower than the temperature difference between the two ends of the engine regenerator in the first set of double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system using liquefied natural gas combustion, so the second set uses The LNG-fired double-acting thermoacoustic power generation system produces less electricity than the first double-acting LNG-fired thermoacoustic power system.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments Modifications are made to the recorded technical solutions, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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