WO2019011309A1 - Heat-transfer and heat-storage separation method and system for solar photothermal utilization - Google Patents

Heat-transfer and heat-storage separation method and system for solar photothermal utilization Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019011309A1
WO2019011309A1 PCT/CN2018/095550 CN2018095550W WO2019011309A1 WO 2019011309 A1 WO2019011309 A1 WO 2019011309A1 CN 2018095550 W CN2018095550 W CN 2018095550W WO 2019011309 A1 WO2019011309 A1 WO 2019011309A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
heat transfer
transfer medium
solar
power generation
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PCT/CN2018/095550
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈义龙
张亮
殷占民
Original Assignee
武汉丰盈长江生态科技研究总院有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201710576956.XA external-priority patent/CN107388598A/en
Priority claimed from CN201710575443.7A external-priority patent/CN107191341A/en
Priority claimed from CN201710576957.4A external-priority patent/CN107449026A/en
Priority claimed from CN201710576955.5A external-priority patent/CN107401488A/en
Priority claimed from CN201710576954.0A external-priority patent/CN107191342A/en
Application filed by 武汉丰盈长江生态科技研究总院有限公司 filed Critical 武汉丰盈长江生态科技研究总院有限公司
Publication of WO2019011309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019011309A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar thermal utilization technology, in particular to a heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar thermal utilization method and system.
  • Solar thermal utilization refers to the collection of thermal energy from solar radiation for power generation, refrigeration, heating and heating, and thermochemical hydrogen production to achieve solar thermal utilization. The following is a brief description of the current status of solar thermal utilization using solar thermal power generation as an example.
  • Solar thermal power generation also known as Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a method of focusing solar light directly through a large number of mirrors, heating the working medium, generating high temperature and high pressure steam, and driving the steam turbine by steam. Power generation.
  • solar thermal power generation is mainly divided into: solar trough power generation, solar tower thermal power generation, and solar disc thermal power generation.
  • the trough system uses a parabolic trough mirror to focus sunlight onto a tubular receiver, and heats the heat transfer medium inside the tube to generate steam, which drives conventional steam turbines to generate electricity.
  • the tower system utilizes a plurality of heliostats to reflect solar heat radiation onto a high temperature collector placed on top of the high tower, heating the working medium to generate superheated steam, or directly heating the water in the collector to generate superheated steam.
  • the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity.
  • the dish system uses a curved concentrating mirror to concentrate the incident sunlight at the focus, heat the heat absorbing medium at the focus, drive the heat engine, and realize photoelectric conversion.
  • Solar thermal power generation generally uses molten salt, heat transfer oil or air as a heat transfer medium.
  • the molten salt is usually composed of a mixture such as potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sodium chloride, and is characterized by low cost and good heat conduction performance, and can be stored in a large container under normal pressure while storing heat as an energy storage medium.
  • the molten salt has a relatively high freezing point (120-240 ° C)
  • the pipe flowing through needs to be preheated at the start of the system, thereby causing additional energy consumption; in addition, the molten salt material is resistant to corrosion of the pipe. High requirements for sex, which will increase the cost of using the pipe.
  • heat transfer oil When heat transfer oil is used as the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer oil absorbs the solar heat energy and then transports it to the subsequent system for utilization; when heat storage, the heat transfer oil is simultaneously stored as a heat storage medium in one or more heat transfer oil tanks, when needed When hot, the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the heat transfer oil tank is directly transferred to the subsequent system for utilization.
  • the current operating temperature of the heat transfer oil must be controlled at about 400 degrees Celsius. Exceeding this temperature will cause problems such as cracking of the heat transfer oil, increase in viscosity, and reduction in heat transfer efficiency, thereby limiting the operating temperature and power generation efficiency of the solar thermal power generation device.
  • the hot air is used as the heat transfer medium.
  • the low-pressure air is first heated in the solar absorber, and then sent to the heat recovery steam generation system (HRSG) to heat the water to generate steam, and then the steam is sent. Work on the steam turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity.
  • HRSG heat recovery steam generation system
  • the disadvantage of this scheme is that the low-pressure air has a relatively small heat capacity and a low convective heat transfer coefficient, so that the air carrying heat in the pipeline is poor, the air flow rate is too high, and the overall pipeline pressure loss is relatively large.
  • the heat collected by the solar collector is both intermittent and unstable.
  • fossil fuel generators can be added to the power generation system to supplement the power generation by fossil fuel generators when the sunlight is unstable.
  • the existing heat storage system generally uses heat transfer medium such as molten salt or heat transfer oil to store heat in the storage tank; since the heat transfer medium has low heat capacity and poor heat storage capacity, this method is not applicable to Gas heat transfer medium.
  • the daylighting plate/heat collector that normally receives sunlight adopts a modular layout.
  • the heat transfer medium is brought into the pipeline system. Unbalanced resistance leads to problems of bias and current interruption. Due to the poor heat transfer capacity of the gas working fluid, the high flow rate, and the long length of the heat collecting pipeline, the above problems are particularly prominent in the trough solar collector field using air as the heat transfer medium, which seriously affects the solar collector field. Stable operation and heat transfer efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat and heat storage and separation solar energy heat utilization method and system with high annual utilization hours and high efficiency and diversification of the system.
  • the heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar photothermal utilization method provided by the present invention is applied to a solar thermal utilization system including a solar heat collecting field, a heat storage and heat release system, and a thermal energy utilization system, and includes the following steps.
  • the solar collector field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat energy utilization system for utilization and/or transported to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage; 2) simultaneously transferring the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system to the heat energy utilization system, or separately radiating the heat storage heat release system The obtained high-temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat energy utilization system for use; 3) the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by releasing the heat energy in the heat energy utilization system of the high-temperature heat transfer medium returns to the solar heat collecting field to collect heat and/or return heat storage again.
  • the heat release system performs heat transfer again; the heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar light heat utilization is realized by the above method.
  • the flow direction of the heat transfer medium when the heat storage and heat release system performs heat storage is opposite to the flow direction of the heat transfer medium when the heat is released, and the opposite flow direction is favorable for heat storage and heat utilization.
  • the heat transfer medium flows from the top to the bottom through the energy storage medium; when the heat storage and heat release system performs heat release, the heat transfer medium flows from the bottom to the top through the energy storage medium.
  • the density is generally higher under the premise of constant pressure.
  • the heat transfer medium when the heat is stored, the heat transfer medium has a high density at the upper portion and a low density at the lower portion, which is favorable for heat transfer.
  • the medium flows from top to bottom; on the contrary, when the heat is released, the heat transfer medium has a high density at the upper portion and a low density at the lower portion, which is favorable for the bottom-up flow of the heat transfer medium.
  • the heat storage and heat release system is provided with a plurality of filler partitions.
  • the heat transfer medium stores heat through the partitions at the same time or sequentially; when the heat is released, the heat transfer medium is partitioned simultaneously or Heat is obtained through each filler zone.
  • the heat transfer medium enters from one end and flows out from the other end, and the temperature gradually decreases along the flow direction when the heat is stored.
  • the heat storage material heated first heats up quickly, and the heat storage material heated later heats up slowly;
  • the temperature of the first heat-dissipating heat storage material is lowered rapidly, and the heat-dissipating heat-dissipating material is slowed down slowly, thereby causing problems such as a low total heat storage and heat release of the heat storage system and a decrease in heat transfer efficiency.
  • a plurality of partition heat exchange modes can be flexibly implemented, for example, sequentially entering from different partitions and flowing out from the last partition; and simultaneously flowing from odd-numbered partitions into even-numbered partitions (ie, From the first partition, the second partition, at the same time from the third partition into the fourth partition), or from the even partition into the odd partition, or as from the end of each partition, from the other end of the same partition Outflow, and so on.
  • the optimal partition heat transfer mode can be selected according to the actual situation to achieve the best heat storage and heat release effect.
  • the heat storage and heat release system comprises a heat storage tank body, and the heat storage tank body is divided into a top filler zone, one or more intermediate filler zones, and an underfill material which are sequentially connected according to the position of filling the energy storage medium.
  • the heat storage and heat release system performs heat storage, the high-temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field first enters from the top of the heat storage tank body, and sequentially passes through the top packing area, each intermediate packing area and the bottom packing area.
  • the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat transfer cooling returns from the bottom of the heat storage tank body to the solar heat collecting field; when the temperature of the top packing area rises to a set value, the high-temperature heat transfer medium is switched from below the top packing area.
  • the first intermediate packing zone enters, passes through the first intermediate packing zone and the intermediate packing zone and the bottom packing zone below the same, and the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange cooling flows out from the bottom of the heat storage tank body and returns a solar heat collecting field; when the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone rises to a set value, the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone, and sequentially passes through the second intermediate filling
  • the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and cooling is returned from the bottom of the heat storage tank body to the solar heat collecting field after the intermediate packing area and the bottom packing area under the zone and the bottom packing zone; and so on, until the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to Entering from the lowermost intermediate packing zone, flowing out from the bottom packing zone, and raising the temperature of the bottom packing zone to a set value, completing the heat storage of the heat storage tank body, and obtaining the low temperature heat transfer medium through heat exchange cooling
  • the bottom of the heat storage tank flows out and returns to the solar heat collecting field.
  • the scheme adopts
  • the low temperature heat transfer medium from the heat energy utilization system first enters from the bottom of the heat storage tank body, and sequentially passes through the bottom packing area, each intermediate packing area and the top packing area.
  • the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat exchange temperature rises out from the top of the heat storage tank body and enters the heat energy utilization system; when the temperature of the bottom packing area decreases to a set value, the low-temperature heat transfer medium switches to the first from the bottom packing area.
  • An intermediate packing zone enters, sequentially passes through the first intermediate packing zone and each of the intermediate packing zone and the top packing zone above, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heating flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body and enters thermal energy utilization.
  • a system when the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone is lowered to a set value, the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone, sequentially passing through the second intermediate packing zone and each intermediate packing zone above and In the top packing zone, the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heating flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body and enters the heat energy utilization system; and so on, until the low-temperature heat transfer medium is cut.
  • the scheme adopts a layer-by-layer heat release method, which effectively improves the heat release efficiency of the heat storage and heat release system, and realizes the speed and effect of the system response to different load changes.
  • the invention also provides a heat and heat storage and separation type solar thermal energy utilization system capable of realizing the foregoing method, comprising a solar heat collecting field, a heat storage and heat release system, a thermal energy utilization system, a first pressing device and a second pressing device.
  • the solar collector field comprises a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube as an input end of the low temperature heat transfer medium and a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube as an output end of the high temperature heat transfer medium; the heat storage heat release system and the heat energy utilization system are arranged in parallel Between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube; the heat storage heat release system includes a heat storage tank body, and the heat storage tank body is divided into successively connected according to different positions of filling the energy storage medium a top packing zone, more than one intermediate packing zone, and an underfill zone; wherein the top packing zone is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe through a top switching valve, and the bottom packing zone is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe through a bottom switching valve, each The intermediate packing zone is connected to the intermediate zone connecting pipe through its corresponding intermediate switching valve; one end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe is switched by the intermediate zone high temperature Connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium main pipe, the other end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium
  • the solar heat collecting field comprises a plurality of solar heat collectors arranged in a longitudinal and lateral array, and each of the solar heat collectors in each longitudinal column shares a heat collecting tube which is connected in series through the series, and the input of each heat collecting tube The end is connected with the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the output end of each heat collecting tube is connected with the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube; the adjacent two heat collecting tubes are transversely penetrated through a plurality of spaced distribution boxes.
  • the scheme adopts a distributed header to solve the problem of bias and disconnection caused by the imbalance of resistance of the gas heat transfer medium in the complicated pipeline system. After the heat transfer medium enters the distribution header, the original straight flow direction is changed, and the transmission is realized.
  • the cross flow direction of the heat medium between the heat transfer units makes the overall solar heat collecting field tend to be evenly heated. Further, pressure control valves are respectively disposed on the respective heat collecting tubes to adjust the flow distribution of the solar heat collecting field in real time to realize the overall system. Stable and reliable operation.
  • the heat collecting tube is preferably a heat collecting tube with inner fins or inner expanded ribs.
  • the inner fins may be straight ribs, triangular ribs, annular ribs, etc.; or may be an equivalent transformation of a prefabricated fin-shaped metal grid ferrule in the heat collecting tube.
  • the heat collecting pipe with the inner fin or the inner expanded rib has a larger heat transfer area, improves the heat transfer efficiency, and realizes passive enhanced heat transfer.
  • the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field is a pressurized gas medium
  • the pressurized gas medium includes one or more of air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, and water vapor
  • the circulation pressure of the pressurized gas medium is not less than 0.1 MPa, preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 3 MPa.
  • gas as the heat transfer medium of the whole system it has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, no corrosion, low cost, safety, non-toxicity and simple acquisition, which can greatly reduce the system construction cost and operation and maintenance cost.
  • the subsequent thermal power generation system can realize diversified system utilization.
  • the system configuration is flexible, versatile, can be combined with cold, heat and power triple supply, to achieve a distributed energy system.
  • the pressure of the gas heat transfer medium can increase the density, improve the ability of the gas to carry heat and heat transfer efficiency.
  • the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; the particle size of the solid particles may be selected from 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 mm, preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, and the solid particles can be combined with the gas in the preferred particle size range.
  • the medium forms a relatively stable gas-solid mixture, which is beneficial for long-distance transportation, which can significantly reduce particle deposition, reduce pressure loss and wear on the piping system, especially trough solar collectors with long collector tubes, using smaller particles.
  • the path is more favorable.
  • the solid fine particles are non-phase-change fine particles composed of a phase change-free material, or phase change capsule fine particles in which a capsule outer shell is composed of a solid heat conductive material and a capsule filler is composed of a phase change material.
  • the non-phase-change particles are preferably factory dust, such as power plant boiler fly ash captured by a dust removal system, to achieve waste utilization of dust. In the heat transfer process, the addition of solid particles increases the heat transfer efficiency of the gaseous medium.
  • the capsule particles containing the phase change material When the capsule particles containing the phase change material are used, the capsule particles undergo a phase change process when subjected to heat and cold, and the phase change material therein actively releases the heat transfer coefficient by phase change release or absorbs heat energy, thereby reducing the heat transfer area. Reduce system pipe size and subsequent boiler heat exchange equipment size, reduce investment costs.
  • the combination of active and passive enhanced heat transfer is realized, and the flow heat transfer coefficient of the gas heat transfer medium in the heat collecting tube is greatly improved, so that the diameter of the heat collecting tube is small.
  • the change is not large, it can ensure sufficient heat transfer efficiency under the condition of gas economic flow rate, reduce system resistance and pipeline wear, and thus greatly reduce system cost.
  • the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field may also be a liquid heat transfer medium, and the liquid heat transfer medium includes one or more of heat transfer oil, water, and ammonia water.
  • the energy storage medium is a high specific heat solid material or a phase change heat storage material, and the shape thereof may be a spherical shape, a column shape, a mesh shape, a rhombus shape, or an irregular shape, and the like is stacked in the heat storage device to form a porous structure.
  • the high specific heat solid material is one or more of quartz sand, iron sand, cast iron, iron ore, pebbles;
  • the phase change heat storage material comprises a shell composed of a solid heat conductive material and is encapsulated in the outer shell. A phase change material filler inside.
  • the energy storage medium is a liquid phase heat storage material (for example, a molten salt); the heat transfer medium stores thermal energy into the liquid storage material by indirect heat exchange or obtains from the liquid storage material. Thermal energy.
  • a liquid phase heat storage material for example, a molten salt
  • the thermal energy utilization system is one or more of a power generation system, a refrigeration system, and a heating system that can utilize thermal energy.
  • the present invention provides several more specific methods and systems for scenarios such as heating and power generation.
  • the present invention first provides a solar heating method.
  • a user heating system is used as a thermal energy utilization system, and the obtained heat is used for heating.
  • the method preferably includes the following steps:
  • the solar collector field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the user heating system for heating and/or transported to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage. ;
  • the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the high-temperature heat transfer medium after the heat exchange between the heating system and the cold water releases heat energy, returns to the solar heat collecting field, and collects heat again and/or returns to the heat storage and heat release system to heat up again, and the cold water passes through the heat exchange.
  • the hot water obtained after the temperature rise is delivered to the user.
  • the present invention further provides a solar heating system in which a user heating system is employed as a thermal energy utilization system based on the aforementioned solar thermal utilization system.
  • the user heating system has a heating heat exchanger, and a heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and a heat source output end of the heating heat exchanger and a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube Connected, the cold water input end of the heating heat exchanger is connected to a user cold water pipe system, and the hot water output end of the heating heat exchanger is connected to a user warm water pipe system; the user heating system further has an auxiliary heating boiler, The heat transfer medium inlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe, and the heat transfer medium outlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger.
  • the invention can realize all-weather heating in winter by the above-mentioned solar photothermal utilization method and system: when the solar heat energy is sufficient, the heat storage medium circulates and efficiently stores heat; when the solar heat energy is insufficient, the heat transfer medium circulates to efficiently radiate heat. Heating; in the winter with rain and snow, if the solar collector and heat storage and heat release system can not meet the heating needs, it can also be heated by supplementing the fuel combustion heating medium to the auxiliary heating boiler to ensure all-weather heating in winter.
  • the present invention firstly provides a solar steam power generation method.
  • a steam power generation system is used as a heat energy utilization system, and the obtained heat is used to generate steam for power generation.
  • the method preferably includes the following steps:
  • the solar collector field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the steam power generation system for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage;
  • the steam power generation system uses a high temperature heat transfer medium to heat the production steam to generate electricity;
  • the heat transfer medium is a pressurized gas medium
  • the pressurized gas medium includes air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, water.
  • the circulation pressure of the pressurized gas medium is preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 3 MPa.
  • Gas is used as the heat transfer medium.
  • the gas heat transfer medium can increase the density by the belt pressure, thereby improving the heat carrying capacity and heat transfer efficiency of the gas; on the other hand, it has high temperature resistance, no corrosion, low cost, safety, non-toxicity and simple acquisition. The characteristics can greatly reduce system construction costs and operation and maintenance costs.
  • the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; the solid particles are non-phase-change particles composed of a phase change-free material, or a capsule shell composed of a solid heat conductive material, and a capsule filled with a phase change material. Phase change capsule particles.
  • the present invention further provides a solar steam power generation system in which a steam power generation system is employed as a heat energy utilization system based on the aforementioned solar light heat utilization system.
  • the steam power generation system comprises a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a generator, a condensing device and an oxygen scavenging regenerator;
  • the heating side input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium main pipe, and the waste heat boiler is heated
  • the side output end is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube;
  • the water side input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to the feed water output end of the deaeration regenerator through a water pump, and the water side output end of the waste heat boiler and the boiler steam input of the steam turbine Connected to the end;
  • the exhaust steam output end of the steam turbine is connected to the hot side input end of the condensing device, and the pumping output end of the steam turbine is connected to the pumping input end of the deaerating regenerator, and the power output shaft of the steam turbine is
  • the generator is connected;
  • the hot side output end of the condensing device is connected to the return water input port of the deaeration regenerator;
  • the steam power generation system further comprises a reheater, the heating side input end of the reheater is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the heating side output end of the reheater is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother a steam side input of the reheater is coupled to a reheat steam output of the steam turbine, the steam side output of the reheater being coupled to a reheat steam input of the steam turbine.
  • the present invention firstly provides a solar heat engine power generation method.
  • a heat engine power generation system is used as a heat energy utilization system, and the heat engine power generation system expands by high temperature heat transfer medium to perform power generation.
  • the heat transfer medium is a pressurized gas medium having a circulation pressure of not less than 0.1 MPa, and the gas medium includes one or more of air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, and water vapor.
  • the circulation pressure of the pressurized gas medium is preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 3 MPa.
  • gas as a heat transfer medium has the following advantages: First, compared with the use of boiler heat exchange to produce steam for Rankine cycle power generation, the high-temperature heat transfer medium is directly sent to the thermal expander of the heat engine power generation system to expand work to generate electricity, which can simplify the system. The process reduces the overall system investment. Secondly, the gas heat transfer medium can increase the density by the pressure, improve the heat carrying capacity of the gas and the heat transfer efficiency. Finally, the gas heat transfer medium has high temperature resistance, no corrosion, and is cheap, safe and non-toxic. Obtaining simple features can significantly reduce system construction costs and operation and maintenance costs.
  • the method preferably includes the following steps:
  • the solar heat collecting field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat engine power generation system for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage;
  • the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles;
  • the solid particles are non-phase-change particles composed of a phase change-free material, or a capsule shell composed of a solid heat conductive material, and a capsule filled with a phase change material.
  • Phase change capsule particles; the heat engine power generation system performs the following process: firstly, the solid particles in the high temperature gas medium mixed with the solid particles exceed the heat source expansion requirements (depending on the specific thermal expander) When it comes out, the clean gas medium is sent to a thermal expander for expansion work to generate electricity, and then the clean gas medium after work is mixed with the filtered solid particles to obtain a low-temperature gas medium mixed with solid particles.
  • the addition of solid particles can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the gas heat transfer medium, but the particles with larger particle size will cause the wear of the thermal expander. Therefore, the high temperature gas heat transfer medium needs to be filtered before entering the thermal expander, and then filtered after the work is completed.
  • the resulting heat transfer medium is mixed to obtain a low temperature gaseous medium mixed with solid particles, which is sent to a solar heat collecting field and/or a heat storage and heat release system for heating.
  • the solution adopts a particulate filter and a jet ejector to separate and mix the solid particles in the gas medium under the fully enclosed condition, and finally achieves the purpose of enhancing the heat transfer and heat energy transfer by the closed cycle of the solid particulate gas medium.
  • the present invention provides a solar thermal power generation system.
  • a thermal power generation system is used as a thermal energy utilization system, and a high temperature heat transfer medium is used for expansion to perform power generation.
  • the heat engine power generation system has a thermal expander, a generator coupled with the thermal expander, and a residual heat exchanger associated with the thermal expander, the heat source input end of the thermal expander being connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, the thermal expansion
  • the heat source output end of the machine is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the cold water input end of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the user cold water pipe system
  • the hot water output end of the residual heat exchanger is connected to a user warm water pipe system;
  • the heat engine power generation system further has an auxiliary heating boiler, and the heat transfer medium inlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe.
  • the heat transfer medium outlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander.
  • the heat engine power generation system further has a particulate filter and a jet ejector; the mixed medium input end of the particulate filter is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the clean medium output end of the particulate filter and thermal expansion
  • the heat source input end of the machine is connected, and the first heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the clean medium input end of the jet ejector; the solid heat output end of the particulate filter and the second heat transfer of the residual heat exchanger
  • the medium inlets are connected, and the second heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the solid particle input end of the jet ejector, and the mixed medium output end of the jet ejector is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium.
  • a double-loop system using heat and heat storage separation using a heat transfer medium to absorb solar energy in a solar heat collecting field, and heat exchange in the heat storage and heat release system through the energy storage medium and the heat transfer medium to store or release Thermal energy.
  • the energy storage medium only performs heat storage and heat release, and does not perform cyclic heat transfer;
  • the heat transfer medium only performs cyclic heat transfer, does not perform heat storage and heat release, and the energy storage medium and the heat transfer medium are separated and operated. Therefore, energy storage and heat transfer can use high-efficiency energy storage medium and high-efficiency heat transfer medium respectively, which has the advantages of high efficiency and reliability of heat storage and heat release process.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar thermal utilization system provided by the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar thermal utilization system provided in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat collecting tube of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the judgment flow of the heat and heat storage and heat separation type solar photothermal utilization method provided in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 4.
  • Embodiment 8 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 5.
  • the solar heat collecting field 100 includes: a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101, a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, a spare bypass tube 103, a distribution header 104, a solar heat collector 105, a heat collecting tube 106, a pressure control valve 107, and a a standby switching valve 108, a second standby switching valve 109, a glass sleeve 110, a metal inner tube 111, an inner fin 112;
  • the heat storage heat release system 200 includes: a heat storage tank body 201, an intermediate switching valve 202 (including 202a, 202b, 202c), a top switching valve 203, a bottom switching valve 204, an intermediate zone high temperature switching valve 205, and a middle zone low temperature switching valve. 206, intermediate zone connecting pipe 207, heat storage input valve 208, heat collecting return valve 209, heat utilization input valve 210, top packing zone 211, intermediate packing zone 212 (including 212a, 212b, 212c), bottom packing zone 213;
  • the thermal energy utilization system 300 is divided into three categories:
  • User heating system A300 including user cold water pipe system A303, user warm water pipe system A304, gas supplement inlet A308, boiler fuel inlet A309, auxiliary heating boiler A312, heating heat exchanger A313, heat transfer medium inlet pipe A320, heat transfer Medium outlet pipe A321;
  • Steam power generation system B300 including waste heat boiler B301, reheater B302, steam turbine B303, condensing unit B304, deaerator regenerator B305, water pump B306, generator B307, gas supplement inlet B308, boiler fuel inlet B309, boiler hydration Moutine B310
  • Thermal machine power generation system C300 including particulate filter C301, jet ejector C302, user cold water pipe system C303, user warm water pipe system C304, generator C307, gas supplement inlet C308, boiler fuel inlet C309, thermal expander C311, auxiliary Heating boiler C312, residual heat exchanger C313, heat transfer medium inlet pipe C320, heat transfer medium outlet pipe C321
  • First pressing device 400 and second pressing device 500 are identical to First pressing device 400 and second pressing device 500
  • the heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system includes a solar heat collecting field 100, a heat storage and heat release system 200, a thermal energy utilization system 300, and a first pressing device. 400 and a second pressurizing device 500.
  • the solar collector field 100 includes a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101 as an input end of a low temperature heat transfer medium and a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102 as an output end of a high temperature heat transfer medium.
  • the heat storage exothermic system 200 and the thermal energy utilization system 300 are arranged in parallel between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101 and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102.
  • the solar collector field 100 includes a plurality of solar collectors 105 arranged in a longitudinal and lateral array, each of the solar collectors 105 in each longitudinal column sharing a heat collecting tube 106 connected in series, and the input of each collecting tube 106 The ends are connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101, and the output ends of the respective heat collecting tubes 106 are connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102.
  • the two adjacent heat collecting tubes 106 are laterally penetrated through a plurality of spaced distribution boxes 104.
  • a backup bypass pipe 103 is disposed between the low temperature heat transfer medium input end of the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high temperature heat transfer medium output end, and a first standby switching valve 108, a second standby switching valve 109, and a spare bypass pipe 103 are disposed thereon.
  • Each of the heat collecting tubes 106 is respectively provided with a pressure control valve 107 to adjust the flow distribution of the entire system in real time, so as to achieve stable and reliable operation of the overall system.
  • the solar collectors 100 are arranged in parallel in the same program to reduce the pressure drop of the heat transfer medium in the circulation system.
  • the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field 100 is a pressurized gas medium in which solid particles are mixed, and the solid particles are phase change capsule particles composed of a solid heat conductive material and a capsule filler composed of a phase change material.
  • the heat collecting tube 106 includes a glass sleeve 110 and a metal inner tube 111.
  • the inner wall of the metal inner tube 111 is provided with inner fins 112.
  • the heat storage and heat release system 200 includes at least one heat storage tank. When multiple heat storage tanks are used, the heat storage tanks can be combined in series and parallel, and each of the heat storage tanks is separately stored and heat-dissipated by the method provided in this embodiment. .
  • the heat storage tank includes a heat storage tank body 201.
  • the inner chamber of the heat storage tank body 201 is divided into a top filler zone 211 and an intermediate filler zone 212 (including 212a, 212b and 212c) which are sequentially connected according to the position of filling the energy storage medium. And an underfill region 213.
  • the top packing zone 211 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102 through the top switching valve 203, and the bottom packing zone 213 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101 through the bottom switching valve 204, and each intermediate packing zone 212 passes through each intermediate portion corresponding thereto.
  • the switching valve 202 (including 202a, 202b, 202c) is coupled to the intermediate zone connection tube 207.
  • One end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe 207 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102 through the intermediate zone high temperature switching valve 205, and the other end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe 207 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101 through the intermediate zone low temperature switching valve 206.
  • the energy storage medium is a high specific heat solid material or a phase change heat storage material, and is accumulated in the heat storage device 201 to form a porous structure.
  • the high specific heat solid material may be one or more of quartz sand, iron sand, cast iron, iron ore, and pebbles.
  • the phase change heat storage material comprises an outer casing composed of a solid heat conductive material and a phase change material filler encapsulated in the outer casing.
  • the first pressurizing means 400 and the heat collecting return valve 209 are disposed on the pipe section between the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe 101 corresponding to the heat storage heat release system 200 and the solar heat collecting field 100.
  • the second pressurizing device 500 is disposed on the pipe section between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101 corresponding to the heat storage heat release system 200 and the heat energy utilization system 300.
  • the heat storage input valve 208 and the heat utilization input valve 210 are respectively disposed between the solar heat collecting medium 100 and the heat storage and heat release system 200, the heat storage heat release system 200 and the heat energy utilization system 300.
  • the heat collection return valve 209, the heat storage input valve 208, and the heat utilization input valve 210 are switched as needed according to the flow.
  • the outer surface of the heat storage tank and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102 is wrapped with a high heat insulating material to reduce heat loss.
  • this embodiment simultaneously provides a method for performing solar thermal utilization using the solar thermal utilization system described above, including the following steps:
  • the solar collector field 100 absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the resulting high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization and/or transport to the heat storage and heat release system 200 for heat exchange with the energy storage medium for storage. heat.
  • the temperature of the low temperature heat transfer medium entering the solar heat collecting field 100 is 150 ° C ⁇ 350 ° C
  • the temperature of the high temperature heat transfer medium flowing out of the solar heat collecting field 100 is 200 ° C ⁇ 800 ° C
  • the heat transfer medium system circulating pressure is 0.1 Mpa ⁇ 3 MPa.
  • the method selects heat storage, heat release, or heat utilization according to the following judgment strategy:
  • the heat collection amount of the solar thermal collection field 100 is compared with the thermal energy requirement of the thermal energy utilization system 300, and according to the comparison result, 4), 5) or 6) .
  • the portion of the high-temperature heat transfer medium output by the solar heat collecting field 100 that satisfies the demand of the thermal energy utilization system 300 is transferred to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization, and the excess portion is sent to the heat storage and heat release system. 200 for heat storage.
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field 100 is all input to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization.
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange of the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heating the solar heat collecting field 100 and the heat storage heat release system 200 is simultaneously input to the heat energy utilization system 300 for use.
  • the specific operation steps of the heat storage and heat release system 200 for heat storage and heat release are as follows:
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field 100 first enters from the top of the heat storage tank body 201, and sequentially passes through the top packing area 211, the intermediate packing areas 212a to 212c, and the underfill. In the region 213, the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat exchange cooling is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage tank 201 and returned to the solar heat collecting field 100.
  • the temperature of the top packing zone 211 rises to a set value
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the first intermediate packing zone 212a below the top packing zone 211, passing through the intermediate packing zone 212a, the intermediate packing zone 212b, and the intermediate packing in sequence.
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone 212b, sequentially passing through the intermediate packing zone 212b, the intermediate packing zone 212c and the bottom packing zone 213, through heat exchange.
  • the cooled low temperature heat transfer medium flows out from the bottom of the heat storage tank 201 and returns to the solar heat collecting field 100.
  • the low temperature heat transfer medium from the thermal energy utilization system 300 first enters from the bottom of the thermal storage tank 201, passing through the bottom packing zone 213, the intermediate packing zones 212c, 212b, 212c and the top in sequence.
  • the filler zone 211, the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300.
  • the temperature of the bottom packing zone 213 is lowered to a set value
  • the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the first intermediate packing zone 212c above the bottom packing zone 213, sequentially passing through the intermediate packing zone 212c, the intermediate packing zone 212b, and the intermediate packing zone.
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300.
  • the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone 212b, passing through the intermediate packing zone 212b, the intermediate packing zone 212a and the top packing zone 211, respectively.
  • the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300.
  • auxiliary fuel combustion may be further utilized to provide thermal energy to meet the needs of the thermal energy utilization system 300.
  • a trough solar power generation system is taken as an example, and the processes thereof include, but are not limited to, adopting other similar solar power generation systems such as a trough type, a tower type, and a dish type.
  • the thermal energy utilization system 300 is specifically a user heating system A300, and a solar heating system and method are given. in particular:
  • the user heating system A300 includes a heating heat exchanger A313 and an auxiliary heating boiler A312.
  • the heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger A313 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, and the heat source output end of the heating heat exchanger A313 and the low temperature heat transfer medium mother
  • the tube 101 is connected, the cold water input end of the heating heat exchanger A313 is connected to the user cold water pipe system A303, the hot water output end of the heating heat exchanger A313 is connected to the user warm water pipe system A304, and the auxiliary heating boiler A312 is provided with a boiler for refueling.
  • the fuel inlet A309, the heat transfer medium inlet pipe A320 of the auxiliary heating boiler A312 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102, and the heat transfer medium outlet pipe A321 of the auxiliary heating boiler A312 is connected to the heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger A313. Further, the inlet end of the second pressurizing device 500 is further provided with a gas replenishing inlet A308 for replenishing the gas heat transfer medium.
  • the user heating system A300 uses the heat exchange method for heating, and the specific process is: high temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field 100 and/or the heat storage heat release system 200, in the heating heat exchanger A313, and the user cold water pipe system A303
  • the cold water exchanges heat, and the hot water obtained by the heat exchange is output through the user's warm water pipe system A304; in the rainy and snowy weather in winter, if the solar heat collecting field 100 and the heat storage heat release system 200 cannot meet the heating demand, the fuel can be heated by supplemental fuel.
  • the heat transfer medium is heated to ensure all-weather heating in winter.
  • the thermal energy utilization system 300 is specifically a steam power generation system B300, and a solar steam power generation system and method are given. in particular:
  • the steam power generation system B300 includes a waste heat boiler B301, a reheater B302, a steam turbine B303, a generator B307, a condensing device B304, and a deaerating regenerator B305.
  • the waste heat boiler B301 is an integrated boiler integrated with a fuel heating function, which incorporates a burner for auxiliary heating, and is provided with a boiler fuel inlet B309 and a flue gas outlet.
  • the heating side input end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102, and the heating side output end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101.
  • the water side input end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the feed water output end of the deaeration regenerator B305 through the water pump B306, and the water side output end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the boiler steam input end of the steam turbine B303.
  • the exhaust steam output end of the steam turbine B303 is connected to the hot side input end of the condensing device B304, the pumping output end of the steam turbine B303 is connected to the pumping input end of the deaerator regenerator B305, and the power output shaft of the steam turbine B303 is connected to the generator B307.
  • the hot side output of the condensing unit B304 is connected to the return water inlet of the oxygen scavenger B305.
  • the cold side of the condensing device B304 is cooled by the cold water to cool the steam on the hot side, and the deaerating regenerator B305 is further provided with a boiler water filling port B310.
  • the heating side input end of the reheater B302 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium main pipe 102, and the heating side output end of the reheater B302 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe 101.
  • the steam side input of reheater B302 is coupled to the reheat steam output of turbine B303, and the steam side output of reheater B302 is coupled to the reheat steam input of turbine B303.
  • the inlet end of the second pressurizing device 500 is provided with a gas replenishing inlet B308.
  • This embodiment also provides a method for generating electricity by using the above solar steam power generation system, comprising the following steps:
  • the solar collector field 100 absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the steam power generation system B300 for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system 200 to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for storage. heat.
  • the temperature of the low temperature heat transfer medium entering the solar heat collecting field 100 is 150 ° C ⁇ 350 ° C
  • the temperature of the high temperature heat transfer medium flowing out of the solar heat collecting field 100 is 200 ° C ⁇ 800 ° C
  • the heat transfer medium system circulating pressure is 0.1 Mpa ⁇ 3 MPa.
  • the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system 200 are simultaneously sent to the steam power generation system B300 for power generation, or the heat storage heat release system 200 is separately placed.
  • the hot high-temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the steam power generation system B300 for power generation, and the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy returns to the solar heat collecting field 100 to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system 200.
  • the heat exchange is again raised.
  • step 1) and step 2) the steam power generation system B300 uses a high temperature heat transfer medium to heat production steam to generate electricity;
  • the waste heat boiler B301 can be heated by burning fuel to meet the needs of the steam power generation system B300, and to ensure all-weather power generation.
  • the thermal energy utilization system 300 is specifically a thermal power generation system C300, and a solar thermal power generation system and method are provided. in particular:
  • the heat engine power generation system C300 has a thermal expander C311, a generator C307 coupled with the thermal expander C311, and a residual heat exchanger C313 associated with the thermal expander C311.
  • the heat source input end of the thermal expander C311 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, and the thermal expander
  • the heat source output end of C311 is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger C313, the heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101, and the cold water input end of the residual heat exchanger C313 and the user cold water pipe system C303 Connected, the hot water output end of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the user warm water pipe system C304;
  • the heat engine power generation system C300 further has an auxiliary heating boiler C312, and the heat transfer medium inlet pipe C320 of the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102.
  • the heat transfer medium outlet pipe C321 of the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander C311, and the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is further provided with a boiler fuel inlet C309 for inputting the auxiliary fuel. Further, the inlet end of the second pressurizing device 500 is provided with a gas replenishing inlet C308.
  • the embodiment also provides a method for generating electricity by using the above solar heat engine power generation system, comprising the following steps:
  • the solar collector field 100 absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the heat engine power generation system C300 for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system 200 to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for storage. heat.
  • the temperature of the low temperature heat transfer medium entering the solar heat collecting field 100 is 150 ° C ⁇ 350 ° C
  • the temperature of the high temperature heat transfer medium flowing out of the solar heat collecting field 100 is 200 ° C ⁇ 800 ° C
  • the heat transfer medium system circulating pressure is 0.1 Mpa ⁇ 3 MPa.
  • the high-temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system 200 are simultaneously sent to the heat generating system C300 for power generation, or the heat storage and heat release system 200 is separately placed.
  • the hot high-temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the heat engine power generation system C300 for power generation, and the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy returns to the solar heat collecting field 100 to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system 200.
  • the heat exchange is again raised.
  • step 1) and step 2) the heat engine power generation system C300 uses high temperature heat transfer medium expansion work to generate electricity, and the specific process is as follows:
  • the high-temperature gas heat transfer medium is expanded and expanded in the thermal expander C311 to generate electricity. After the work, the gas heat transfer medium is cooled by the residual heat exchanger C313 and recovered, and then returned to the solar heat collecting field 100 and/or the heat storage and heat release system. 200; the residual heat exchanger C313 obtains heat to heat the cold water to obtain hot water for the user to use;
  • the auxiliary heating boiler C312 can be used to burn the fuel to supplement the heat, and after heating the gas heat transfer medium to a suitable temperature. It is sent to the thermal expander C311 for power generation to ensure all-weather power generation.
  • the gas medium in which the solid particles are mixed cannot be directly fed into the thermal expander for power generation, and the heat engine power generation system C300 is specially designed.
  • a particulate filter C301 and a jet ejector C302 are added to the specially designed heat engine power generation system C300.
  • the mixed medium input end of the particulate filter C301 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, and the clean medium output end of the particulate filter C301 is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander C311.
  • the first heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the clean medium input end of the jet ejector C302.
  • the solid particle output end of the particulate filter C301 is connected to the second heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger C313, and the second heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the solid particle input end of the jet ejector C302.
  • the mixed medium output end of the jet ejector C302 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main tube 101, and the solid particle input end of the jet ejector C302 is further provided with a gas replenishing inlet C308 for replenishing the heat transfer medium (including solid particles).
  • the heat transfer medium inlet pipe C320 of the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is connected to the clean medium output end of the particulate filter C301.
  • the ultra-required solid particles obtained by filtration are passed through a part of the high-temperature gas heat transfer medium as a transport gas, and the cleaned gas medium after the work is cooled by the residual heat exchanger C313, and the heat is recovered, and then mixed in the jet ejector C302 to obtain a mixed a low-temperature gas medium of solid particles, and the heat exchanger C313 obtains heat to heat the cold water to obtain hot water for use by the user;
  • the cleaned gas medium filtered is first heated to a suitable temperature in the auxiliary heating boiler C312 and then sent to the thermal expander. Power generation is performed in C311.

Abstract

A heat-transfer and heat-storage separation method and system for solar photothermal utilization, the system comprising: a solar energy heat collecting field (100) that is provided with a solar energy heat collector (105) and high- and low-temperature heat transfer medium main tubes (102, 101); and a heat-storage and heat-dissipation system (200) and a thermal energy utilization system (300) which are connected in parallel between the high- and low-temperature heat transfer medium main tubes (102, 101); the heat-storage and heat-dissipation system (200) comprises a heat-storage tank (201), the interior of which being divided, according to the positions of energy storage mediums, into a top portion packing zone (211), one or more intermediate packing zones (212) and a bottom portion packing zone (213) which communicate in sequence, each packing zone being provided with an inlet switching valve.

Description

传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法和系统Heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar photothermal utilization method and system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及太阳能热利用技术，特别是指一种传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法和系统。The invention relates to a solar thermal utilization technology, in particular to a heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar thermal utilization method and system.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能光热利用是指将太阳辐射的热能集中起来，进行发电、制冷、供暖供热和热化学制氢等，实现对太阳能光热的利用。以下以太阳能热发电为例，对太阳能光热利用的现状进行简单说明。Solar thermal utilization refers to the collection of thermal energy from solar radiation for power generation, refrigeration, heating and heating, and thermochemical hydrogen production to achieve solar thermal utilization. The following is a brief description of the current status of solar thermal utilization using solar thermal power generation as an example.
太阳能热发电，又称聚焦型太阳能热发电(Concentrating Solar Power，简称CSP)，是通过大量反射镜以聚焦的方式将太阳能直射光聚集起来，加热工质，产生高温高压的蒸汽，由蒸汽驱动汽轮机发电。按照太阳能采集方式，太阳能热发电主要划分为：太阳能槽式发电、太阳能塔式热发电、太阳能碟式热发电。1)槽式系统是利用抛物柱面槽式反射镜将阳光聚焦到管状的接收器上，并将管内的传热工质加热产生蒸汽，推动常规汽轮机发电。2)塔式系统是利用众多的定日镜，将太阳热辐射反射到置于高塔顶部的高温集热器上，加热工质产生过热蒸汽，或直接加热集热器中的水产生过热蒸汽，驱动汽轮机发电机组发电。3)碟式系统利用曲面聚光反射镜，将入射阳光聚集在焦点处，在焦点处加热吸热工质，驱动热机，实现光电转化。Solar thermal power generation, also known as Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), is a method of focusing solar light directly through a large number of mirrors, heating the working medium, generating high temperature and high pressure steam, and driving the steam turbine by steam. Power generation. According to the solar energy collection method, solar thermal power generation is mainly divided into: solar trough power generation, solar tower thermal power generation, and solar disc thermal power generation. 1) The trough system uses a parabolic trough mirror to focus sunlight onto a tubular receiver, and heats the heat transfer medium inside the tube to generate steam, which drives conventional steam turbines to generate electricity. 2) The tower system utilizes a plurality of heliostats to reflect solar heat radiation onto a high temperature collector placed on top of the high tower, heating the working medium to generate superheated steam, or directly heating the water in the collector to generate superheated steam. Drive the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity. 3) The dish system uses a curved concentrating mirror to concentrate the incident sunlight at the focus, heat the heat absorbing medium at the focus, drive the heat engine, and realize photoelectric conversion.
太阳能热发电一般采用熔盐、导热油或空气作为传热介质。其中，熔盐通常是由诸如硝酸钾、硝酸钠和氯化钠的混合物构成，其特点在于价格低廉，热传导性能良好，可以在常压下储存在大型容器里同时作为储能介质进行储热。然而，由于熔盐具有相对高的凝固点(120～240℃)，所流经的管路在系统启动时需要进行预热，从而造成了额外的能量消耗；此外，熔盐材料对管材的耐腐蚀性要求高，从而会增加管材的使用成本。采用导热油作为传热介质时，导热油吸收太阳热能后输送到后续系统中进行利用；进行储热时，导热油同时作为储热介质储存到一个或多个导热油罐中，当需要进行放热时，将导热油罐中的高温导热油直接输送到后续系统进行利用。然而，目前的导热油工作温度必须控制在400摄氏度左右，超出这一温度将会导致导热油裂解、粘度提高以及传热效率降低等问题，从而限制了太阳能热发电装置的工作温度及发电效率。采用热空气作为传热介质的方案具体是，低压空气首先在太阳能吸收器中被加热，然后送往热量回收蒸汽生产系统(Heat Recovery Steam Generating，简称HRSG)中加热水产生蒸汽，随后蒸汽被送往汽轮机中做功，带动发电机发电。然而，这种方案的缺点在于，低压空气 热容比较小，对流换热系数低，因此导致管道内空气携带热量的能力差，空气的流速过高，整体管道压损比较大。Solar thermal power generation generally uses molten salt, heat transfer oil or air as a heat transfer medium. Among them, the molten salt is usually composed of a mixture such as potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sodium chloride, and is characterized by low cost and good heat conduction performance, and can be stored in a large container under normal pressure while storing heat as an energy storage medium. However, since the molten salt has a relatively high freezing point (120-240 ° C), the pipe flowing through needs to be preheated at the start of the system, thereby causing additional energy consumption; in addition, the molten salt material is resistant to corrosion of the pipe. High requirements for sex, which will increase the cost of using the pipe. When heat transfer oil is used as the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer oil absorbs the solar heat energy and then transports it to the subsequent system for utilization; when heat storage, the heat transfer oil is simultaneously stored as a heat storage medium in one or more heat transfer oil tanks, when needed When hot, the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the heat transfer oil tank is directly transferred to the subsequent system for utilization. However, the current operating temperature of the heat transfer oil must be controlled at about 400 degrees Celsius. Exceeding this temperature will cause problems such as cracking of the heat transfer oil, increase in viscosity, and reduction in heat transfer efficiency, thereby limiting the operating temperature and power generation efficiency of the solar thermal power generation device. Specifically, the hot air is used as the heat transfer medium. The low-pressure air is first heated in the solar absorber, and then sent to the heat recovery steam generation system (HRSG) to heat the water to generate steam, and then the steam is sent. Work on the steam turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity. However, the disadvantage of this scheme is that the low-pressure air has a relatively small heat capacity and a low convective heat transfer coefficient, so that the air carrying heat in the pipeline is poor, the air flow rate is too high, and the overall pipeline pressure loss is relatively large.
由于受到昼夜、季节、天气等因素的影响，太阳能集热场采集的热能是既间断又不稳定的。为了保证太阳能热发电的稳定性和持续性，可在发电系统中加入化石燃料发电机，当太阳光不稳定的时候，由化石燃料发电机补充发电。也有采用与太阳能集热场并联的蓄热系统，在太阳辐射能量充足时储存热量，在太阳辐射能量不足时释放热量进行发电。现有的蓄热系统一般采用熔盐、导热油等传热介质在储罐内储存的方式进行储热；由于气体传热介质的热容低，储热能力差，因此这种方式不适用于气体传热介质。Due to the influence of day and night, season, weather and other factors, the heat collected by the solar collector is both intermittent and unstable. In order to ensure the stability and sustainability of solar thermal power generation, fossil fuel generators can be added to the power generation system to supplement the power generation by fossil fuel generators when the sunlight is unstable. There is also a heat storage system in parallel with the solar collector field, which stores heat when the solar radiation energy is sufficient, and releases heat when the solar radiation energy is insufficient to generate electricity. The existing heat storage system generally uses heat transfer medium such as molten salt or heat transfer oil to store heat in the storage tank; since the heat transfer medium has low heat capacity and poor heat storage capacity, this method is not applicable to Gas heat transfer medium.
为了集中热能，提高发电效率，通常接收太阳光的采光板/集热器采用模块化布局，在系统中各组太阳能集热器受热不均时，会带来传热介质在管路系统中的阻力失衡，导致偏流、断流的问题。由于气体工质传热能力较差、流速过高，以及集热管道过长等原因，上述问题在采用空气作为传热介质的槽式太阳能集热场中尤为突出，严重影响了太阳能集热场的稳定运行及传热效率。In order to concentrate heat energy and improve power generation efficiency, the daylighting plate/heat collector that normally receives sunlight adopts a modular layout. When the solar collectors of the various groups in the system are heated unevenly, the heat transfer medium is brought into the pipeline system. Unbalanced resistance leads to problems of bias and current interruption. Due to the poor heat transfer capacity of the gas working fluid, the high flow rate, and the long length of the heat collecting pipeline, the above problems are particularly prominent in the trough solar collector field using air as the heat transfer medium, which seriously affects the solar collector field. Stable operation and heat transfer efficiency.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种年利用小时数高、系统高效多元化的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法和系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a heat and heat storage and separation solar energy heat utilization method and system with high annual utilization hours and high efficiency and diversification of the system.
为实现上述目的，本发明所提供的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，应用于包括太阳能集热场、储热放热系统和热能利用系统的太阳能光热利用系统中，包括如下步骤：1)太阳能集热场吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到热能利用系统中进行利用和/或输送到储热放热系统中与储能介质换热进行储热；2)将所述太阳能集热场输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到热能利用系统进行利用，或者单独将储热放热系统放热得到的高温传热介质输送到热能利用系统中进行利用；3)高温传热介质在热能利用系统中释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统再次进行换热升温；通过以上方式实现传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用。To achieve the above object, the heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar photothermal utilization method provided by the present invention is applied to a solar thermal utilization system including a solar heat collecting field, a heat storage and heat release system, and a thermal energy utilization system, and includes the following steps. : 1) The solar collector field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat energy utilization system for utilization and/or transported to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage; 2) simultaneously transferring the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system to the heat energy utilization system, or separately radiating the heat storage heat release system The obtained high-temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat energy utilization system for use; 3) the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by releasing the heat energy in the heat energy utilization system of the high-temperature heat transfer medium returns to the solar heat collecting field to collect heat and/or return heat storage again. The heat release system performs heat transfer again; the heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar light heat utilization is realized by the above method.
优选地，所述储热放热系统进行储热时传热介质的流向与进行放热时传热介质的流向相反，相反的流向有利于储热和热利用。Preferably, the flow direction of the heat transfer medium when the heat storage and heat release system performs heat storage is opposite to the flow direction of the heat transfer medium when the heat is released, and the opposite flow direction is favorable for heat storage and heat utilization.
优选地，所述储热放热系统进行储热时，传热介质从上往下流过储能介质；所述储热放热系统进行放热时，传热介质从下往上流过储能介质。由于传热介质温度越高，在压力不变的前提下，密度一般也越大，按上述流向，储热时，传热介质在上部温度高密度小，下部温度低密度大，有利于传热介质自上而下的流动；反之，放热时，传热介质 在上部温度高密度小，下部温度低密度大，有利于传热介质自下而上的流动。Preferably, when the heat storage and heat release system performs heat storage, the heat transfer medium flows from the top to the bottom through the energy storage medium; when the heat storage and heat release system performs heat release, the heat transfer medium flows from the bottom to the top through the energy storage medium. . Due to the higher temperature of the heat transfer medium, the density is generally higher under the premise of constant pressure. According to the above flow direction, when the heat is stored, the heat transfer medium has a high density at the upper portion and a low density at the lower portion, which is favorable for heat transfer. The medium flows from top to bottom; on the contrary, when the heat is released, the heat transfer medium has a high density at the upper portion and a low density at the lower portion, which is favorable for the bottom-up flow of the heat transfer medium.
优选地，所述储热放热系统设置有多个填料分区，进行储热时，传热介质按分区同时或先后通过各填料分区进行储热；进行放热时，传热介质按分区同时或先后通过各填料分区获取热量。对于不分区的储热罐体，传热介质从一端进入，从另一端流出，储热时沿流向温度逐渐下降，先加热的储热材料升温快，后加热的储热材料升温慢；放热时沿流向温度逐渐升高，先放热的储热材料降温快，后放热的储热材料降温慢，由此导致蓄热系统储热放热总量较低、热传导效率下降等问题。而采用多个填料分区换热时，可以灵活实现多种分区换热模式，例如依次从不同分区进入，从最后一个分区流出；又如同时从奇数序号的分区进从偶数序号的分区流出(即从第一分区进，第二分区出，同时从第三分区进、第四分区出)，或者从偶数分区进，奇数分区出；又如分别从各分区的一端进入，从同一分区的另一端流出，等等。使用时可根据实际情况选择最优的分区换热模式，以取得最佳储热放热效果。Preferably, the heat storage and heat release system is provided with a plurality of filler partitions. When the heat storage is performed, the heat transfer medium stores heat through the partitions at the same time or sequentially; when the heat is released, the heat transfer medium is partitioned simultaneously or Heat is obtained through each filler zone. For the non-zoned heat storage tank, the heat transfer medium enters from one end and flows out from the other end, and the temperature gradually decreases along the flow direction when the heat is stored. The heat storage material heated first heats up quickly, and the heat storage material heated later heats up slowly; When the temperature is gradually increased, the temperature of the first heat-dissipating heat storage material is lowered rapidly, and the heat-dissipating heat-dissipating material is slowed down slowly, thereby causing problems such as a low total heat storage and heat release of the heat storage system and a decrease in heat transfer efficiency. When multiple partitions are used for heat exchange, a plurality of partition heat exchange modes can be flexibly implemented, for example, sequentially entering from different partitions and flowing out from the last partition; and simultaneously flowing from odd-numbered partitions into even-numbered partitions (ie, From the first partition, the second partition, at the same time from the third partition into the fourth partition), or from the even partition into the odd partition, or as from the end of each partition, from the other end of the same partition Outflow, and so on. When using, the optimal partition heat transfer mode can be selected according to the actual situation to achieve the best heat storage and heat release effect.
优选地，所述储热放热系统包括储热罐体，所述储热罐体内按照填装储能介质的位置不同划分为依次连通的顶部填料区、一个以上的中间填料区、以及底部填料区；所述储热放热系统在进行储热时，来自太阳能集热场的高温传热介质首先从储热罐体的顶部进入，依次通过顶部填料区、各中间填料区和底部填料区，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场；当顶部填料区温度升高到设定值时，高温传热介质切换为从顶部填料区下方的第一个中间填料区进入，依次通过该第一个中间填料区及其下方的各中间填料区和底部填料区，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场；当第一个中间填料区温度升高到设定值时，高温传热介质切换为从第二个中间填料区进入，依次通过该第二个中间填料区及其下方的各中间填料区和底部填料区，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场；依此类推，直至高温传热介质切换为从最下方的一个中间填料区进入，从底部填料区流出，并使底部填料区的温度升高到设定值，完成储热罐体的储热，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场。该方案采用逐层储热的方式，有效避免储能介质局部过热，并减小了储能死区，提高了储热放热系统的储热效率。Preferably, the heat storage and heat release system comprises a heat storage tank body, and the heat storage tank body is divided into a top filler zone, one or more intermediate filler zones, and an underfill material which are sequentially connected according to the position of filling the energy storage medium. When the heat storage and heat release system performs heat storage, the high-temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field first enters from the top of the heat storage tank body, and sequentially passes through the top packing area, each intermediate packing area and the bottom packing area. The low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat transfer cooling returns from the bottom of the heat storage tank body to the solar heat collecting field; when the temperature of the top packing area rises to a set value, the high-temperature heat transfer medium is switched from below the top packing area. The first intermediate packing zone enters, passes through the first intermediate packing zone and the intermediate packing zone and the bottom packing zone below the same, and the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange cooling flows out from the bottom of the heat storage tank body and returns a solar heat collecting field; when the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone rises to a set value, the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone, and sequentially passes through the second intermediate filling The low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and cooling is returned from the bottom of the heat storage tank body to the solar heat collecting field after the intermediate packing area and the bottom packing area under the zone and the bottom packing zone; and so on, until the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to Entering from the lowermost intermediate packing zone, flowing out from the bottom packing zone, and raising the temperature of the bottom packing zone to a set value, completing the heat storage of the heat storage tank body, and obtaining the low temperature heat transfer medium through heat exchange cooling The bottom of the heat storage tank flows out and returns to the solar heat collecting field. The scheme adopts a layer-by-layer heat storage method to effectively avoid local overheating of the energy storage medium, reduce the energy storage dead zone, and improve the heat storage efficiency of the heat storage and heat release system.
优选地，所述储热放热系统在进行放热时，来自热能利用系统的低温传热介质首先从储热罐体的底部进入，依次通过底部填料区、各中间填料区和顶部填料区，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统；当底部填料区温度降低到设定值时，低温传热介质切换为从底部填料区上方的第一个中间填料区进入，依 次通过该第一个中间填料区及其上方的各中间填料区和顶部填料区，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统；当第一个中间填料区温度降低到设定值时，低温传热介质切换为从第二个中间填料区进入，依次通过该第二个中间填料区及其上方的各中间填料区和顶部填料区，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统；依此类推，直至低温传热介质切换为从最上方的一个中间填料区进入，从顶部填料区流出，并使顶部填料区的温度升高到设定值，完成储热罐体的放热，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统。该方案采用逐层放热的方式，有效提高了储热放热系统的放热效率，实现系统对不同负荷变化时响应的速度与效应。Preferably, when the heat storage and heat release system performs heat release, the low temperature heat transfer medium from the heat energy utilization system first enters from the bottom of the heat storage tank body, and sequentially passes through the bottom packing area, each intermediate packing area and the top packing area. The high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat exchange temperature rises out from the top of the heat storage tank body and enters the heat energy utilization system; when the temperature of the bottom packing area decreases to a set value, the low-temperature heat transfer medium switches to the first from the bottom packing area. An intermediate packing zone enters, sequentially passes through the first intermediate packing zone and each of the intermediate packing zone and the top packing zone above, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heating flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body and enters thermal energy utilization. a system; when the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone is lowered to a set value, the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone, sequentially passing through the second intermediate packing zone and each intermediate packing zone above and In the top packing zone, the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heating flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body and enters the heat energy utilization system; and so on, until the low-temperature heat transfer medium is cut. In order to enter from the uppermost intermediate packing zone, flow out from the top packing zone, and raise the temperature of the top packing zone to a set value, complete the heat release of the heat storage tank body, and obtain high temperature heat transfer through heat exchange temperature rise. The medium exits the top of the thermal storage tank and enters the thermal energy utilization system. The scheme adopts a layer-by-layer heat release method, which effectively improves the heat release efficiency of the heat storage and heat release system, and realizes the speed and effect of the system response to different load changes.
本发明同时提供了一种可实现前述方法的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，包括太阳能集热场、储热放热系统、热能利用系统、第一加压装置和第二加压装置，所述太阳能集热场包括作为低温传热介质输入端的低温传热介质母管和作为高温传热介质输出端的高温传热介质母管；所述储热放热系统和热能利用系统并联布置在低温传热介质母管与高温传热介质母管之间；所述储热放热系统包括储热罐体，所述储热罐体内按照填装储能介质的位置不同划分为依次连通的顶部填料区、一个以上的中间填料区、以及底部填料区；其中顶部填料区通过顶部切换阀与高温传热介质母管相连，底部填料区通过底部切换阀与低温传热介质母管相连，各个中间填料区通过与其对应的各个中间切换阀与中间区连接管相连；所述中间区连接管的一端通过中间区高温切换阀与高温传热介质母管相连，所述中间区连接管的另一端通过中间区低温切换阀与低温传热介质母管相连；所述第一加压装置设置在低温传热介质母管在储热放热系统与太阳能集热场之间的管段；所述第二加压装置设置在低温传热介质母管在储热放热系统与热能利用系统之间的管段。所述第一加压装置、第二加压装置通过对传热介质进行加压以补充其在流动过程中损失的压力，根据传热介质的相态加压装置可选择泵或风机等。The invention also provides a heat and heat storage and separation type solar thermal energy utilization system capable of realizing the foregoing method, comprising a solar heat collecting field, a heat storage and heat release system, a thermal energy utilization system, a first pressing device and a second pressing device. The solar collector field comprises a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube as an input end of the low temperature heat transfer medium and a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube as an output end of the high temperature heat transfer medium; the heat storage heat release system and the heat energy utilization system are arranged in parallel Between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube; the heat storage heat release system includes a heat storage tank body, and the heat storage tank body is divided into successively connected according to different positions of filling the energy storage medium a top packing zone, more than one intermediate packing zone, and an underfill zone; wherein the top packing zone is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe through a top switching valve, and the bottom packing zone is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe through a bottom switching valve, each The intermediate packing zone is connected to the intermediate zone connecting pipe through its corresponding intermediate switching valve; one end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe is switched by the intermediate zone high temperature Connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium main pipe, the other end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe through the intermediate zone low temperature switching valve; the first pressurizing device is disposed in the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe a pipe section between the thermal heat release system and the solar heat collecting field; the second pressurizing device is disposed in a pipe section between the heat storage heat release system and the heat energy utilization system of the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe. The first pressurizing device and the second pressurizing device supplement the pressure lost during the flow by pressurizing the heat transfer medium, and the pump or fan or the like may be selected according to the phase pressurizing device of the heat transfer medium.
优选地，所述太阳能集热场包括呈纵横向阵列布置的若干太阳能集热器，每一纵向列中的各个太阳能集热器共用一根分段串联贯通的集热管，各根集热管的输入端与低温传热介质母管相连，各根集热管的输出端与高温传热介质母管相连；相邻两根集热管之间通过若干间隔设置的分布联箱横向贯通。该方案采用分布联箱以解决气体传热介质在复杂的管路系统中的阻力失衡导致偏流、断流的问题，传热介质进入分布联箱后改变原有的直线型的流动方向，实现传热介质在各传热单元之间的交叉流向，使得整体太阳能集热场趋于受热均匀，进一步在各根集热管上分别设置压力控制阀，实时调节太阳能集热场气流流量分布，实现整体系统稳定可靠运行。Preferably, the solar heat collecting field comprises a plurality of solar heat collectors arranged in a longitudinal and lateral array, and each of the solar heat collectors in each longitudinal column shares a heat collecting tube which is connected in series through the series, and the input of each heat collecting tube The end is connected with the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the output end of each heat collecting tube is connected with the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube; the adjacent two heat collecting tubes are transversely penetrated through a plurality of spaced distribution boxes. The scheme adopts a distributed header to solve the problem of bias and disconnection caused by the imbalance of resistance of the gas heat transfer medium in the complicated pipeline system. After the heat transfer medium enters the distribution header, the original straight flow direction is changed, and the transmission is realized. The cross flow direction of the heat medium between the heat transfer units makes the overall solar heat collecting field tend to be evenly heated. Further, pressure control valves are respectively disposed on the respective heat collecting tubes to adjust the flow distribution of the solar heat collecting field in real time to realize the overall system. Stable and reliable operation.
优选地，所述集热管优选为带有内翅片或内扩展肋片的集热管。内翅片可以是直肋片、三角形肋片、环形肋片等；还可以是采用预制的翅片形金属栅格卡套在集热管内的等同变换型式。与直管、波纹管或螺纹管结构的集热管相比，带有内翅片或内扩展肋片的集热管的传热面积更大，提高了传热效率，实现被动强化传热。Preferably, the heat collecting tube is preferably a heat collecting tube with inner fins or inner expanded ribs. The inner fins may be straight ribs, triangular ribs, annular ribs, etc.; or may be an equivalent transformation of a prefabricated fin-shaped metal grid ferrule in the heat collecting tube. Compared with the heat pipe of the straight pipe, the bellows or the threaded pipe structure, the heat collecting pipe with the inner fin or the inner expanded rib has a larger heat transfer area, improves the heat transfer efficiency, and realizes passive enhanced heat transfer.
优选地，所述太阳能集热场的传热介质为带压气体介质，所述带压气体介质包括空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、甲烷、水蒸气中的一种或多种；所述带压气体介质的循环压力不小于0.1Mpa，优选为0.1Mpa～10MPa，进一步优选为0.1Mpa～3MPa。采用气体作为整套系统的传热介质，具有耐高温、无腐蚀且廉价、安全无毒、获取简单的特性，能大幅降低系统建设成本及运行维护成本；同时后续热力发电系统可以实现多元化系统利用，如朗肯循环、布雷顿循环等，系统配置灵活、用途广泛，可以同时结合冷热电三联供，实现分布式能源系统。气体传热介质带压可提高密度，提高气体携带热量的能力和传热效率。更优选地，所述传热介质为混有固体微粒的气体介质；所述固体微粒的粒径可选为0.01μm～10mm，优选为1μm～1mm，该优选粒径范围内固体微粒能够与气体介质形成较为稳定的气固混合物，有利于长距离输送，可显著减少颗粒沉积，降低压力损失和对管道系统的磨损，尤其是集热管很长的槽式太阳能集热器，采用较小的粒径更为有利。所述固体微粒为无相变材料构成的无相变微粒，或者为由固体导热材料构成胶囊外壳、由相变材料构成胶囊填充物的相变胶囊微粒。所述无相变微粒优选为工厂粉尘，例如除尘系统捕集的电厂锅炉飞灰，以实现粉尘的废物利用。在传热过程中，加入固体微粒可提高气体介质的传热效率。当采用内含相变材料的胶囊微粒时，胶囊微粒受热与遇冷时发生相变过程，其内的相变材料通过相变释放或吸收热能来主动提高强化传热系数，减少传热面积，减少系统管道尺寸及后续锅炉换热设备尺寸，降低投资成本。Preferably, the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field is a pressurized gas medium, and the pressurized gas medium includes one or more of air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, and water vapor; The circulation pressure of the pressurized gas medium is not less than 0.1 MPa, preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 3 MPa. Using gas as the heat transfer medium of the whole system, it has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, no corrosion, low cost, safety, non-toxicity and simple acquisition, which can greatly reduce the system construction cost and operation and maintenance cost. At the same time, the subsequent thermal power generation system can realize diversified system utilization. Such as the Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, etc., the system configuration is flexible, versatile, can be combined with cold, heat and power triple supply, to achieve a distributed energy system. The pressure of the gas heat transfer medium can increase the density, improve the ability of the gas to carry heat and heat transfer efficiency. More preferably, the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; the particle size of the solid particles may be selected from 0.01 μm to 10 mm, preferably from 1 μm to 1 mm, and the solid particles can be combined with the gas in the preferred particle size range. The medium forms a relatively stable gas-solid mixture, which is beneficial for long-distance transportation, which can significantly reduce particle deposition, reduce pressure loss and wear on the piping system, especially trough solar collectors with long collector tubes, using smaller particles. The path is more favorable. The solid fine particles are non-phase-change fine particles composed of a phase change-free material, or phase change capsule fine particles in which a capsule outer shell is composed of a solid heat conductive material and a capsule filler is composed of a phase change material. The non-phase-change particles are preferably factory dust, such as power plant boiler fly ash captured by a dust removal system, to achieve waste utilization of dust. In the heat transfer process, the addition of solid particles increases the heat transfer efficiency of the gaseous medium. When the capsule particles containing the phase change material are used, the capsule particles undergo a phase change process when subjected to heat and cold, and the phase change material therein actively releases the heat transfer coefficient by phase change release or absorbs heat energy, thereby reducing the heat transfer area. Reduce system pipe size and subsequent boiler heat exchange equipment size, reduce investment costs.
以上通过对集热管结构和传热介质材料的优化，实现了主动与被动强化传热相结合，极大提高了气体传热介质在集热管内的流动传热系数，使得在集热管管径尺寸变化不大时，实现在气体经济流速的情况下保证足够的传热效率，减少系统阻力和管道磨损，进而极大降低系统造价。Through the optimization of the heat collecting tube structure and the heat transfer medium material, the combination of active and passive enhanced heat transfer is realized, and the flow heat transfer coefficient of the gas heat transfer medium in the heat collecting tube is greatly improved, so that the diameter of the heat collecting tube is small. When the change is not large, it can ensure sufficient heat transfer efficiency under the condition of gas economic flow rate, reduce system resistance and pipeline wear, and thus greatly reduce system cost.
可选地，所述太阳能集热场的传热介质也可为液体传热介质，所述液体传热介质包括导热油、水、氨水中的一种或多种。Optionally, the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field may also be a liquid heat transfer medium, and the liquid heat transfer medium includes one or more of heat transfer oil, water, and ammonia water.
优选地，所述储能介质为高比热固体材料或相变储热材料，其形状可为球形、柱形、网状、菱形、或不规则形状等，堆积在储热装置内形成多孔结构。更优选地，所述高比热固体材料为石英砂、铁砂、铸铁、铁矿石、鹅卵石中的一种或多种；所述相变储热材料包括固体导热材料构成的外壳和封装在外壳内的相变材料填充物。Preferably, the energy storage medium is a high specific heat solid material or a phase change heat storage material, and the shape thereof may be a spherical shape, a column shape, a mesh shape, a rhombus shape, or an irregular shape, and the like is stacked in the heat storage device to form a porous structure. . More preferably, the high specific heat solid material is one or more of quartz sand, iron sand, cast iron, iron ore, pebbles; the phase change heat storage material comprises a shell composed of a solid heat conductive material and is encapsulated in the outer shell. A phase change material filler inside.
可选地，所述储能介质为液相储热材料(例如熔盐)；所述传热介质通过间接换热方式将热能储存到液相储热材料中或者从液相储热材料中获得热能。Optionally, the energy storage medium is a liquid phase heat storage material (for example, a molten salt); the heat transfer medium stores thermal energy into the liquid storage material by indirect heat exchange or obtains from the liquid storage material. Thermal energy.
可选地，所述热能利用系统是可利用热能的发电系统、制冷系统和供热系统中的一个或多个系统。Optionally, the thermal energy utilization system is one or more of a power generation system, a refrigeration system, and a heating system that can utilize thermal energy.
基于类似的设计思想，本发明针对供暖和发电等场景提供了几种更为具体的方法和系统。Based on similar design ideas, the present invention provides several more specific methods and systems for scenarios such as heating and power generation.
场景1：太阳能供暖Scene 1: Solar heating
针对该场景，本发明首先提供了一种太阳能供暖方法，在前述太阳能光热利用方法的基础上，采用用户供暖系统作为热能利用系统，所获取的热量用于供暖。In view of the scene, the present invention first provides a solar heating method. On the basis of the foregoing solar thermal utilization method, a user heating system is used as a thermal energy utilization system, and the obtained heat is used for heating.
该方法优选包括如下步骤：The method preferably includes the following steps:
1)所述太阳能集热场吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到用户供暖系统中进行供暖和/或输送到储热放热系统中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar collector field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the user heating system for heating and/or transported to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage. ;
2)将所述太阳能集热场输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到用户供暖系统进行供暖，或者单独将储热放热系统放热得到的高温传热介质输送到用户供暖系统中进行供暖；2) simultaneously conveying the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system to the user heating system for heating, or separately radiating the heat storage heat release system The obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is delivered to the user heating system for heating;
3)高温传热介质在供暖系统与冷水换热释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统再次进行换热升温，冷水经换热升温后得到的热水输送给用户使用。3) The low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the high-temperature heat transfer medium after the heat exchange between the heating system and the cold water releases heat energy, returns to the solar heat collecting field, and collects heat again and/or returns to the heat storage and heat release system to heat up again, and the cold water passes through the heat exchange. The hot water obtained after the temperature rise is delivered to the user.
本发明其次提供了一种太阳能供暖系统，在前述太阳能光热利用系统的基础上，采用用户供暖系统作为热能利用系统。The present invention further provides a solar heating system in which a user heating system is employed as a thermal energy utilization system based on the aforementioned solar thermal utilization system.
优选地，所述用户供暖系统具有供暖热交换器，所述供暖热交换器的热源输入端与高温传热介质母管相连，所述供暖热交换器的热源输出端与低温传热介质母管相连，所述供暖热交换器的冷水输入端与用户冷水管系相连，所述供暖热交换器的热水输出端与用户暖水管系相连；所述用户供暖系统还具有辅助供暖锅炉，所述辅助供暖锅炉的传热介质进口管与高温传热介质母管相连，所述辅助供暖锅炉的传热介质出口管与供暖热交换器的热源输入端相连。Preferably, the user heating system has a heating heat exchanger, and a heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and a heat source output end of the heating heat exchanger and a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube Connected, the cold water input end of the heating heat exchanger is connected to a user cold water pipe system, and the hot water output end of the heating heat exchanger is connected to a user warm water pipe system; the user heating system further has an auxiliary heating boiler, The heat transfer medium inlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe, and the heat transfer medium outlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger.
本发明通过前述太阳能光热利用方法和系统可实现冬季全天候供暖：在太阳光热能充足时，通过传热介质循环高效储热；在太阳光热能不足时，通过传热介质循环来高效放热来供暖；在冬季连阴雨雪天气，若太阳能集热场和储热放热系统无法满足供暖需要，还可通过向辅助供暖锅炉中补充燃料燃烧加热传热介质进行供暖，可保证冬季全天候供暖。The invention can realize all-weather heating in winter by the above-mentioned solar photothermal utilization method and system: when the solar heat energy is sufficient, the heat storage medium circulates and efficiently stores heat; when the solar heat energy is insufficient, the heat transfer medium circulates to efficiently radiate heat. Heating; in the winter with rain and snow, if the solar collector and heat storage and heat release system can not meet the heating needs, it can also be heated by supplementing the fuel combustion heating medium to the auxiliary heating boiler to ensure all-weather heating in winter.
场景2：太阳能蒸汽发电Scene 2: Solar steam power generation
针对该场景，本发明首先提供了一种太阳能蒸汽发电方法，在前述太阳能光热利用方法的基础上，采用蒸汽发电系统作为热能利用系统，所获取的热量用于生产蒸汽进行发电。In view of the scene, the present invention firstly provides a solar steam power generation method. On the basis of the foregoing solar light heat utilization method, a steam power generation system is used as a heat energy utilization system, and the obtained heat is used to generate steam for power generation.
该方法优选包括如下步骤：The method preferably includes the following steps:
1)太阳能集热场吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到蒸汽发电系统中进行发电和/或输送到储热放热系统中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar collector field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the steam power generation system for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage;
2)将太阳能集热场输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到蒸汽发电系统进行发电，或者单独将储热放热系统放热得到的高温传热介质输送到蒸汽发电系统中进行发电；2) The high-temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar collector field and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system are simultaneously sent to the steam power generation system for power generation, or the heat storage heat release system is separately radiated. The high temperature heat transfer medium is delivered to the steam power generation system for power generation;
3)高温传热介质在蒸汽发电系统中释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统再次进行换热升温；3) The low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy in the steam power generation system returns to the solar heat collecting field to collect heat again and/or returns to the heat storage and heat release system to heat up again;
上述步骤中，所述蒸汽发电系统利用高温传热介质加热生产蒸汽进行发电；所述传热介质为带压气体介质，所述带压气体介质包括空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、甲烷、水蒸气中的一种或多种。所述带压气体介质的循环压力优选为0.1Mpa～10MPa，进一步优选为0.1Mpa～3MPa。采用气体作为传热介质，一方面气体传热介质可通过带压提高密度，从而提高气体携带热量的能力和传热效率；另一方面具有耐高温、无腐蚀且廉价、安全无毒、获取简单的特性，能大幅降低系统建设成本及运行维护成本。In the above steps, the steam power generation system uses a high temperature heat transfer medium to heat the production steam to generate electricity; the heat transfer medium is a pressurized gas medium, and the pressurized gas medium includes air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, water. One or more of the vapors. The circulation pressure of the pressurized gas medium is preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 3 MPa. Gas is used as the heat transfer medium. On the one hand, the gas heat transfer medium can increase the density by the belt pressure, thereby improving the heat carrying capacity and heat transfer efficiency of the gas; on the other hand, it has high temperature resistance, no corrosion, low cost, safety, non-toxicity and simple acquisition. The characteristics can greatly reduce system construction costs and operation and maintenance costs.
优选地，所述传热介质为混有固体微粒的气体介质；所述固体微粒为无相变材料构成的无相变微粒，或者为由固体导热材料构成胶囊外壳、由相变材料构成胶囊填充物的相变胶囊微粒。Preferably, the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; the solid particles are non-phase-change particles composed of a phase change-free material, or a capsule shell composed of a solid heat conductive material, and a capsule filled with a phase change material. Phase change capsule particles.
本发明其次提供了一种太阳能蒸汽发电系统，在前述太阳能光热利用系统的基础上，采用蒸汽发电系统作为热能利用系统。The present invention further provides a solar steam power generation system in which a steam power generation system is employed as a heat energy utilization system based on the aforementioned solar light heat utilization system.
优选地，所述蒸汽发电系统包括余热锅炉、汽轮机、发电机、冷凝装置和除氧回热器；所述余热锅炉的加热侧输入端连接到高温传热介质母管，所述余热锅炉的加热侧输出端连接到低温传热介质母管；所述余热锅炉的水侧输入端通过水泵连接到除氧回热器的给水输出端，所述余热锅炉的水侧输出端与汽轮机的锅炉蒸汽输入端相连；所述汽轮机的乏汽输出端与冷凝装置的热侧输入端相连，所述汽轮机的抽气输出端与除氧回热器的抽气输入端相连，所述汽轮机的动力输出轴与发电机相连；所述冷凝装置的热侧输出端与除氧回热器的回水输入口相连；所述余热锅炉为集成有燃料加热、传热介质换热功 能的集成式锅炉，优选为在燃煤电厂现有的亚临界、超临界或超超临界锅炉的基础上增加传热介质换热生产蒸汽途径的集成式锅炉，可实现太阳能与燃煤电厂的耦合式发电。Preferably, the steam power generation system comprises a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a generator, a condensing device and an oxygen scavenging regenerator; the heating side input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium main pipe, and the waste heat boiler is heated The side output end is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube; the water side input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to the feed water output end of the deaeration regenerator through a water pump, and the water side output end of the waste heat boiler and the boiler steam input of the steam turbine Connected to the end; the exhaust steam output end of the steam turbine is connected to the hot side input end of the condensing device, and the pumping output end of the steam turbine is connected to the pumping input end of the deaerating regenerator, and the power output shaft of the steam turbine is The generator is connected; the hot side output end of the condensing device is connected to the return water input port of the deaeration regenerator; the waste heat boiler is an integrated boiler integrated with fuel heating and heat transfer medium heat exchange function, preferably Coal-fired power plant based on existing subcritical, supercritical or ultra-supercritical boilers to increase the heat transfer medium heat transfer to produce integrated steam boilers, enabling solar and coal-fired power plants Coupled power generation.
优选地，所述蒸汽发电系统还包括再热器，所述再热器的加热侧输入端连接到高温传热介质母管，所述再热器的加热侧输出端连接到低温传热介质母管；所述再热器的蒸汽侧输入端连接到汽轮机的再热蒸汽输出端，所述再热器的蒸汽侧输出端连接到汽轮机的再热蒸汽输入端。Preferably, the steam power generation system further comprises a reheater, the heating side input end of the reheater is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the heating side output end of the reheater is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother a steam side input of the reheater is coupled to a reheat steam output of the steam turbine, the steam side output of the reheater being coupled to a reheat steam input of the steam turbine.
场景3：太阳能热机发电Scene 3: Solar thermal engine power generation
针对该场景，本发明首先提供了一种太阳能热机发电方法，在前述太阳能光热利用方法的基础上，采用热机发电系统作为热能利用系统，所述热机发电系统通过高温传热介质膨胀做功进行发电；所述传热介质为循环压力不小于0.1Mpa的带压气体介质，所述气体介质包括空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、甲烷、水蒸气中的一种或多种。所述带压气体介质的循环压力优选为0.1Mpa～10MPa，进一步优选为0.1Mpa～3MPa。In view of the scene, the present invention firstly provides a solar heat engine power generation method. On the basis of the foregoing solar light heat utilization method, a heat engine power generation system is used as a heat energy utilization system, and the heat engine power generation system expands by high temperature heat transfer medium to perform power generation. The heat transfer medium is a pressurized gas medium having a circulation pressure of not less than 0.1 MPa, and the gas medium includes one or more of air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, and water vapor. The circulation pressure of the pressurized gas medium is preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 3 MPa.
采用气体作为传热介质具有如下优点：首先，与采用锅炉换热生产蒸汽进行朗肯循环发电相比，直接将高温传热介质送入热机发电系统的热膨胀机中膨胀做功进行发电，能够简化系统流程，降低整体系统投资；其次，气体传热介质通过带压可提高密度，提高气体携带热量的能力和传热效率；最后，气体传热介质具有耐高温、无腐蚀且廉价、安全无毒、获取简单的特性，能大幅降低系统建设成本及运行维护成本。The use of gas as a heat transfer medium has the following advantages: First, compared with the use of boiler heat exchange to produce steam for Rankine cycle power generation, the high-temperature heat transfer medium is directly sent to the thermal expander of the heat engine power generation system to expand work to generate electricity, which can simplify the system. The process reduces the overall system investment. Secondly, the gas heat transfer medium can increase the density by the pressure, improve the heat carrying capacity of the gas and the heat transfer efficiency. Finally, the gas heat transfer medium has high temperature resistance, no corrosion, and is cheap, safe and non-toxic. Obtaining simple features can significantly reduce system construction costs and operation and maintenance costs.
该方法优选包括如下步骤：The method preferably includes the following steps:
1)太阳能集热场吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到热机发电系统中进行发电和/或输送到储热放热系统中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar heat collecting field absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat engine power generation system for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for heat storage;
2)将太阳能集热场输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到热机发电系统进行发电，或者单独将储热放热系统放热得到的高温传热介质输送到热机发电系统中进行发电；2) simultaneously transferring the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system to the heat engine power generation system for power generation, or separately obtaining the heat release heat release system The high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat engine power generation system for power generation;
3)高温传热介质在热机发电系统中释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统再次进行换热升温。3) The low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy in the heat engine power generation system returns to the solar heat collecting field to collect heat again and/or returns to the heat storage and heat release system to heat up again.
优选地，所述传热介质为混有固体微粒的气体介质；所述固体微粒为无相变材料构成的无相变微粒，或者为由固体导热材料构成胶囊外壳、由相变材料构成胶囊填充物的相变胶囊微粒；所述热机发电系统进行发电的过程如下：先将混有固体微粒的高温气体介质中粒径超过热膨胀机进气要求(视具体的热膨胀机而定)的固体微粒过滤出来，得到的洁净气体介质送入热膨胀机中膨胀做功进行发电，再将做功后的洁净气体介质与过 滤出来的固体微粒进行混合得到混有固体微粒的低温气体介质。增加固体微粒可提高气体传热介质的传热效率，但粒径较大的微粒会导致热膨胀机的磨损，因此，高温气体传热介质在进入热膨胀机前需进行过滤，做功完毕后再与过滤下来的传热介质混合重新获得混有固体微粒的低温气体介质，送入太阳能集热场和/或储热放热系统进行加热。该方案采用微粒过滤器和射流引射装置实现在全封闭状况下对气体介质中的固体微粒进行分离与混合，最终实现含固体微粒气体介质整体闭式循环强化传热与热能输送的目的。Preferably, the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; the solid particles are non-phase-change particles composed of a phase change-free material, or a capsule shell composed of a solid heat conductive material, and a capsule filled with a phase change material. Phase change capsule particles; the heat engine power generation system performs the following process: firstly, the solid particles in the high temperature gas medium mixed with the solid particles exceed the heat source expansion requirements (depending on the specific thermal expander) When it comes out, the clean gas medium is sent to a thermal expander for expansion work to generate electricity, and then the clean gas medium after work is mixed with the filtered solid particles to obtain a low-temperature gas medium mixed with solid particles. The addition of solid particles can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the gas heat transfer medium, but the particles with larger particle size will cause the wear of the thermal expander. Therefore, the high temperature gas heat transfer medium needs to be filtered before entering the thermal expander, and then filtered after the work is completed. The resulting heat transfer medium is mixed to obtain a low temperature gaseous medium mixed with solid particles, which is sent to a solar heat collecting field and/or a heat storage and heat release system for heating. The solution adopts a particulate filter and a jet ejector to separate and mix the solid particles in the gas medium under the fully enclosed condition, and finally achieves the purpose of enhancing the heat transfer and heat energy transfer by the closed cycle of the solid particulate gas medium.
本发明其次提供了一种太阳能热机发电系统，在前述太阳能光热利用系统的基础上，采用热机发电系统作为热能利用系统，利用高温传热介质膨胀做功进行发电。The present invention provides a solar thermal power generation system. On the basis of the solar thermal utilization system described above, a thermal power generation system is used as a thermal energy utilization system, and a high temperature heat transfer medium is used for expansion to perform power generation.
优选地，所述热机发电系统具有热膨胀机、与热膨胀机联动的发电机、以及与热膨胀机配套的余热交换器，所述热膨胀机的热源输入端与高温传热介质母管相连，所述热膨胀机的热源输出端与余热交换器的传热介质入口相连，所述余热交换器的传热介质出口与低温传热介质母管相连，所述余热交换器的冷水输入端与用户冷水管系相连，所述余热交换器的热水输出端与用户暖水管系相连；所述热机发电系统还具有辅助加热锅炉，所述辅助加热锅炉的传热介质进口管与高温传热介质母管相连，所述辅助加热锅炉的传热介质出口管与热膨胀机的热源输入端相连。Preferably, the heat engine power generation system has a thermal expander, a generator coupled with the thermal expander, and a residual heat exchanger associated with the thermal expander, the heat source input end of the thermal expander being connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, the thermal expansion The heat source output end of the machine is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the cold water input end of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the user cold water pipe system The hot water output end of the residual heat exchanger is connected to a user warm water pipe system; the heat engine power generation system further has an auxiliary heating boiler, and the heat transfer medium inlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe. The heat transfer medium outlet pipe of the auxiliary heating boiler is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander.
优选地，所述热机发电系统还具有微粒过滤器、射流引射装置；所述微粒过滤器的混合介质输入端与高温传热介质母管相连，所述微粒过滤器的洁净介质输出端与热膨胀机的热源输入端相连，所述余热交换器的第一传热介质出口与射流引射装置的洁净介质输入端相连；所述微粒过滤器的固体微粒输出端与余热交换器的第二传热介质入口相连，所述余热交换器的第二传热介质出口与射流引射装置的固体微粒输入端相连，所述射流引射装置的混合介质输出端与低温传热介质母管相连。Preferably, the heat engine power generation system further has a particulate filter and a jet ejector; the mixed medium input end of the particulate filter is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube, and the clean medium output end of the particulate filter and thermal expansion The heat source input end of the machine is connected, and the first heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the clean medium input end of the jet ejector; the solid heat output end of the particulate filter and the second heat transfer of the residual heat exchanger The medium inlets are connected, and the second heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger is connected to the solid particle input end of the jet ejector, and the mixed medium output end of the jet ejector is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1)采用传热与储热分离的双回路系统，在太阳能集热场中采用传热介质循环吸收太阳能，在储热放热系统中通过储能介质与传热介质进行换热以储存或释放热能。在此过程中，储能介质只进行储热放热，不进行循环传热；传热介质只进行循环传热，不进行储热放热，储能介质和传热介质分离运行、各司其职，故储能和传热可分别选用高效储能介质和高效传热介质，具有储热与放热过程高效、可靠的优点。1) A double-loop system using heat and heat storage separation, using a heat transfer medium to absorb solar energy in a solar heat collecting field, and heat exchange in the heat storage and heat release system through the energy storage medium and the heat transfer medium to store or release Thermal energy. In this process, the energy storage medium only performs heat storage and heat release, and does not perform cyclic heat transfer; the heat transfer medium only performs cyclic heat transfer, does not perform heat storage and heat release, and the energy storage medium and the heat transfer medium are separated and operated. Therefore, energy storage and heat transfer can use high-efficiency energy storage medium and high-efficiency heat transfer medium respectively, which has the advantages of high efficiency and reliability of heat storage and heat release process.
2)整体系统采用可靠系统配置方案，太阳光热能充足时，通过传热介质循环高效储热；太阳光热能不足时，通过传热介质循环来高效放热供后续系统使用，在极端情况也能保证全天候发电或后续其他工艺系统的可靠运行。2) The whole system adopts a reliable system configuration scheme. When the solar thermal energy is sufficient, the heat storage medium circulates and efficiently stores heat; when the solar thermal energy is insufficient, the heat transfer medium circulates to efficiently dissipate heat for subsequent systems, and in extreme cases, Guarantee reliable operation of all-weather power generation or other subsequent process systems.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明所提供的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统的总体结构框图。1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar thermal utilization system provided by the present invention.
图2为实施例1所提供的太阳能光热利用系统的工艺示意图。2 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar thermal utilization system provided in Embodiment 1.
图3为图2中集热管的截面示意图。3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat collecting tube of FIG. 2.
图4为实施例1所提供的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法的判断流程示意图。4 is a schematic diagram showing the judgment flow of the heat and heat storage and heat separation type solar photothermal utilization method provided in the first embodiment.
图5为实施例2所提供的太阳能供暖系统的工艺示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 2.
图6为实施例3所提供的太阳能供暖系统的工艺示意图。6 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 3.
图7为实施例4所提供的太阳能供暖系统的工艺示意图。7 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 4.
图8为实施例5所提供的太阳能供暖系统的工艺示意图。8 is a schematic view showing the process of the solar heating system provided in Embodiment 5.
图中：In the picture:
太阳能集热场100，包括：低温传热介质母管101、高温传热介质母管102、备用旁管103、分布联箱104、太阳能集热器105、集热管106、压力控制阀107、第一备用切换阀108、第二备用切换阀109、玻璃套管110、金属内管111、内翅片112；The solar heat collecting field 100 includes: a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101, a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, a spare bypass tube 103, a distribution header 104, a solar heat collector 105, a heat collecting tube 106, a pressure control valve 107, and a a standby switching valve 108, a second standby switching valve 109, a glass sleeve 110, a metal inner tube 111, an inner fin 112;
储热放热系统200，包括：储热罐体201、中间切换阀202(含202a、202b、202c)、顶部切换阀203、底部切换阀204、中间区高温切换阀205、中间区低温切换阀206、中间区连接管207、储热输入阀208、集热返回阀209、热利用输入阀210、顶部填料区211、中间填料区212(含212a、212b、212c)、底部填料区213；The heat storage heat release system 200 includes: a heat storage tank body 201, an intermediate switching valve 202 (including 202a, 202b, 202c), a top switching valve 203, a bottom switching valve 204, an intermediate zone high temperature switching valve 205, and a middle zone low temperature switching valve. 206, intermediate zone connecting pipe 207, heat storage input valve 208, heat collecting return valve 209, heat utilization input valve 210, top packing zone 211, intermediate packing zone 212 (including 212a, 212b, 212c), bottom packing zone 213;
热能利用系统300，分为三类：The thermal energy utilization system 300 is divided into three categories:
1)用户供暖系统A300，包括用户冷水管系A303、用户暖水管系A304、气体补充入口A308、锅炉燃料入口A309、辅助供暖锅炉A312、供暖热交换器A313、传热介质进口管A320、传热介质出口管A321；1) User heating system A300, including user cold water pipe system A303, user warm water pipe system A304, gas supplement inlet A308, boiler fuel inlet A309, auxiliary heating boiler A312, heating heat exchanger A313, heat transfer medium inlet pipe A320, heat transfer Medium outlet pipe A321;
2)蒸汽发电系统B300，包括余热锅炉B301、再热器B302、汽轮机B303、冷凝装置B304、除氧回热器B305、水泵B306、发电机B307、气体补充入口B308、锅炉燃料入口B309、锅炉补水口B3102) Steam power generation system B300, including waste heat boiler B301, reheater B302, steam turbine B303, condensing unit B304, deaerator regenerator B305, water pump B306, generator B307, gas supplement inlet B308, boiler fuel inlet B309, boiler hydration Moutine B310
3)热机发电系统C300，包括微粒过滤器C301、射流引射装置C302、用户冷水管系C303、用户暖水管系C304、发电机C307、气体补充入口C308、锅炉燃料入口C309、热膨胀机C311、辅助加热锅炉C312、余热交换器C313、传热介质进口管C320、传热介质出口管C3213) Thermal machine power generation system C300, including particulate filter C301, jet ejector C302, user cold water pipe system C303, user warm water pipe system C304, generator C307, gas supplement inlet C308, boiler fuel inlet C309, thermal expander C311, auxiliary Heating boiler C312, residual heat exchanger C313, heat transfer medium inlet pipe C320, heat transfer medium outlet pipe C321
第一加压装置400、第二加压装置500First pressing device 400 and second pressing device 500
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1、2所示，本实施例所提供的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，包括太阳能集热场100、储热放热系统200、热能利用系统300、第一加压装置400和第二加压装置500。太阳能集热场100包括作为低温传热介质输入端的低温传热介质母管101和作为高温传热介质输出端的高温传热介质母管102。储热放热系统200和热能利用系统300并联布置在低温传热介质母管101与高温传热介质母管102之间。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system provided by the embodiment includes a solar heat collecting field 100, a heat storage and heat release system 200, a thermal energy utilization system 300, and a first pressing device. 400 and a second pressurizing device 500. The solar collector field 100 includes a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101 as an input end of a low temperature heat transfer medium and a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102 as an output end of a high temperature heat transfer medium. The heat storage exothermic system 200 and the thermal energy utilization system 300 are arranged in parallel between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101 and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102.
太阳能集热场100包括呈纵横向阵列布置的若干太阳能集热器105，每一纵向列中的各个太阳能集热器105共用一根分段串联贯通的集热管106，各根集热管106的输入端与低温传热介质母管101相连，各根集热管106的输出端与高温传热介质母管102相连。相邻两根集热管106之间通过若干间隔设置的分布联箱104横向贯通。太阳能集热场100的低温传热介质输入端与高温传热介质输出端之间设置有备用旁管103，其上设置有第一备用切换阀108、第二备用切换阀109，备用旁管103增加了管路系统的灵活性，可用于管道吹扫、传热介质回流等。各根集热管106上分别设置有一个压力控制阀107，实时调节整体系统气流流量分布，实现整体系统稳定可靠运行。此外，太阳能集热场100整体采用同程式并联布置，以减少传热介质在循环系统中的压降损失。太阳能集热场100的传热介质为带压气体介质，其中混有固体微粒，该固体微粒为由固体导热材料构成胶囊外壳、由相变材料构成胶囊填充物的相变胶囊微粒。如图3所示，集热管106包括玻璃套管110和金属内管111，金属内管111的内壁上设置有内翅片112。The solar collector field 100 includes a plurality of solar collectors 105 arranged in a longitudinal and lateral array, each of the solar collectors 105 in each longitudinal column sharing a heat collecting tube 106 connected in series, and the input of each collecting tube 106 The ends are connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 101, and the output ends of the respective heat collecting tubes 106 are connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102. The two adjacent heat collecting tubes 106 are laterally penetrated through a plurality of spaced distribution boxes 104. A backup bypass pipe 103 is disposed between the low temperature heat transfer medium input end of the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high temperature heat transfer medium output end, and a first standby switching valve 108, a second standby switching valve 109, and a spare bypass pipe 103 are disposed thereon. Increased flexibility in piping systems for pipeline purges, heat transfer media reflow, etc. Each of the heat collecting tubes 106 is respectively provided with a pressure control valve 107 to adjust the flow distribution of the entire system in real time, so as to achieve stable and reliable operation of the overall system. In addition, the solar collectors 100 are arranged in parallel in the same program to reduce the pressure drop of the heat transfer medium in the circulation system. The heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field 100 is a pressurized gas medium in which solid particles are mixed, and the solid particles are phase change capsule particles composed of a solid heat conductive material and a capsule filler composed of a phase change material. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat collecting tube 106 includes a glass sleeve 110 and a metal inner tube 111. The inner wall of the metal inner tube 111 is provided with inner fins 112.
储热放热系统200包括至少一个储热罐，采用多个储热罐时可将各储热罐进行串并联组合，各储热罐再分别采用本实施例提供的方法进行储热、放热。所述储热罐包括储热罐体201，储热罐体201的内腔按照填装储能介质的位置不同划分为依次连通的顶部填料区211、中间填料区212(包括212a、212b和212c)、以及底部填料区213。其中顶部填料区211通过顶部切换阀203与高温传热介质母管102相连，底部填料区213通过底部切换阀204与低温传热介质母管101相连，各个中间填料区212通过与其对应的各个中间切换阀202(包括202a、202b、202c)与中间区连接管207相连。中间区连接管207的一端通过中间区高温切换阀205与高温传热介质母管102相连，中间区连接管207的另一端通过中间区低温切换阀206与低温传热介质母管101相连。储能介质为高比热固体材料或相变储热材料，堆积在储热装置201内形成多孔结构。高比热固体材料可采用石英砂、铁砂、铸铁、铁矿石、鹅卵石中的一种或多种。相变储热材料包括固体导热材料构成的外壳和封装在外壳内的相变材料填充物。The heat storage and heat release system 200 includes at least one heat storage tank. When multiple heat storage tanks are used, the heat storage tanks can be combined in series and parallel, and each of the heat storage tanks is separately stored and heat-dissipated by the method provided in this embodiment. . The heat storage tank includes a heat storage tank body 201. The inner chamber of the heat storage tank body 201 is divided into a top filler zone 211 and an intermediate filler zone 212 (including 212a, 212b and 212c) which are sequentially connected according to the position of filling the energy storage medium. And an underfill region 213. The top packing zone 211 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102 through the top switching valve 203, and the bottom packing zone 213 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101 through the bottom switching valve 204, and each intermediate packing zone 212 passes through each intermediate portion corresponding thereto. The switching valve 202 (including 202a, 202b, 202c) is coupled to the intermediate zone connection tube 207. One end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe 207 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102 through the intermediate zone high temperature switching valve 205, and the other end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe 207 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101 through the intermediate zone low temperature switching valve 206. The energy storage medium is a high specific heat solid material or a phase change heat storage material, and is accumulated in the heat storage device 201 to form a porous structure. The high specific heat solid material may be one or more of quartz sand, iron sand, cast iron, iron ore, and pebbles. The phase change heat storage material comprises an outer casing composed of a solid heat conductive material and a phase change material filler encapsulated in the outer casing.
第一加压装置400、集热返回阀209设置在低温传热介质母管101对应于储热放热 系统200与太阳能集热场100之间的管段上。第二加压装置500设置在低温传热介质母管101对应于储热放热系统200与热能利用系统300之间的管段上。储热输入阀208、热利用输入阀210分别设置在高温传热介质母管102对应于太阳能集热场100与储热放热系统200之间、储热放热系统200与热能利用系统300之间的管段上。集热返回阀209、储热输入阀208、热利用输入阀210根据流程需要进行切换。The first pressurizing means 400 and the heat collecting return valve 209 are disposed on the pipe section between the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe 101 corresponding to the heat storage heat release system 200 and the solar heat collecting field 100. The second pressurizing device 500 is disposed on the pipe section between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101 corresponding to the heat storage heat release system 200 and the heat energy utilization system 300. The heat storage input valve 208 and the heat utilization input valve 210 are respectively disposed between the solar heat collecting medium 100 and the heat storage and heat release system 200, the heat storage heat release system 200 and the heat energy utilization system 300. On the pipe section. The heat collection return valve 209, the heat storage input valve 208, and the heat utilization input valve 210 are switched as needed according to the flow.
储热罐、高温传热介质母管102外表面采用高保温性能材料包裹，降低热量损耗。The outer surface of the heat storage tank and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102 is wrapped with a high heat insulating material to reduce heat loss.
如图4所示，本实施例同时提供了采用上述太阳能光热利用系统的进行太阳能光热利用的方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in FIG. 4, this embodiment simultaneously provides a method for performing solar thermal utilization using the solar thermal utilization system described above, including the following steps:
1)太阳能集热场100吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到热能利用系统300中进行利用和/或输送到储热放热系统200中与储能介质换热进行储热。低温传热介质进入太阳能集热场100温度为150℃～350℃，高温传热介质流出太阳能集热场100温度为200℃～800℃；传热介质系统循环压力为0.1Mpa～3MPa。1) The solar collector field 100 absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the resulting high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization and/or transport to the heat storage and heat release system 200 for heat exchange with the energy storage medium for storage. heat. The temperature of the low temperature heat transfer medium entering the solar heat collecting field 100 is 150 ° C ~ 350 ° C, the temperature of the high temperature heat transfer medium flowing out of the solar heat collecting field 100 is 200 ° C ~ 800 ° C; the heat transfer medium system circulating pressure is 0.1 Mpa ~ 3 MPa.
2)太阳能集热场100输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统200换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到热能利用系统300进行利用，或者单独将储热放热系统200放热得到的高温传热介质输送到热能利用系统300中进行利用；2) The high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system 200 are simultaneously transported to the heat energy utilization system 300 for use, or the heat storage heat release system 200 is separately placed. The heat-obtained high-temperature heat transfer medium is delivered to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization;
3)高温传热介质释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场100再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统200再次进行换热升温。通过以上方式实现传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用。3) The low temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy returns to the solar heat collecting field 100 to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system 200 to heat up again. The heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar photothermal utilization is realized by the above method.
具体而言，该方法按照如下判断策略选择储热、放热或热利用：Specifically, the method selects heat storage, heat release, or heat utilization according to the following judgment strategy:
1)判断有无光照条件，若无光照条件且热能利用系统300有热利用需求，则由储热放热系统200放热独立为热能利用系统300供热。1) Judging whether there is a light condition, if there is no light condition and the heat utilization system 300 has a heat utilization demand, the heat storage system 200 exotherms independently supplies heat to the heat energy utilization system 300.
2)若有光照条件，且热能利用系统300无热能需求，则太阳能集热场100输出的高温传热介质全部输入储热放热系统200进行储热。2) If there are lighting conditions, and the thermal energy utilization system 300 has no thermal energy demand, the high temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field 100 is all input to the heat storage heat release system 200 for heat storage.
3)若有光照条件，且热能利用系统300有热能需求，则对太阳能集热场100的集热量与热能利用系统300的热能需求量进行对比，根据比较结果进入4)、5)或6)。3) If there is illumination condition and the thermal energy utilization system 300 has thermal energy demand, the heat collection amount of the solar thermal collection field 100 is compared with the thermal energy requirement of the thermal energy utilization system 300, and according to the comparison result, 4), 5) or 6) .
4)若集热量大于热能需求，则太阳能集热场100输出的高温传热介质中满足热能利用系统300需求量的部分输送到热能利用系统300进行利用，超出的部分输送至储热放热系统200进行储热。4) If the collected heat is greater than the thermal energy demand, the portion of the high-temperature heat transfer medium output by the solar heat collecting field 100 that satisfies the demand of the thermal energy utilization system 300 is transferred to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization, and the excess portion is sent to the heat storage and heat release system. 200 for heat storage.
5)若集热量等于热能需求，则太阳能集热场100输出的高温传热介质全部输入热能利用系统300进行利用。5) If the collected heat is equal to the thermal energy demand, the high temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field 100 is all input to the thermal energy utilization system 300 for utilization.
6)若集热量小于热能需求，则将太阳能集热场100加热得到的高温传热介质与储 热放热系统200换热得到的高温传热介质同时输入热能利用系统300进行利用。6) If the heat collection amount is less than the heat energy demand, the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange of the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heating the solar heat collecting field 100 and the heat storage heat release system 200 is simultaneously input to the heat energy utilization system 300 for use.
储热放热系统200进行储热、放热的具体操作步骤如下：The specific operation steps of the heat storage and heat release system 200 for heat storage and heat release are as follows:
储热放热系统200在进行储热时，来自太阳能集热场100的高温传热介质首先从储热罐体201的顶部进入，依次通过顶部填料区211、中间填料区212a～212c和底部填料区213，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体201的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场100。当顶部填料区211温度升高到设定值时，高温传热介质切换为从顶部填料区211下方的第一个中间填料区212a进入，依次通过中间填料区212a、中间填料区212b、中间填料区212c和底部填料区213，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体201的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场100。当中间填料区212a温度升高到设定值时，高温传热介质切换为从第二个中间填料区212b进入，依次通过中间填料区212b、中间填料区212c和底部填料区213，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体201的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场100。依此类推，直至高温传热介质切换为从最下方的一个中间填料区212c进入，从底部填料区213流出，并使中间填料区212c或底部填料区213的温度(选择其一即可)升高到设定值，完成储热罐体201的储热，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体201的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场100。各阀门的具体切换顺序详见表1。When the heat storage exothermic system 200 performs heat storage, the high temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field 100 first enters from the top of the heat storage tank body 201, and sequentially passes through the top packing area 211, the intermediate packing areas 212a to 212c, and the underfill. In the region 213, the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat exchange cooling is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage tank 201 and returned to the solar heat collecting field 100. When the temperature of the top packing zone 211 rises to a set value, the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the first intermediate packing zone 212a below the top packing zone 211, passing through the intermediate packing zone 212a, the intermediate packing zone 212b, and the intermediate packing in sequence. The zone 212c and the bottom packing zone 213, the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange cooling, flows out from the bottom of the heat storage tank body 201 and returns to the solar heat collecting field 100. When the temperature of the intermediate packing zone 212a rises to a set value, the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone 212b, sequentially passing through the intermediate packing zone 212b, the intermediate packing zone 212c and the bottom packing zone 213, through heat exchange. The cooled low temperature heat transfer medium flows out from the bottom of the heat storage tank 201 and returns to the solar heat collecting field 100. And so on, until the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the lowermost intermediate packing zone 212c, flow out from the bottom packing zone 213, and the temperature of the intermediate packing zone 212c or the bottom packing zone 213 (select one) When the temperature reaches the set value, the heat storage of the heat storage tank 201 is completed, and the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat exchange cooling is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage tank 201 and returned to the solar heat collecting field 100. The specific switching sequence of each valve is shown in Table 1.
表1 储热放热系统在储热时阀门切换次序Table 1 Valve switching sequence of heat storage and heat release system during heat storage
Figure PCTCN2018095550-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018095550-appb-000001
注：上表中，若只进行储热，不进行热能利用，则210常闭；若二者同时进行，则210常开。Note: In the above table, if only heat storage is performed and thermal energy utilization is not used, 210 is normally closed; if both are performed simultaneously, 210 is normally open.
储热放热系统200在进行放热时，来自热能利用系统300的低温传热介质首先从储热罐体201的底部进入，依次通过底部填料区213、中间填料区212c、212b、212c和顶部填料区211，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体201的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统300。当底部填料区213温度降低到设定值时，低温传热介质切换为从底部填料区213上方的第一个中间填料区212c进入，依次通过中间填料区212c、中间填料 区212b、中间填料区212a和顶部填料区211，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体201的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统300。当第一个中间填料区212c温度降低到设定值时，低温传热介质切换为从第二个中间填料区212b进入，依次通过中间填料区212b、中间填料区212a和顶部填料区211，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体201的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统300。依此类推，直至低温传热介质切换为从最上方的一个中间填料区212a进入，从顶部填料区211流出，并使中间填料区212a或顶部填料区211的温度(选择其一即可)升高到设定值，完成储热罐体201的放热，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体201的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统300。各阀门的具体切换顺序详见表2。When the heat storage exothermic system 200 is performing heat release, the low temperature heat transfer medium from the thermal energy utilization system 300 first enters from the bottom of the thermal storage tank 201, passing through the bottom packing zone 213, the intermediate packing zones 212c, 212b, 212c and the top in sequence. The filler zone 211, the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300. When the temperature of the bottom packing zone 213 is lowered to a set value, the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the first intermediate packing zone 212c above the bottom packing zone 213, sequentially passing through the intermediate packing zone 212c, the intermediate packing zone 212b, and the intermediate packing zone. 212a and the top packing zone 211, the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300. When the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone 212c is lowered to a set value, the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone 212b, passing through the intermediate packing zone 212b, the intermediate packing zone 212a and the top packing zone 211, respectively. The high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300. And so on, until the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the uppermost intermediate packing zone 212a, flow out from the top packing zone 211, and the temperature of the intermediate packing zone 212a or the top packing zone 211 (select one) When the temperature reaches the set value, the heat release of the heat storage tank body 201 is completed, and the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat exchange temperature rises out from the top of the heat storage tank body 201 and enters the heat energy utilization system 300. The specific switching sequence of each valve is shown in Table 2.
表2 储热放热系统在放热时阀门切换次序Table 2 Valve switching sequence of heat storage and heat release system during heat release
Figure PCTCN2018095550-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018095550-appb-000002
注：上表中，若由储热放热系统单独供热，太阳能集热场不供热，则208、209常闭；若二者同时供热，则208、209常开。Note: In the above table, if the heat storage system is separately supplied with heat, and the solar collector field does not supply heat, 208 and 209 are normally closed; if both are heating at the same time, 208 and 209 are normally open.
当储热放热系统200储能不足或负荷太大或没有太阳能时，可进一步采用外供辅助燃料燃烧来提供热能，以满足热能利用系统300的需要。When the heat storage exothermic system 200 has insufficient energy storage or too much load or no solar energy, externally supplied auxiliary fuel combustion may be further utilized to provide thermal energy to meet the needs of the thermal energy utilization system 300.
本实施例以槽式太阳能发电系统为例，其工艺包括但不限于采用槽式、塔式、碟式等其他形式相类似的太阳能发电系统。In this embodiment, a trough solar power generation system is taken as an example, and the processes thereof include, but are not limited to, adopting other similar solar power generation systems such as a trough type, a tower type, and a dish type.
实施例2Example 2
如图5所示，本实施例在实施例1的基础上，将热能利用系统300具体为用户供暖系统A300，给出了一种太阳能供暖系统及方法。具体而言：As shown in FIG. 5, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the thermal energy utilization system 300 is specifically a user heating system A300, and a solar heating system and method are given. in particular:
用户供暖系统A300包括供暖热交换器A313和辅助供暖锅炉A312，供暖热交换器A313的热源输入端与高温传热介质母管102相连，供暖热交换器A313的热源输出端与低温传热介质母管101相连，供暖热交换器A313的冷水输入端与用户冷水管系A303相连，供暖热交换器A313的热水输出端与用户暖水管系A304相连；辅助供暖锅炉A312设置有用于补充燃料的锅炉燃料入口A309，辅助供暖锅炉A312的传热介质进口管 A320与高温传热介质母管102相连，辅助供暖锅炉A312的传热介质出口管A321与供暖热交换器A313的热源输入端相连。此外，第二加压装置500的入口端还设置有用于补充气体传热介质的气体补充入口A308。The user heating system A300 includes a heating heat exchanger A313 and an auxiliary heating boiler A312. The heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger A313 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, and the heat source output end of the heating heat exchanger A313 and the low temperature heat transfer medium mother The tube 101 is connected, the cold water input end of the heating heat exchanger A313 is connected to the user cold water pipe system A303, the hot water output end of the heating heat exchanger A313 is connected to the user warm water pipe system A304, and the auxiliary heating boiler A312 is provided with a boiler for refueling. The fuel inlet A309, the heat transfer medium inlet pipe A320 of the auxiliary heating boiler A312 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102, and the heat transfer medium outlet pipe A321 of the auxiliary heating boiler A312 is connected to the heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger A313. Further, the inlet end of the second pressurizing device 500 is further provided with a gas replenishing inlet A308 for replenishing the gas heat transfer medium.
用户供暖系统A300采用换热方式进行供暖，具体过程为：来自太阳能集热场100和/或储热放热系统200高温传热介质，在供暖热交换器A313中，与来自用户冷水管系A303的冷水进行换热，换热得到的热水通过用户暖水管系A304输出；在冬季连阴雨雪天气，若太阳能集热场100和储热放热系统200无法满足供暖需要，可通过补充燃料燃烧加热传热介质进行供暖，可保证冬季全天候供暖。The user heating system A300 uses the heat exchange method for heating, and the specific process is: high temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field 100 and/or the heat storage heat release system 200, in the heating heat exchanger A313, and the user cold water pipe system A303 The cold water exchanges heat, and the hot water obtained by the heat exchange is output through the user's warm water pipe system A304; in the rainy and snowy weather in winter, if the solar heat collecting field 100 and the heat storage heat release system 200 cannot meet the heating demand, the fuel can be heated by supplemental fuel. The heat transfer medium is heated to ensure all-weather heating in winter.
为节省篇幅，以上仅给出了本实施例相对于实施例1的独特之处，其余内容与实施例1相同。In order to save space, only the unique features of this embodiment with respect to Embodiment 1 are given above, and the rest are the same as Embodiment 1.
实施例3Example 3
如图6所示，本实施例在实施例1的基础上，将热能利用系统300具体为蒸汽发电系统B300，给出了一种太阳能蒸汽发电系统及方法。具体而言：As shown in FIG. 6, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the thermal energy utilization system 300 is specifically a steam power generation system B300, and a solar steam power generation system and method are given. in particular:
蒸汽发电系统B300包括余热锅炉B301、再热器B302、汽轮机B303、发电机B307、冷凝装置B304和除氧回热器B305。余热锅炉B301为集成有燃料加热功能的集成式锅炉，其内集成有用于辅助加热的燃烧器，并且设置有锅炉燃料入口B309和烟气出口。余热锅炉B301的加热侧输入端连接到高温传热介质母管102，余热锅炉B301的加热侧输出端连接到低温传热介质母管101。余热锅炉B301的水侧输入端通过水泵B306连接到除氧回热器B305的给水输出端，余热锅炉B301的水侧输出端与汽轮机B303的锅炉蒸汽输入端相连。汽轮机B303的乏汽输出端与冷凝装置B304的热侧输入端相连，汽轮机B303的抽气输出端与除氧回热器B305的抽气输入端相连，汽轮机B303的动力输出轴与发电机B307相连。冷凝装置B304的热侧输出端与除氧回热器B305的回水输入口相连。冷凝装置B304的冷侧通冷水对热侧的乏汽进行冷却，除氧回热器B305还设置有锅炉补水口B310。再热器B302的加热侧输入端连接到高温传热介质母管102，再热器B302的加热侧输出端连接到低温传热介质母管101。再热器B302的蒸汽侧输入端连接到汽轮机B303的再热蒸汽输出端，再热器B302的蒸汽侧输出端连接到汽轮机B303的再热蒸汽输入端。此外，第二加压装置500的入口端设置有气体补充入口B308。The steam power generation system B300 includes a waste heat boiler B301, a reheater B302, a steam turbine B303, a generator B307, a condensing device B304, and a deaerating regenerator B305. The waste heat boiler B301 is an integrated boiler integrated with a fuel heating function, which incorporates a burner for auxiliary heating, and is provided with a boiler fuel inlet B309 and a flue gas outlet. The heating side input end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102, and the heating side output end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101. The water side input end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the feed water output end of the deaeration regenerator B305 through the water pump B306, and the water side output end of the waste heat boiler B301 is connected to the boiler steam input end of the steam turbine B303. The exhaust steam output end of the steam turbine B303 is connected to the hot side input end of the condensing device B304, the pumping output end of the steam turbine B303 is connected to the pumping input end of the deaerator regenerator B305, and the power output shaft of the steam turbine B303 is connected to the generator B307. . The hot side output of the condensing unit B304 is connected to the return water inlet of the oxygen scavenger B305. The cold side of the condensing device B304 is cooled by the cold water to cool the steam on the hot side, and the deaerating regenerator B305 is further provided with a boiler water filling port B310. The heating side input end of the reheater B302 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium main pipe 102, and the heating side output end of the reheater B302 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe 101. The steam side input of reheater B302 is coupled to the reheat steam output of turbine B303, and the steam side output of reheater B302 is coupled to the reheat steam input of turbine B303. Further, the inlet end of the second pressurizing device 500 is provided with a gas replenishing inlet B308.
本实施例同时提供了采用上述太阳能蒸汽发电系统进行发电的方法，包括如下步骤：This embodiment also provides a method for generating electricity by using the above solar steam power generation system, comprising the following steps:
1)太阳能集热场100吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到 蒸汽发电系统B300中进行发电和/或输送到储热放热系统200中与储能介质换热进行储热。低温传热介质进入太阳能集热场100温度为150℃～350℃，高温传热介质流出太阳能集热场100温度为200℃～800℃；传热介质系统循环压力为0.1Mpa～3MPa。1) The solar collector field 100 absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the steam power generation system B300 for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system 200 to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for storage. heat. The temperature of the low temperature heat transfer medium entering the solar heat collecting field 100 is 150 ° C ~ 350 ° C, the temperature of the high temperature heat transfer medium flowing out of the solar heat collecting field 100 is 200 ° C ~ 800 ° C; the heat transfer medium system circulating pressure is 0.1 Mpa ~ 3 MPa.
2)太阳能集热场100输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统200换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到蒸汽发电系统B300进行发电，或者单独将储热放热系统200放热得到的高温传热介质输送到蒸汽发电系统B300中进行发电，高温传热介质释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场100再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统200再次进行换热升温。2) The high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system 200 are simultaneously sent to the steam power generation system B300 for power generation, or the heat storage heat release system 200 is separately placed. The hot high-temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the steam power generation system B300 for power generation, and the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy returns to the solar heat collecting field 100 to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system 200. The heat exchange is again raised.
3)步骤1)、步骤2)中，所述蒸汽发电系统B300利用高温传热介质加热生产蒸汽进行发电；3) In step 1) and step 2), the steam power generation system B300 uses a high temperature heat transfer medium to heat production steam to generate electricity;
当储热放热系统200储能不足或负荷太大或没有太阳能时，余热锅炉B301可通过燃烧燃料进行加热，以满足蒸汽发电系统B300的需要，保证全天候发电。When the heat storage exothermic system 200 has insufficient energy storage or too much load or no solar energy, the waste heat boiler B301 can be heated by burning fuel to meet the needs of the steam power generation system B300, and to ensure all-weather power generation.
为节省篇幅，以上仅给出了本实施例相对于实施例1的独特之处，其余内容与实施例1相同。In order to save space, only the unique features of this embodiment with respect to Embodiment 1 are given above, and the rest are the same as Embodiment 1.
实施例4Example 4
如图7所示，本实施例在实施例1的基础上，将热能利用系统300具体为热机发电系统C300，给出了一种太阳能热机发电系统及方法。具体而言：As shown in FIG. 7, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the thermal energy utilization system 300 is specifically a thermal power generation system C300, and a solar thermal power generation system and method are provided. in particular:
热机发电系统C300具有热膨胀机C311、与热膨胀机C311联动的发电机C307、以及与热膨胀机C311配套的余热交换器C313，热膨胀机C311的热源输入端与高温传热介质母管102相连，热膨胀机C311的热源输出端与余热交换器C313的传热介质入口相连，余热交换器C313的传热介质出口与低温传热介质母管101相连，余热交换器C313的冷水输入端与用户冷水管系C303相连，余热交换器C313的热水输出端与用户暖水管系C304相连；热机发电系统C300还具有辅助加热锅炉C312，辅助加热锅炉C312的传热介质进口管C320与高温传热介质母管102相连，辅助加热锅炉C312的传热介质出口管C321与热膨胀机C311的热源输入端相连，辅助加热锅炉C312上还设置有用于输入辅助燃料的锅炉燃料入口C309。此外，第二加压装置500的入口端设置有气体补充入口C308。The heat engine power generation system C300 has a thermal expander C311, a generator C307 coupled with the thermal expander C311, and a residual heat exchanger C313 associated with the thermal expander C311. The heat source input end of the thermal expander C311 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, and the thermal expander The heat source output end of C311 is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger C313, the heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 101, and the cold water input end of the residual heat exchanger C313 and the user cold water pipe system C303 Connected, the hot water output end of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the user warm water pipe system C304; the heat engine power generation system C300 further has an auxiliary heating boiler C312, and the heat transfer medium inlet pipe C320 of the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe 102. The heat transfer medium outlet pipe C321 of the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander C311, and the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is further provided with a boiler fuel inlet C309 for inputting the auxiliary fuel. Further, the inlet end of the second pressurizing device 500 is provided with a gas replenishing inlet C308.
本实施例同时提供了采用上述太阳能热机发电系统进行发电的方法，包括如下步骤：The embodiment also provides a method for generating electricity by using the above solar heat engine power generation system, comprising the following steps:
1)太阳能集热场100吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到 热机发电系统C300中进行发电和/或输送到储热放热系统200中与储能介质换热进行储热。低温传热介质进入太阳能集热场100温度为150℃～350℃，高温传热介质流出太阳能集热场100温度为200℃～800℃；传热介质系统循环压力为0.1Mpa～3MPa。1) The solar collector field 100 absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the heat engine power generation system C300 for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system 200 to exchange heat with the energy storage medium for storage. heat. The temperature of the low temperature heat transfer medium entering the solar heat collecting field 100 is 150 ° C ~ 350 ° C, the temperature of the high temperature heat transfer medium flowing out of the solar heat collecting field 100 is 200 ° C ~ 800 ° C; the heat transfer medium system circulating pressure is 0.1 Mpa ~ 3 MPa.
2)太阳能集热场100输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统200换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到热机发电系统C300进行发电，或者单独将储热放热系统200放热得到的高温传热介质输送到热机发电系统C300中进行发电，高温传热介质释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场100再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统200再次进行换热升温。2) The high-temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field 100 and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system 200 are simultaneously sent to the heat generating system C300 for power generation, or the heat storage and heat release system 200 is separately placed. The hot high-temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the heat engine power generation system C300 for power generation, and the low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy returns to the solar heat collecting field 100 to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system 200. The heat exchange is again raised.
3)步骤1)、步骤2)中，所述热机发电系统C300利用高温传热介质膨胀做功进行发电，其具体过程如下：3) In step 1) and step 2), the heat engine power generation system C300 uses high temperature heat transfer medium expansion work to generate electricity, and the specific process is as follows:
3.1)高温气体传热介质在热膨胀机C311内膨胀做功进行发电，做功后的气体传热介质通过余热交换器C313进行冷却并回收热量后，返回太阳能集热场100和/或储热放热系统200；余热交换器C313获得热量加热冷水得到热水，供用户使用；3.1) The high-temperature gas heat transfer medium is expanded and expanded in the thermal expander C311 to generate electricity. After the work, the gas heat transfer medium is cooled by the residual heat exchanger C313 and recovered, and then returned to the solar heat collecting field 100 and/or the heat storage and heat release system. 200; the residual heat exchanger C313 obtains heat to heat the cold water to obtain hot water for the user to use;
3.2)在连阴雨雪天气等特殊情况下，若太阳能集热场100和储热放热系统200无法满足发电需要，可通过辅助加热锅炉C312燃烧燃料补充供热，加热气体传热介质到合适温度后再送入热膨胀机C311中进行发电，保证全天候发电。3.2) Under special circumstances such as rain, rain and snow, if the solar collector 100 and the heat storage and exothermic system 200 cannot meet the power generation needs, the auxiliary heating boiler C312 can be used to burn the fuel to supplement the heat, and after heating the gas heat transfer medium to a suitable temperature. It is sent to the thermal expander C311 for power generation to ensure all-weather power generation.
为节省篇幅，以上仅给出了本实施例相对于实施例1的独特之处，其余内容与实施例1相同。In order to save space, only the unique features of this embodiment with respect to Embodiment 1 are given above, and the rest are the same as Embodiment 1.
实施例5Example 5
如图8所示，本实施例在实施例4的基础上，针对混有固体微粒的气体介质无法直接送入热膨胀机进行发电的问题，对热机发电系统C300进行了特别设计。As shown in Fig. 8, in the present embodiment, in addition to the problem of the fourth embodiment, the gas medium in which the solid particles are mixed cannot be directly fed into the thermal expander for power generation, and the heat engine power generation system C300 is specially designed.
该特别设计的热机发电系统C300中增设了微粒过滤器C301和射流引射装置C302。微粒过滤器C301的混合介质输入端与高温传热介质母管102相连，微粒过滤器C301的洁净介质输出端与热膨胀机C311的热源输入端相连。余热交换器C313的第一传热介质出口与射流引射装置C302的洁净介质输入端相连。微粒过滤器C301的固体微粒输出端与余热交换器C313的第二传热介质入口相连，余热交换器C313的第二传热介质出口与射流引射装置C302的固体微粒输入端相连。射流引射装置C302的混合介质输出端与低温传热介质母管101相连，射流引射装置C302的的固体微粒输入端还设置有用于补充传热介质(包括固体微粒)的气体补充入口C308。辅助加热锅炉C312的传热介质进口管C320与微粒过滤器C301的洁净介质输出端相连。A particulate filter C301 and a jet ejector C302 are added to the specially designed heat engine power generation system C300. The mixed medium input end of the particulate filter C301 is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube 102, and the clean medium output end of the particulate filter C301 is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander C311. The first heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the clean medium input end of the jet ejector C302. The solid particle output end of the particulate filter C301 is connected to the second heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger C313, and the second heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger C313 is connected to the solid particle input end of the jet ejector C302. The mixed medium output end of the jet ejector C302 is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main tube 101, and the solid particle input end of the jet ejector C302 is further provided with a gas replenishing inlet C308 for replenishing the heat transfer medium (including solid particles). The heat transfer medium inlet pipe C320 of the auxiliary heating boiler C312 is connected to the clean medium output end of the particulate filter C301.
以下对上述热机发电系统C300的工作过程进行说明：The following describes the working process of the above-mentioned heat engine power generation system C300:
1)混有固体微粒的高温气体传热介质在微粒过滤器C301内进行过滤，使得粒径超过热膨胀机C311进气要求的固体微粒被过滤出来，得到的洁净气体介质送入热膨胀机C311中膨胀做功进行发电；1) The high-temperature gas heat transfer medium mixed with the solid particles is filtered in the particulate filter C301, so that the solid particles having a particle diameter exceeding that of the heat expander C311 are filtered out, and the obtained clean gas medium is sent to the thermal expander C311 for expansion. Do work to generate electricity;
2)过滤得到的超要求固体微粒通过部分高温气体传热介质作为输送气体，与做功后的洁净气体介质分别通过余热交换器C313进行冷却并回收热量后在射流引射装置C302中混合得到混有固体微粒的低温气体介质，余热交换器C313获得热量加热冷水得到热水，供用户使用；2) The ultra-required solid particles obtained by filtration are passed through a part of the high-temperature gas heat transfer medium as a transport gas, and the cleaned gas medium after the work is cooled by the residual heat exchanger C313, and the heat is recovered, and then mixed in the jet ejector C302 to obtain a mixed a low-temperature gas medium of solid particles, and the heat exchanger C313 obtains heat to heat the cold water to obtain hot water for use by the user;
3)特殊情况下(例如连阴雨天气)，进入热机发电系统C300的气体传热介质温度不满足要求时，过滤得到的洁净气体介质先在辅助加热锅炉C312中被加热到合适温度后再送入热膨胀机C311中进行发电。3) Under special circumstances (such as continuous rainy weather), when the temperature of the gas heat transfer medium entering the heat engine power generation system C300 does not meet the requirements, the cleaned gas medium filtered is first heated to a suitable temperature in the auxiliary heating boiler C312 and then sent to the thermal expander. Power generation is performed in C311.
为节省篇幅，以上仅给出了本实施例相对于实施例4的独特之处，其余内容与实施例4相同。In order to save space, only the unique features of this embodiment with respect to Embodiment 4 are given above, and the rest are the same as Embodiment 4.

Claims (30)

  1. 一种传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，应用于包括太阳能集热场(100)、储热放热系统(200)和热能利用系统(300)的太阳能光热利用系统中，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：A heat and heat storage and heat separation solar thermal utilization method is applied to a solar thermal utilization system including a solar thermal field (100), a heat storage and heat release system (200), and a thermal energy utilization system (300), and the characteristics thereof Lie in: including the following steps:
    1)太阳能集热场(100)吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到热能利用系统(300)中进行利用和/或输送到储热放热系统(200)中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar collector field (100) absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the resulting high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the thermal energy utilization system (300) for utilization and/or transport to the heat storage and heat release system (200). The medium can exchange heat for heat storage;
    2)将所述太阳能集热场(100)输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统(200)换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到热能利用系统(300)进行利用，或者单独将储热放热系统(200)放热得到的高温传热介质输送到热能利用系统(300)中进行利用；2) simultaneously transferring the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field (100) and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system (200) to the heat energy utilization system (300), or The high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by exothermic heat storage and heat release system (200) is separately transferred to the heat energy utilization system (300) for utilization;
    3)高温传热介质在热能利用系统(300)中释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场(100)再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统(200)再次进行换热升温；3) The low temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy in the heat energy utilization system (300) returns to the solar heat collecting field (100) to perform heat collection again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system (200) for another change. Heat up
    通过以上方式实现传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用。The heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar photothermal utilization is realized by the above method.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，其特征在于：所述储热放热系统(200)进行储热时传热介质的流向与进行放热时传热介质的流向相反。The heat transfer and heat storage separation type solar thermal utilization method according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage and heat release system (200) performs a heat transfer medium during heat storage and a heat transfer medium during heat release. The flow is reversed.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，其特征在于：所述储热放热系统(200)进行储热时，传热介质从上往下流过储能介质；所述储热放热系统(200)进行放热时，传热介质从下往上流过储能介质。The method according to claim 2, wherein when the heat storage and heat release system (200) performs heat storage, the heat transfer medium flows from the top to the bottom through the energy storage medium; When the heat storage and heat release system (200) performs heat release, the heat transfer medium flows from the bottom to the top through the energy storage medium.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，其特征在于：所述储热放热系统(200)设置有多个填料分区，进行储热时，传热介质按分区同时或先后通过各填料分区进行储热；进行放热时，传热介质按分区同时或先后通过各填料分区获取热量。The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage and heat release system (200) is provided with a plurality of filler partitions, and when the heat storage is performed, the heat transfer medium is partitioned. At the same time or sequentially through the various partitions for heat storage; when the heat is released, the heat transfer medium receives heat through the partitions at the same time or sequentially.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，其特征在于：所述储热放热系统(200)包括储热罐体(201)，所述储热罐体(201)内按照填装储能介质的位置不同划分为依次连通的顶部填料区(211)、一个以上的中间填料区(212)、以及底部填料区(213)；所述储热放热系统(200)在进行储热时，来自太阳能集热场(100)的高温传热介质首先从储热罐体(201)的顶部进入，依次通过顶部填料区(211)、各中间填料区(212)和底部填料区(213)，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场(100)；The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization method according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage and heat release system (200) comprises a heat storage tank body (201), and the heat storage tank body (201) The top filler zone (211), the more than one intermediate filler zone (212), and the bottom filler zone (213) are sequentially connected according to the position of the filled energy storage medium; the heat storage and heat release system (200) When performing heat storage, the high temperature heat transfer medium from the solar heat collecting field (100) first enters from the top of the heat storage tank body (201), sequentially passes through the top packing area (211), each intermediate packing area (212), and The bottom packing area (213), the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange cooling is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage tank body (201) and returned to the solar heat collecting field (100);
    当顶部填料区(211)温度升高到设定值时，高温传热介质切换为从顶部填料区(211)下方的第一个中间填料区(212)进入，依次通过该第一个中间填料区(212)及其下方 的各中间填料区(212)和底部填料区(213)，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场(100)；When the temperature of the top packing zone (211) rises to a set value, the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the first intermediate packing zone (212) below the top packing zone (211), passing through the first intermediate packing in sequence. The zone (212) and each of the intermediate filler zone (212) and the underfill zone (213) below, the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange cooling flows out from the bottom of the heat storage tank body (201) and returns to the solar heat collecting field. (100);
    当第一个中间填料区(212)温度升高到设定值时，高温传热介质切换为从第二个中间填料区(212)进入，依次通过该第二个中间填料区(212)及其下方的各中间填料区(212)和底部填料区(213)，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场(100)；When the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone (212) rises to a set value, the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone (212), passing through the second intermediate packing zone (212) and The lower intermediate heat transfer medium (212) and the bottom packing area (213), which are cooled by heat exchange, flow out from the bottom of the heat storage tank body (201) and return to the solar heat collecting field (100);
    依此类推，直至高温传热介质切换为从最下方的一个中间填料区(212)进入，从底部填料区(213)流出，并使底部填料区(213)的温度升高到设定值，完成储热罐体(201)的储热，经换热降温得到的低温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的底部流出后返回太阳能集热场(100)。And so on, until the high temperature heat transfer medium is switched from entering the lowermost intermediate packing zone (212), flowing out of the bottom packing zone (213), and raising the temperature of the bottom packing zone (213) to a set value, The heat storage of the heat storage tank body (201) is completed, and the low temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange cooling is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage tank body (201) and returned to the solar heat collecting field (100).
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用方法，其特征在于：所述储热放热系统(200)在进行放热时，来自热能利用系统(300)的低温传热介质首先从储热罐体(201)的底部进入，依次通过底部填料区(213)、各中间填料区(212)和顶部填料区(211)，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统(300)；The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization method according to claim 5, wherein the heat storage and heat release system (200) receives low temperature heat transfer from the thermal energy utilization system (300) during heat release. The medium first enters from the bottom of the heat storage tank body (201), and sequentially passes through the bottom packing area (213), each intermediate packing area (212) and the top packing area (211), and the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heating is stored. The top of the hot tank (201) flows out and enters the thermal energy utilization system (300);
    当底部填料区(213)温度降低到设定值时，低温传热介质切换为从底部填料区(213)上方的第一个中间填料区(212)进入，依次通过该第一个中间填料区(212)及其上方的各中间填料区(212)和顶部填料区(211)，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统(300)；When the temperature of the bottom packing zone (213) is lowered to a set value, the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the first intermediate packing zone (212) above the bottom packing zone (213), passing through the first intermediate packing zone in sequence. (212) and each of the intermediate packing zone (212) and the top packing zone (211), the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heating flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body (201) and enters the heat energy utilization system (300) );
    当第一个中间填料区(212)温度降低到设定值时，低温传热介质切换为从第二个中间填料区(212)进入，依次通过该第二个中间填料区(212)及其上方的各中间填料区(212)和顶部填料区(211)，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统(300)；When the temperature of the first intermediate packing zone (212) is lowered to a set value, the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched to enter from the second intermediate packing zone (212), passing through the second intermediate packing zone (212) and The upper intermediate packing zone (212) and the top packing zone (211), the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer out from the top of the heat storage tank body (201) and enters the heat energy utilization system (300);
    依此类推，直至低温传热介质切换为从最上方的一个中间填料区(212)进入，从顶部填料区(211)流出，并使顶部填料区(211)的温度升高到设定值，完成储热罐体(201)的放热，经换热升温得到的高温传热介质从储热罐体(201)的顶部流出后进入热能利用系统(300)。And so on, until the low temperature heat transfer medium is switched from entering the uppermost intermediate packing zone (212), flowing out of the top packing zone (211), and raising the temperature of the top packing zone (211) to a set value, The heat release of the heat storage tank body (201) is completed, and the high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange heat transfer flows out from the top of the heat storage tank body (201) and enters the heat energy utilization system (300).
  7. 一种传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，包括太阳能集热场(100)、储热放热系统(200)、热能利用系统(300)、第一加压装置(400)和第二加压装置(500)，其特征在于：A heat transfer heat storage and separation solar energy heat utilization system, comprising a solar heat collecting field (100), a heat storage heat release system (200), a heat energy utilization system (300), a first pressurizing device (400) and a second Pressurizing device (500), characterized in that:
    所述太阳能集热场(100)包括作为低温传热介质输入端的低温传热介质母管(101) 和作为高温传热介质输出端的高温传热介质母管(102)；The solar heat collecting field (100) comprises a low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (101) as a low temperature heat transfer medium input end and a high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102) as a high temperature heat transfer medium output end;
    所述储热放热系统(200)和热能利用系统(300)并联布置在低温传热介质母管(101)与高温传热介质母管(102)之间；The heat storage heat release system (200) and the thermal energy utilization system (300) are arranged in parallel between the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (101) and the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102);
    所述储热放热系统(200)包括储热罐体(201)，所述储热罐体(201)内按照填装储能介质的位置不同划分为依次连通的顶部填料区(211)、一个以上的中间填料区(212)、以及底部填料区(213)；其中顶部填料区(211)通过顶部切换阀(203)与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，底部填料区(213)通过底部切换阀(204)与低温传热介质母管(101)相连，各个中间填料区(212)通过与其对应的各个中间切换阀(202)与中间区连接管(207)相连；The heat storage heat release system (200) includes a heat storage tank body (201), and the heat storage tank body (201) is divided into a top filler zone (211) that is sequentially connected according to a position where the energy storage medium is filled. More than one intermediate packing zone (212), and an underfill zone (213); wherein the top packing zone (211) is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium parent pipe (102) through a top switching valve (203), and the bottom packing zone (213) Connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe (101) through the bottom switching valve (204), each intermediate packing zone (212) is connected to the intermediate zone connecting pipe (207) through its corresponding intermediate switching valve (202);
    所述中间区连接管(207)的一端通过中间区高温切换阀(205)与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，所述中间区连接管(207)的另一端通过中间区低温切换阀(206)与低温传热介质母管(101)相连；One end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe (207) is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother pipe (102) through the intermediate zone high temperature switching valve (205), and the other end of the intermediate zone connecting pipe (207) passes through the intermediate zone low temperature switching valve (206) connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (101);
    所述第一加压装置(400)设置在低温传热介质母管(101)对应于储热放热系统(200)与太阳能集热场(100)之间的管段上；所述第二加压装置(500)设置在低温传热介质母管(101)对应于储热放热系统(200)与热能利用系统(300)之间的管段上。The first pressing device (400) is disposed on a pipe section of the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe (101) corresponding to the heat storage heat release system (200) and the solar heat collecting field (100); The pressing device (500) is disposed on a pipe section between the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe (101) corresponding to the heat storage heat release system (200) and the thermal energy utilization system (300).
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热场(100)包括呈纵横向阵列布置的若干太阳能集热器(105)，每一纵向列中的各个太阳能集热器(105)共用一根分段串联贯通的集热管(106)，各根集热管(106)的输入端与低温传热介质母管(101)相连，各根集热管(106)的输出端与高温传热介质母管(102)相连；相邻两根集热管(106)之间通过若干间隔设置的分布联箱(104)横向贯通。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 7, wherein said solar heat collecting field (100) comprises a plurality of solar thermal collectors (105) arranged in a longitudinal and lateral array, each Each of the solar collectors (105) in the longitudinal column shares a heat collecting tube (106) connected in series, and the input ends of the respective heat collecting tubes (106) are connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main tube (101). The output end of the heat collecting tube (106) is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102); the two adjacent heat collecting tubes (106) are transversely penetrated through a plurality of spaced distribution boxes (104).
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述集热管(106)为带有内翅片或内扩展肋片的集热管(106)。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 8, wherein the heat collecting tube (106) is a heat collecting tube (106) having inner fins or inner expanding fins.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：各根集热管(106)上分别设置有一个压力控制阀(107)。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 8, wherein each of the heat collecting tubes (106) is provided with a pressure control valve (107).
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热场(100)的传热介质为带压气体介质，所述带压气体介质包括空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、甲烷、水蒸气中的一种或多种；所述带压气体介质的循环压力不小于0.1Mpa。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 7, wherein the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field (100) is a pressurized gas medium, and the pressurized gas medium comprises air. One or more of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, and water vapor; the pressurized gas medium has a circulation pressure of not less than 0.1 MPa.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述传热介质为混有固体微粒的气体介质；所述固体微粒为无相变材料构成的无相变微 粒，或者为由固体导热材料构成胶囊外壳、由相变材料构成胶囊填充物的相变胶囊微粒。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 11, wherein the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; and the solid particles are phaseless formed of a phase change material. The variable particles are either phase change capsule particles composed of a solid heat conductive material and a capsule filler composed of a phase change material.
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热场(100)的传热介质为液体传热介质，所述液体传热介质包括导热油、水、氨水中的一种或多种。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 7, wherein the heat transfer medium of the solar heat collecting field (100) is a liquid heat transfer medium, and the liquid heat transfer medium comprises heat conduction. One or more of oil, water, and ammonia.
  14. 根据权利要求7所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述储能介质为高比热固体材料或相变储热材料，堆积在储热装置(201)内形成多孔结构。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 7, wherein the energy storage medium is a high specific heat solid material or a phase change heat storage material, and is accumulated in the heat storage device (201). A porous structure is formed.
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述高比热固体材料为石英砂、铁砂、铸铁、铁矿石、鹅卵石中的一种或多种；所述相变储热材料包括固体导热材料构成的外壳和封装在外壳内的相变材料填充物。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 14, wherein the high specific heat solid material is one or more of quartz sand, iron sand, cast iron, iron ore and pebbles; The phase change heat storage material comprises an outer casing composed of a solid heat conductive material and a phase change material filler encapsulated in the outer casing.
  16. 根据权利要求7所述的传热储热分离式太阳能光热利用系统，其特征在于：所述储能介质为液相储热材料；所述传热介质通过间接换热方式将热能储存到液相储热材料中或者从液相储热材料中获得热能。The heat transfer heat storage and separation type solar thermal utilization system according to claim 7, wherein the energy storage medium is a liquid phase heat storage material; and the heat transfer medium stores heat energy into the liquid by indirect heat exchange. Thermal energy is obtained in the phase storage heat material or from the liquid phase heat storage material.
  17. 一种利用如权利要求1～6中任一项所述太阳能光热利用方法进行供暖的太阳能供暖方法，其特征在于：所述热能利用系统(300)采用用户供暖系统(A300)，所获取的热量用于供暖。A solar heating method for heating by the solar thermal utilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thermal energy utilization system (300) adopts a user heating system (A300), and the obtained Heat is used for heating.
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的太阳能供暖方法，其特征在于：The solar heating method according to claim 17, wherein:
    包括如下步骤：Including the following steps:
    1)所述太阳能集热场(100)吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到用户供暖系统(A300)中进行供暖和/或输送到储热放热系统(200)中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar heat collecting field (100) absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the user heating system (A300) for heating and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system (200). Heat exchange with an energy storage medium for heat storage;
    2)将所述太阳能集热场(100)输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统(200)换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到用户供暖系统(A300)进行供暖，或者单独将储热放热系统(200)放热得到的高温传热介质输送到用户供暖系统(A300)中进行供暖；2) simultaneously conveying the high-temperature heat transfer medium outputted by the solar heat collecting field (100) and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system (200) to the user heating system (A300) for heating, or The high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by exothermic heat storage and heat release system (200) is separately sent to the user heating system (A300) for heating;
    3)高温传热介质在供暖系统(A300)与冷水换热释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场(100)再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统(200)再次进行换热升温，冷水经换热升温后得到的热水输送给用户使用。3) The high temperature heat transfer medium is obtained by the heat transfer medium (A300) and the cold water heat transfer heat release medium is returned to the solar heat collecting field (100) to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system (200) again. The heat exchange is heated, and the hot water obtained by the heat exchange of the cold water is sent to the user for use.
  19. 一种利用如权利要求7～16中任一项所述太阳能光热利用系统进行供暖的太阳能供暖系统，其特征在于：所述热能利用系统(300)采用用户供暖系统(A300)，所述用户供暖系统(A300)具有供暖热交换器(A313)，所述供暖热交换器(A313)的 热源输入端与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，所述供暖热交换器(A313)的热源输出端与低温传热介质母管(101)相连，所述供暖热交换器(A313)的冷水输入端与用户冷水管系(A303)相连，所述供暖热交换器(A313)的热水输出端与用户暖水管系(A304)相连；所述用户供暖系统(A300)还具有辅助供暖锅炉(A312)，所述辅助供暖锅炉(A312)的传热介质进口管(A320)与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，所述辅助供暖锅炉(A312)的传热介质出口管(A321)与供暖热交换器(A313)的热源输入端相连。A solar heating system for heating by the solar thermal utilization system according to any one of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the thermal energy utilization system (300) employs a user heating system (A300), the user The heating system (A300) has a heating heat exchanger (A313), and a heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger (A313) is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102), and the heat source of the heating heat exchanger (A313) The output end is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe (101), and the cold water input end of the heating heat exchanger (A313) is connected to the user cold water pipe system (A303), and the hot water output of the heating heat exchanger (A313) The end is connected to the user warm water pipe system (A304); the user heating system (A300) further has an auxiliary heating boiler (A312), a heat transfer medium inlet pipe (A320) of the auxiliary heating boiler (A312) and a high temperature heat transfer medium. The mother pipe (102) is connected, and the heat transfer medium outlet pipe (A321) of the auxiliary heating boiler (A312) is connected to the heat source input end of the heating heat exchanger (A313).
  20. 一种利用如权利要求1～6中任一项所述太阳能光热利用方法进行发电的太阳能蒸汽发电方法，其特征在于：所述热能利用系统(300)采用蒸汽发电系统(B300)，所获取的热量用于生产蒸汽进行发电。A solar steam power generation method for generating electricity by using the solar thermal utilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal energy utilization system (300) is obtained by using a steam power generation system (B300). The heat is used to produce steam for power generation.
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的太阳能蒸汽发电方法，其特征在于：The solar steam power generation method according to claim 20, wherein:
    包括如下步骤：Including the following steps:
    1)太阳能集热场(100)吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到蒸汽发电系统(B300)中进行发电和/或输送到储热放热系统(200)中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar collector field (100) absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the steam power generation system (B300) for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system (200). The medium can exchange heat for heat storage;
    2)将太阳能集热场(100)输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统(200)换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到蒸汽发电系统(B300)进行发电，或者单独将储热放热系统(200)放热得到的高温传热介质输送到蒸汽发电系统(B300)中进行发电；2) The high-temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field (100) and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system (200) are simultaneously sent to the steam power generation system (B300) for power generation, or alone The high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat release of the heat storage exothermic system (200) is sent to the steam power generation system (B300) for power generation;
    3)高温传热介质在蒸汽发电系统(B300)中释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场(100)再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统(200)再次进行换热升温；3) High-temperature heat transfer medium The low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after releasing heat energy in the steam power generation system (B300) is returned to the solar heat collecting field (100) to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system (200) for another change. Heat up
    上述步骤中，所述蒸汽发电系统(B300)利用高温传热介质加热生产蒸汽进行发电；所述传热介质为带压气体介质，所述带压气体介质包括空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、甲烷、水蒸气中的一种或多种。In the above steps, the steam power generation system (B300) uses a high-temperature heat transfer medium to heat the production steam to generate electricity; the heat transfer medium is a pressurized gas medium, and the pressurized gas medium includes air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, One or more of methane and water vapor.
  22. 一种利用如权利要求7～16中任一项所述太阳能光热利用系统进行发电的太阳能蒸汽发电系统，其特征在于：所述热能利用系统(300)采用蒸汽发电系统(B300)。A solar steam power generation system for generating electricity using the solar thermal utilization system according to any one of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the thermal energy utilization system (300) employs a steam power generation system (B300).
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的太阳能蒸汽发电系统，其特征在于：所述蒸汽发电系统(B300)包括余热锅炉(B301)、汽轮机(B303)、发电机(B307)、冷凝装置(B304)和除氧回热器(B305)；所述余热锅炉(B301)为集成有燃料加热、传热介质换热功能的集成式锅炉，所述余热锅炉(B301)的加热侧输入端连接到高温传热介质母管(102)，所述余热锅炉(B301)的加热侧输出端连接到低温传热介质母管(101)；所述余热锅炉(B301)的水侧输入端通过水泵(B306)连接到除氧回热器(B305)的给水输出端，所述余热锅炉(B301)的水侧输出端与汽轮机(B303)的锅炉蒸汽输入 端相连；所述汽轮机(B303)的乏汽输出端与冷凝装置(B304)的热侧输入端相连，所述汽轮机(B303)的抽气输出端与除氧回热器(B305)的抽气输入端相连，所述汽轮机(B303)的动力输出轴与发电机(B307)相连；所述冷凝装置(B304)的热侧输出端与除氧回热器(B305)的回水输入口相连。The solar steam power generation system according to claim 22, wherein said steam power generation system (B300) comprises a waste heat boiler (B301), a steam turbine (B303), a generator (B307), a condensing device (B304), and oxygen removal. a regenerator (B305); the waste heat boiler (B301) is an integrated boiler integrated with a fuel heating and heat transfer medium heat exchange function, and the heating side input end of the waste heat boiler (B301) is connected to a high temperature heat transfer medium mother a tube (102), the heating side output end of the waste heat boiler (B301) is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main tube (101); the water side input end of the waste heat boiler (B301) is connected to the oxygen removal by a water pump (B306) The water supply output end of the regenerator (B305), the water side output end of the waste heat boiler (B301) is connected to the boiler steam input end of the steam turbine (B303); the steam exhaust output end of the steam turbine (B303) and the condensing device ( The hot side input end of B304) is connected, and the pumping output end of the steam turbine (B303) is connected to the pumping input end of the deaerating regenerator (B305), and the power output shaft and the generator of the steam turbine (B303) B307) connected; the hot side output of the condensing device (B304) and the deaerating regenerator (B305) The return water input port is connected.
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的太阳能蒸汽发电系统，其特征在于：所述蒸汽发电系统(B300)还包括再热器(B302)，所述再热器(B302)的加热侧输入端连接到高温传热介质母管(102)，所述再热器(B302)的加热侧输出端连接到低温传热介质母管(101)；所述再热器(B302)的蒸汽侧输入端连接到汽轮机(B303)的再热蒸汽输出端，所述再热器(B302)的蒸汽侧输出端连接到汽轮机(B303)的再热蒸汽输入端。The solar steam power generation system according to claim 23, wherein said steam power generation system (B300) further comprises a reheater (B302), and said heating side input end of said reheater (B302) is connected to said high temperature transmission a heat medium mother tube (102), the heating side output end of the reheater (B302) is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (101); the steam side input end of the reheater (B302) is connected to the steam turbine ( The reheat steam output of B303), the steam side output of the reheater (B302) is connected to the reheat steam input of the steam turbine (B303).
  25. 一种利用如权利要求1～6中任一项所述太阳能光热利用方法进行发电的太阳能热机发电方法，其特征在于：所述热能利用系统(300)采用热机发电系统(C300)，所述热机发电系统通过高温传热介质膨胀做功进行发电；所述传热介质为循环压力不小于0.1Mpa的带压气体介质，所述气体介质包括空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、甲烷、水蒸气中的一种或多种。A solar thermal power generation method for generating electricity by using the solar thermal utilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal energy utilization system (300) employs a thermal power generation system (C300), The heat engine power generation system generates electricity by expanding a high-temperature heat transfer medium; the heat transfer medium is a pressurized gas medium having a circulation pressure of not less than 0.1 MPa, and the gas medium includes air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, methane, and water vapor. One or more.
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的太阳能热机发电方法，其特征在于：The solar thermal power generation method according to claim 25, wherein:
    包括如下步骤：Including the following steps:
    1)太阳能集热场(100)吸收太阳能并加热低温传热介质，所得高温传热介质输送到热机发电系统(C300)中进行发电和/或输送到储热放热系统(200)中与储能介质换热进行储热；1) The solar collector field (100) absorbs solar energy and heats the low temperature heat transfer medium, and the obtained high temperature heat transfer medium is transported to the heat engine power generation system (C300) for power generation and/or transportation to the heat storage and heat release system (200). The medium can exchange heat for heat storage;
    2)将太阳能集热场(100)输出的高温传热介质与经由储热放热系统(200)换热升温得到的高温传热介质同时输送到热机发电系统(C300)进行发电，或者单独将储热放热系统(200)放热得到的高温传热介质输送到热机发电系统(C300)中进行发电；2) The high-temperature heat transfer medium output from the solar heat collecting field (100) and the high-temperature heat transfer medium obtained by heat exchange and heat transfer through the heat storage and heat release system (200) are simultaneously sent to the heat engine power generation system (C300) for power generation, or separately The high temperature heat transfer medium obtained by the heat release of the heat storage and heat release system (200) is sent to the heat engine power generation system (C300) for power generation;
    3)高温传热介质在热机发电系统(C300)中释放热能后得到的低温传热介质返回太阳能集热场(100)再次进行集热和/或返回储热放热系统(200)再次进行换热升温。3) The low-temperature heat transfer medium obtained after the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases the heat energy in the heat engine power generation system (C300) returns to the solar heat collecting field (100) to collect heat again and/or return to the heat storage heat release system (200) for another change. Heat rises.
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的太阳能热机发电方法，其特征在于：所述传热介质采用混有固体微粒的气体介质；所述固体微粒为无相变材料构成的无相变微粒，或者为由固体导热材料构成胶囊外壳、由相变材料构成胶囊填充物的相变胶囊微粒；所述热机发电系统(C300)进行发电的过程如下：先将混有固体微粒的高温气体介质中粒径超过热膨胀机(C311)进气要求的固体微粒过滤出来，得到的洁净气体介质送入热膨胀机(C311)中膨胀做功进行发电，再将做功后的洁净气体介质与过滤出来的固体微粒进行混合得到混有固体微粒的低温气体介质，送回太阳能集热场(100)和/或储热放热系 统(200)进行循环。The solar thermal power generation method according to claim 26, wherein the heat transfer medium is a gas medium mixed with solid particles; the solid particles are non-phase-change particles composed of a phase change-free material, or are solids. The heat conductive material constitutes a capsule shell, and the phase change capsule particles composed of the phase change material constitutes a capsule filling; the heat generating system (C300) performs power generation as follows: first, the particle size of the high temperature gas medium mixed with the solid particles exceeds the thermal expander (C311) The solid particles required for the intake air are filtered out, and the obtained clean gas medium is sent to a thermal expander (C311) for expansion work to generate electricity, and then the cleaned gas medium after the work is mixed with the filtered solid particles to obtain a mixed solid. The low temperature gaseous medium of the particles is returned to the solar collector field (100) and/or the heat storage exothermic system (200) for circulation.
  28. 一种利用如权利要求7～16中任一项所述太阳能光热利用系统进行发电的太阳能热机发电系统，其特征在于：所述热能利用系统(300)采用热机发电系统(C300)，所述热机发电系统(C300)具有热膨胀机(C311)、与热膨胀机(C311)联动的发电机(C307)、以及与热膨胀机(C311)配套的余热交换器(C313)，所述热膨胀机(C311)的热源输入端与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，所述热膨胀机(C311)的热源输出端与余热交换器(C313)的传热介质入口相连，所述余热交换器(C313)的传热介质出口与低温传热介质母管(101)相连，所述余热交换器(C313)的冷水输入端与用户冷水管系(C303)相连，所述余热交换器(C313)的热水输出端与用户暖水管系(C304)相连。A solar thermal power generation system for generating electricity by using the solar thermal utilization system according to any one of claims 7 to 16, wherein the thermal energy utilization system (300) employs a thermal power generation system (C300), The heat engine power generation system (C300) has a thermal expander (C311), a generator (C307) associated with the thermal expander (C311), and a residual heat exchanger (C313) associated with the thermal expander (C311), the thermal expander (C311) The heat source input end is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102), and the heat source output end of the heat expander (C311) is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger (C313), and the residual heat exchanger (C313) The heat transfer medium outlet is connected to the low temperature heat transfer medium main pipe (101), and the cold water input end of the residual heat exchanger (C313) is connected to the user cold water pipe system (C303), and the hot water output of the residual heat exchanger (C313) The end is connected to the user's warm water pipe system (C304).
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的太阳能热机发电系统，其特征在于：所述热机发电系统(C300)还具有辅助加热锅炉(C312)，所述辅助加热锅炉(C312)的传热介质进口管(C320)与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，所述辅助加热锅炉(C312)的传热介质出口管(C321)与热膨胀机(C311)的热源输入端相连。The solar thermal power generation system according to claim 28, wherein said heat engine power generation system (C300) further has an auxiliary heating boiler (C312), and a heat transfer medium inlet pipe (C320) of said auxiliary heating boiler (C312) Connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102), the heat transfer medium outlet tube (C321) of the auxiliary heating boiler (C312) is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander (C311).
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的太阳能热机发电系统，其特征在于：所述热机发电系统(C300)还具有微粒过滤器(C301)、射流引射装置(C302)；所述微粒过滤器(C301)的混合介质输入端与高温传热介质母管(102)相连，所述微粒过滤器(C301)的洁净介质输出端与热膨胀机(C311)的热源输入端相连，所述余热交换器(C313)的第一传热介质出口与射流引射装置(C302)的洁净介质输入端相连；所述微粒过滤器(C301)的固体微粒输出端与余热交换器(C313)的第二传热介质入口相连，所述余热交换器(C313)的第二传热介质出口与射流引射装置(C302)的固体微粒输入端相连，所述射流引射装置(C302)的混合介质输出端与低温传热介质母管(101)相连。The solar heat engine power generation system according to claim 28, wherein said heat engine power generation system (C300) further has a particulate filter (C301), a jet ejector (C302), and said particulate filter (C301) The mixed medium input end is connected to the high temperature heat transfer medium mother tube (102), and the clean medium output end of the particulate filter (C301) is connected to the heat source input end of the thermal expander (C311), and the residual heat exchanger (C313) The first heat transfer medium outlet is connected to the clean medium input end of the jet ejector (C302); the solid particle output end of the particulate filter (C301) is connected to the second heat transfer medium inlet of the residual heat exchanger (C313), The second heat transfer medium outlet of the residual heat exchanger (C313) is connected to the solid particle input end of the jet ejector (C302), and the mixed medium output end of the jet ejector (C302) and the low temperature heat transfer medium The tubes (101) are connected.
PCT/CN2018/095550 2017-07-14 2018-07-13 Heat-transfer and heat-storage separation method and system for solar photothermal utilization WO2019011309A1 (en)

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CN201710576956.XA CN107388598A (en) 2017-07-14 2017-07-14 Conduct heat heat accumulation detachable solar solar thermal utilization method and system
CN201710575443.7A CN107191341A (en) 2017-07-14 2017-07-14 All-weather solar electricity-generating method and system based on gas augmentation of heat transfer
CN201710576957.4A CN107449026A (en) 2017-07-14 2017-07-14 High-efficiency solar heating method and system based on stagewise heat accumulation heat release
CN201710576955.5 2017-07-14
CN201710575443.7 2017-07-14
CN201710576955.5A CN107401488A (en) 2017-07-14 2017-07-14 All-weather solar electricity-generating method and system based on whole operation with pressure
CN201710576954.0A CN107191342A (en) 2017-07-14 2017-07-14 All-weather solar electricity-generating method and system based on heat engine expansion work
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