CN207245777U - Co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle - Google Patents

Co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle Download PDF

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CN207245777U
CN207245777U CN201720851336.8U CN201720851336U CN207245777U CN 207245777 U CN207245777 U CN 207245777U CN 201720851336 U CN201720851336 U CN 201720851336U CN 207245777 U CN207245777 U CN 207245777U
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carbon dioxide
temperature side
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supercritical carbon
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郑开云
黄志强
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Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本实用新型提供了一种基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统,包括压缩机,压缩机出口连接回热器高压侧进口,回热器高压侧出口连接加热器进口,加热器出口连接透平进口,透平出口连接回热器低压侧进口,回热器低压侧出口连接余热回收器高温侧进口,余热回收器高温侧出口连接预冷器高温侧进口,预冷器高温侧出口连接压缩机进口;余热回收器低温侧连接热用户,预冷器低温侧连接冷却塔。透平出口设有旁路,排出的部分工质可直接进入余热回收器用于供热。本实用新型将超临界二氧化碳闭式循环用于分布式发电领域,提高了发电效率和能量利用率,循环排放的余热可用于供热、供暖或生活热水,且热电比例调整简便,适于大范围推广使用。

The utility model provides a cogeneration system based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle, including a compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure side of the regenerator, the outlet of the high-pressure side of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the heater, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the Turbine inlet and turbine outlet are connected to the low-pressure side inlet of the regenerator, the low-pressure side outlet of the regenerator is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the waste heat recovery device, the high-temperature side outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the precooler, and the high-temperature side outlet of the precooler is connected The inlet of the compressor; the low temperature side of the waste heat recovery unit is connected to the heat user, and the low temperature side of the precooler is connected to the cooling tower. The outlet of the turbine is provided with a bypass, and part of the discharged working fluid can directly enter the waste heat recovery device for heating. The utility model uses the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle in the field of distributed power generation, which improves the power generation efficiency and energy utilization rate, and the waste heat discharged by the cycle can be used for heating, heating or domestic hot water, and the thermoelectric ratio is easy to adjust, suitable for large Widespread use.

Description

基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统Cogeneration system based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及分布式发电技术领域,具体涉及一种基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of distributed power generation, in particular to a cogeneration system based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle.

背景技术Background technique

热电联产分布式发电是能源高效利用的理想途径,可实现高品质的电能与低品质热量需求的有机统一。基于化石能源的新型分布式发电系统多采用小型燃气轮机、内燃机作为原动机,并可提供排气余热用于工业生产,也可以用于生活供热,但仍有必要寻找其它形式的分布式发电系统。Cogeneration distributed power generation is an ideal way to efficiently utilize energy, which can realize the organic unity of high-quality electric energy and low-quality heat demand. New distributed power generation systems based on fossil energy mostly use small gas turbines and internal combustion engines as prime movers, and can provide exhaust waste heat for industrial production and domestic heating, but it is still necessary to find other forms of distributed power generation systems .

闭式循环用于热电联产分布式发电最早采用空气工质,这种类型的发电机组曾有几十年的良好运行业绩,但是在八十年代以后随着其它高效发电技术的快速发展而遭淘汰。由于超临界二氧化碳具有公认的高效率优势,近年来,以超临界二氧化碳作为工质的闭式循环系统成为行业研究热点,并且被认为具有诸多潜在优势和广泛用途,小容量超临界二氧化碳闭式循环系统有望作为分布式发电系统的可选动力装置。Closed cycle used for combined heat and power distributed power generation was the first to use air working medium. This type of generator set had good operating performance for decades, but suffered from the rapid development of other high-efficiency power generation technologies after the 1980s. disuse. Due to the recognized advantages of high efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide, in recent years, the closed cycle system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium has become a research hotspot in the industry, and is considered to have many potential advantages and wide applications. Small-capacity supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle The system is expected to be used as an optional power device for distributed power generation systems.

如何将超临界二氧化碳闭式循环用于分布式发电领域,以获得较高的能量利用率,是本领域技术人员致力于解决的难题。How to use the closed cycle of supercritical carbon dioxide in the field of distributed power generation to obtain a higher energy utilization rate is a difficult problem that those skilled in the art are committed to solving.

实用新型内容Utility model content

本实用新型要解决的技术问题是如何将超临界二氧化碳闭式循环用于分布式发电领域,以获得较高的能量利用率。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is how to use the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle in the field of distributed power generation to obtain a higher energy utilization rate.

为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型的技术方案是提供一种基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统,其特征在于:包括压缩机,压缩机出口连接回热器高压侧进口,回热器高压侧出口连接加热器进口,加热器出口连接透平进口,透平出口连接回热器低压侧进口,回热器低压侧出口连接余热回收器高温侧进口,余热回收器高温侧出口连接预冷器高温侧进口,预冷器高温侧出口连接压缩机进口;余热回收器低温侧连接热用户,预冷器低温侧连接冷却塔。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is to provide a cogeneration system based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle, which is characterized in that: it includes a compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure side of the regenerator, and the regenerator The outlet of the high pressure side of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the heater, the outlet of the heater is connected to the inlet of the turbine, the outlet of the turbine is connected to the inlet of the low pressure side of the regenerator, the outlet of the low pressure side of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side of the waste heat recovery device, and the outlet of the high temperature side of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the preheater The inlet on the high temperature side of the cooler, the outlet on the high temperature side of the precooler is connected to the compressor inlet; the low temperature side of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the heat user, and the low temperature side of the precooler is connected to the cooling tower.

优选地,所述透平与发电机相连。Preferably, the turbine is connected to a generator.

优选地,所述透平出口通过旁路连接余热回收器高温侧进口。Preferably, the turbine outlet is connected to the high temperature side inlet of the waste heat recovery device through a bypass.

优选地,所述旁路上设有旁路阀。Preferably, a bypass valve is provided on the bypass.

优选地,所述加热器设于锅炉内,用锅炉中燃料燃烧产生的热能作为热源。Preferably, the heater is arranged in the boiler, and the heat energy generated by fuel combustion in the boiler is used as a heat source.

优选地,所述锅炉的尾部烟道内设有空气预热器,空气预热器用锅炉的排烟预热送入锅炉的新空气。Preferably, an air preheater is provided in the tail flue of the boiler, and the air preheater uses the exhaust smoke of the boiler to preheat the new air sent into the boiler.

优选地,所述二氧化碳工质首先进入压缩机升压,然后经回热器吸收透平排出工质的热量,再经加热器进一步升温,然后进入透平做功发电;旁路阀关闭时,透平排出的二氧化碳工质经回热器释放部分热量,最后经余热回收器高温侧和预冷器高温侧冷却后进入压缩机,开始下一个循环过程;余热回收器低温侧吸收透平排气的热量送往热用户,预冷器低温侧进一步吸收透平排气的热量并通过冷却塔释放至环境。Preferably, the carbon dioxide working medium first enters the compressor to boost the pressure, then absorbs the heat of the working medium discharged from the turbine through the regenerator, and then heats up further through the heater, and then enters the turbine to generate power; when the bypass valve is closed, the turbine The carbon dioxide working medium discharged flatly releases part of the heat through the regenerator, and finally enters the compressor after being cooled by the high-temperature side of the waste heat recovery device and the high-temperature side of the pre-cooler, and starts the next cycle process; the low-temperature side of the waste heat recovery device absorbs the exhaust gas from the turbine The heat is sent to the heat user, and the low-temperature side of the precooler further absorbs the heat from the exhaust gas of the turbine and releases it to the environment through the cooling tower.

优选地,当供电需求下降但供热需求提高时,降低预冷器低温侧的冷却水流量,从而提高压缩机入口温度,这样预冷器高温侧的入口温度也提高,在二氧化碳工质流量不变的情况下,加热器总热功率下降,供电功率下降,供热功率提高,能量利用率提高。Preferably, when the demand for power supply decreases but the demand for heat supply increases, the cooling water flow rate at the low-temperature side of the precooler is reduced, thereby increasing the inlet temperature of the compressor, so that the inlet temperature at the high-temperature side of the precooler is also increased. In the case of changing, the total heating power of the heater decreases, the power supply power decreases, the heating power increases, and the energy utilization rate increases.

优选地,当供电功率不变,需要提高供热功率时,打开旁路阀,通过旁路将透平排出的部分二氧化碳工质直接送往余热回收器,此时加热器输入热功率上升。Preferably, when the power supply remains unchanged and the heating power needs to be increased, the bypass valve is opened, and part of the carbon dioxide working fluid discharged from the turbine is directly sent to the waste heat recovery device through the bypass, and the input heating power of the heater is increased at this time.

本实用新型提供的基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统将回热器低压侧出口排出的热量分为两段,高温段的热量送往热用户,低温段的热量释放至环境;透平出口设有旁路,排出的部分工质可直接进入余热回收器用于供热。The combined heat and power system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle provided by the utility model divides the heat discharged from the outlet of the low-pressure side of the regenerator into two sections, the heat of the high-temperature section is sent to the heat user, and the heat of the low-temperature section is released to the environment; The flat outlet is provided with a bypass, and part of the discharged working fluid can directly enter the waste heat recovery device for heating.

本实用新型将超临界二氧化碳闭式循环用于分布式发电领域,提高了发电效率和能量利用率,循环排放的余热可用于供热、供暖或生活热水,且热电比例调整简便,适于大范围推广使用。The utility model uses the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle in the field of distributed power generation, which improves the power generation efficiency and energy utilization rate, and the waste heat discharged by the cycle can be used for heating, heating or domestic hot water, and the thermoelectric ratio is easy to adjust, suitable for large Widespread use.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本实施例提供的基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of cogeneration system based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle provided by the present embodiment;

图中:In the picture:

1-压缩机,2-回热器,3-加热器,4-透平,5-发电机,6-余热回收器,7-预冷器,8-旁路阀,9-热用户,10-冷却塔,11-空气入口,12-空气预热器,13-锅炉,14-燃料入口,15-烟气出口。1-compressor, 2-regenerator, 3-heater, 4-turbine, 5-generator, 6-waste heat recovery device, 7-precooler, 8-bypass valve, 9-heat user, 10 - cooling tower, 11 - air inlet, 12 - air preheater, 13 - boiler, 14 - fuel inlet, 15 - flue gas outlet.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本实用新型。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本实用新型而不用于限制本实用新型的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本实用新型讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本实用新型作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the utility model. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the utility model, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the utility model, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the application.

图1为本实施例提供的基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统示意图,所述的基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统由压缩机1、回热器2、加热器3、透平4、发电机5、余热回收器6、预冷器7、旁路阀8、热用户9、冷却塔10、空气预热器12、锅炉13等组成。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the combined heat and power system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle provided by this embodiment, and the described combined heat and power system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle consists of a compressor 1, a regenerator 2, and a heater 3 , turbine 4, generator 5, waste heat recovery device 6, precooler 7, bypass valve 8, heat user 9, cooling tower 10, air preheater 12, boiler 13 and so on.

压缩机1,用于将二氧化碳工质增压至高压;Compressor 1, used to pressurize the carbon dioxide working medium to high pressure;

回热器2,具有高压侧进口、高压侧出口、低压侧进口、低压侧出口,压缩机1产生的高压二氧化碳工质经由高压侧进口进入后自高压侧出口输出至加热器3,同时,高压二氧化碳工质在回热器2被经由低压侧进口进入的二氧化碳工质加热;The regenerator 2 has a high-pressure side inlet, a high-pressure side outlet, a low-pressure side inlet, and a low-pressure side outlet. The high-pressure carbon dioxide working fluid generated by the compressor 1 enters through the high-pressure side inlet and is output to the heater 3 from the high-pressure side outlet. At the same time, the high-pressure The carbon dioxide working medium is heated in the regenerator 2 by the carbon dioxide working medium entering through the low-pressure side inlet;

加热器3,用于将二氧化碳工质加热至设定温度后,输出给透平4;The heater 3 is used to heat the carbon dioxide working fluid to the set temperature and output it to the turbine 4;

透平4,与发电机5相连,做功后排出的二氧化碳工质经由低压侧进口输入回热器2;The turbine 4 is connected to the generator 5, and the carbon dioxide working medium discharged after doing work is input into the regenerator 2 through the low-pressure side inlet;

发电机5,用于将透平4的轴功转变为电能;The generator 5 is used to convert the shaft work of the turbine 4 into electric energy;

余热回收器6,用于将回热器2低压侧出口排出的二氧化碳工质的一部分热量传递给热用户9;The waste heat recoverer 6 is used to transfer part of the heat of the carbon dioxide working fluid discharged from the outlet of the low-pressure side of the regenerator 2 to the heat user 9;

预冷器7,用于冷却二氧化碳工质至较低温度后输入压缩机1;Pre-cooler 7, used to cool the carbon dioxide working fluid to a lower temperature and then input it into compressor 1;

旁路阀8,用于旁路进入回热器2低压侧进口的二氧化碳工质,使其直接进入余热回收器6;The bypass valve 8 is used to bypass the carbon dioxide working fluid entering the inlet of the low-pressure side of the regenerator 2, so that it directly enters the waste heat recovery device 6;

冷却塔10,用于将来自预冷器7的热量释放至环境;a cooling tower 10 for releasing heat from the precooler 7 to the environment;

空气预热器12,设有空气入口11、烟气出口15,用锅炉13排烟预热送入锅炉13的新空气;The air preheater 12 is provided with an air inlet 11 and a flue gas outlet 15, and is used to preheat the new air sent into the boiler 13 by the exhaust smoke of the boiler 13;

锅炉13,作为加热器3热源,从燃料入口14输入的燃料(化石能源或生物质燃料)在锅炉13中燃烧产生高温热能输入至加热器3。The boiler 13 is used as the heat source of the heater 3 , and the fuel (fossil energy or biomass fuel) input from the fuel inlet 14 is burned in the boiler 13 to generate high-temperature heat energy, which is input to the heater 3 .

各个设备之间通过管道连接,根据系统控制需要,管道上可布置阀门、仪表。组成系统的其它部分还有辅助设施、电气系统、控制系统等。The various devices are connected by pipelines, and valves and instruments can be arranged on the pipelines according to the needs of system control. Other parts that make up the system include auxiliary facilities, electrical systems, control systems, etc.

本实施例提供的基于超临界二氧化碳闭式循环的热电联产系统使用时具体包括如下步骤:The combined heat and power system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle provided by this embodiment specifically includes the following steps when used:

二氧化碳工质首先进入压缩机1升至高压,经回热器2吸收透平4排出工质的热量,再经加热器3从热源吸收热量达到最高温度,然后进入透平4做功推动发电机5工作,透平4排出的工质经回热器2释放部分热量,最后经余热回收器6和预冷器7冷却后进入下一个循环过程。透平4与发电机5之间可通过齿轮变速箱减速,小功率发电机也可直接选用高速发电机,再通过变频装置将发电机输出电能转换成工频。余热回收器6吸收透平4排气的热量送往热用户9,预冷器7的热量释放至冷却塔10,透平4出口设旁路,打开旁路阀8将二氧化碳工质直接进入余热回收器6用于供热。锅炉13的高温排烟的热量通过空气预热器12传递给经空气入口11送入的新空气,从而降低烟气出口15的排烟温度,减少热损失。锅炉13的燃料可采用化石燃料或生物质燃料,由燃料入口14送入。The carbon dioxide working medium first enters the compressor 1 to rise to high pressure, absorbs the heat discharged from the turbine 4 through the regenerator 2, and then absorbs heat from the heat source through the heater 3 to reach the highest temperature, and then enters the turbine 4 to do work to drive the generator 5 Working, the working fluid discharged from the turbine 4 releases part of the heat through the regenerator 2, and finally enters the next cycle process after being cooled by the waste heat recovery device 6 and the precooler 7. The gear box can be used to reduce the speed between the turbine 4 and the generator 5, and the low-power generator can also directly use a high-speed generator, and then convert the output power of the generator into power frequency through a frequency conversion device. Waste heat recoverer 6 absorbs the heat exhausted by turbine 4 and sends it to heat user 9, the heat from pre-cooler 7 is released to cooling tower 10, a bypass is installed at the outlet of turbine 4, and the bypass valve 8 is opened to direct carbon dioxide working medium into the waste heat Recycler 6 is used for heating. The heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas from the boiler 13 is transferred to the fresh air sent through the air inlet 11 through the air preheater 12, thereby reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas at the flue gas outlet 15 and reducing heat loss. The fuel of the boiler 13 can be fossil fuel or biomass fuel, which is sent in through the fuel inlet 14 .

当供电需求下降但供热需求提高时,可以降低预冷器7冷却水流量,从而提高压缩机1入口温度,这样预冷器7入口温度也提高,在工质流量不变的情况下,加热器3总热功率下降,供电功率下降、供热功率提高,能量利用率提高。若供电功率不变,提高供热功率,则可通过旁路将透平4排出的部分工质直接送往余热回收器6,此时加热器3输入热功率上升。When the demand for power supply decreases but the demand for heat supply increases, the cooling water flow rate of the precooler 7 can be reduced, thereby increasing the inlet temperature of the compressor 1, so that the inlet temperature of the precooler 7 is also increased. The total heating power of the device 3 decreases, the power supply power decreases, the heating power increases, and the energy utilization rate increases. If the power supply remains unchanged and the heating power is increased, part of the working fluid discharged from the turbine 4 can be directly sent to the waste heat recovery device 6 through a bypass, and the input heating power of the heater 3 increases at this time.

本热电联产系统的容量为1MWe~100MWe,其循环排放的余热可用于供热、供暖或生活热水,所以非常适合工业区或居民区的供电、供热。The capacity of this combined heat and power system is 1MWe~100MWe, and the waste heat discharged by circulation can be used for heating, heating or domestic hot water, so it is very suitable for power supply and heating in industrial areas or residential areas.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle, it is characterised in that:Including compressor (1), Compressor (1) outlet connection regenerator (2) high pressure side-entrance, regenerator (2) high pressure side outlet connection heater (3) import, adds Hot device (3) outlet connection turbine (4) import, turbine (4) outlet connection regenerator (2) low pressure side-entrance, regenerator (2) low-pressure side Outlet connection waste-heat recoverer (6) high temperature side-entrance, waste-heat recoverer (6) high temperature side outlet connect forecooler (7) high temperature side into Mouthful, forecooler (7) high temperature side outlet connect compressor (1) import;Waste-heat recoverer (6) low temperature side connection heat user (9), precooling Device (7) low temperature side connection cooling tower (10).
  2. 2. a kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle as claimed in claim 1, its feature exist In:The turbine (4) is connected with generator (5).
  3. 3. a kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle as claimed in claim 1, its feature exist In:Turbine (4) outlet is by bypassing connection waste-heat recoverer (6) high temperature side-entrance.
  4. 4. a kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle as claimed in claim 3, its feature exist In:The bypass is equipped with bypass valve (8).
  5. 5. a kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle as claimed in claim 1, its feature exist In:The heater (3) is arranged in boiler (13).
  6. 6. a kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle as claimed in claim 5, its feature exist In:The new air for being used for that boiler (13) to be sent into using the smoke evacuation preheating of boiler (13) is equipped with the back-end ductwork of the boiler (13) Air preheater (12).
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107387178A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-11-24 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 A kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle
CN110905611A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-24 中南大学 Combined supply system based on organic Rankine cycle and supercritical carbon dioxide cycle

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107387178A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-11-24 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 A kind of co-generation unit based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle
CN110905611A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-24 中南大学 Combined supply system based on organic Rankine cycle and supercritical carbon dioxide cycle

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