CN111102142A - A tower solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid - Google Patents
A tower solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于超临界流体的塔式太阳能热发电系统，包括三个子系统和发电机，子系统分别为集热系统、传热储热系统和热力循环系统；集热系统包括布置于光照充足区域的定日镜场，和用于吸收来自定日镜场反射的太阳光的集热器；传热储热系统由集热器、高温储热器、热交换器、低温储热器和进料泵通过管道依次首尾相连组成，传热储热系统内的工质为超临界碳氢化合物；热力循环系统由热交换器、汽轮机、冷凝器和压缩机通过管道依次首尾相连组成，热力循环系统中的循环工质为超临界CO2，汽轮机与发电机同轴相连。本发明所提出的技术方案能提高塔式太阳能热电站的能量转换效率，提升系统的安全稳定性，并降低发电成本。
The invention discloses a tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid, comprising three subsystems and a generator. The subsystems are respectively a heat collection system, a heat transfer and heat storage system and a thermodynamic circulation system; A field of heliostats in a well-lit area, and a collector for absorbing sunlight reflected from the field of heliostats; a heat transfer and heat storage system consists of a collector, a high-temperature storage, a heat exchanger, and a low-temperature storage The heat transfer and heat storage system is composed of supercritical hydrocarbons; the thermal cycle system is composed of heat exchangers, steam turbines, condensers and compressors connected end to end through pipelines. The circulating working medium in the circulating system is supercritical CO 2 , and the steam turbine and the generator are coaxially connected. The technical scheme proposed by the present invention can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the tower solar thermal power station, improve the safety and stability of the system, and reduce the cost of power generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar thermal power generation, and relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid.
Background
Solar energy utilization techniques include photovoltaic power generation, thermal power generation, and other forms of heat utilization techniques. Among these technologies, a solar thermal power generation technology (also referred to as a photothermal power generation technology) has an extremely important meaning. Solar thermal power generation is a conversion process of light-heat-electricity, and firstly, direct radiation energy of solar energy is gathered on a heat absorber to heat transfer fluid in the heat absorber, so that the light energy is converted into heat energy. Then, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated by utilizing the heat energy of the heat transfer fluid, and the conversion from the heat energy to the electric energy is realized through a steam turbine generator set. The solar thermal power generation technology has the unique advantages that other new energy sources are difficult to replace. Firstly, the solar thermal generator set can keep continuous and stable operation by configuring the heat storage system and is not influenced by illumination change, and if the capacity of the heat storage system is large enough, the solar thermal generator set can realize 24-hour continuous power generation. And secondly, the solar thermal power generator unit can rapidly adjust the output of the steam turbine generator unit according to the requirement of the power load of the power grid, namely participating in primary frequency modulation and secondary frequency modulation of the power grid. And thirdly, the solar thermal power generation has stable power output and good regulation performance, is suitable for the concentrated large-scale construction of a solar power generation base, and replaces a coal-fired unit as a main unit in a power system. Therefore, the solar thermal power generation technology can play an extremely important role in the future world energy structure, especially in the future national energy structure.
The solar photo-thermal power generation mainly comprises the forms of groove type, tower type, linear Fresnel type, disc type and the like. Among the technical forms, the tower type technology has the advantages of high light condensation multiple, high heat collection temperature, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency and the like, and is a mainstream technology of large-scale solar photo-thermal power generation. At present, the mainstream technical route of tower type solar thermal power generation is as follows: reflecting sunlight to an absorber arranged at the top of the high tower by utilizing a plurality of directional mirrors for independently tracking the sunlight to heat the heat transfer fluid in the absorber; in the heat exchanger, the heat transfer fluid transfers energy to water to generate high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam; the superheated steam drives the turbine to drive the generator, thereby producing electricity.
The tower solar technology has higher requirements on the working temperature, the operating pressure, the safety (flammability, explosiveness, toxicity and the like), the acquisition cost, the compatibility with pipeline materials and the like of the heat transfer fluid. In the current tower type solar photo-thermal power station, the heat transfer fluid which is most widely applied is high-temperature molten salt. Although molten salt is widely used as a heat transfer and storage medium by virtue of the advantages of low use temperature, low cost, easy obtainment and the like, the molten salt also has the problems of pipe blockage risk caused by high solidification point, leakage risk caused by strong corrosion at high temperature, complex heat preservation and the like. Therefore, a heat transfer fluid with better comprehensive performance is continuously searched, and the method has important significance for promoting the safety and stability of the tower type solar power station. In recent years, due to the development of supercritical technology, supercritical fluid becomes a novel heat transfer fluid, has good application in many fields, and has wide application prospect in tower type solar power station technology.
At present, the conventional thermal power generation technology is still utilized in the 'heat-electricity' conversion link in a solar tower power station, namely, Rankine cycle is utilized to realize conversion from heat energy to mechanical energy and then to electric energy. However, the efficiency of the rankine cycle is unsatisfactory due to the limitations of the steam parameters. Therefore, researchers are continuously exploring new and efficient thermodynamic cycle systems to improve the conversion efficiency of energy. In recent years, supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle gradually becomes a research hotspot, and the phase state of a working medium does not change in the cycle, so that the compression work is greatly reduced, and the cycle efficiency is remarkably improved.
Therefore, the invention provides a novel tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid, which solves the problems that in the prior art, a heat transfer medium in a heat transfer and heat storage system has the risk of pipe blockage due to high solidification point, leakage due to strong corrosion at high temperature and complex and difficult heat preservation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the tower type solar thermal power generation system based on the supercritical fluid comprises three subsystems and a generator, wherein the subsystems are respectively a heat collection system, a heat transfer and storage system and a thermal circulation system; the heat collecting system comprises a heliostat field arranged in a region with sufficient illumination and a heat collector used for absorbing sunlight reflected from the heliostat field; the heat transfer and storage system is formed by sequentially connecting a heat collector, a high-temperature heat reservoir, a heat exchanger, a low-temperature heat reservoir and a feed pump end to end through pipelines, and a working medium in the heat transfer and storage system is a supercritical hydrocarbon; the thermodynamic cycle system consists of heat exchanger, steam turbine, condenser and compressor connected successively in end-to-end mode via pipeline, and the circulating medium in the thermodynamic cycle system is supercritical CO2And the steam turbine is connected with the generator in a driving way.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the cycle operation process of the heat transfer and storage system is as follows: the supercritical hydrocarbon absorbs solar light energy gathered by a heliostat field in the heat collector, then the high-temperature heat reservoir stores the high-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon which flows out after absorbing heat in the heat collector, then the high-temperature hydrocarbon in the heat exchanger transfers the energy to a circulating working medium in a thermodynamic cycle system, then the low-temperature heat reservoir stores the low-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon which flows out after exchanging heat by the heat exchanger, and the feed pump boosts the pressure of the low-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon and then conveys the low-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon into the heat collector to absorb solar energy again.
The circulation operation process of the thermodynamic circulation system comprises the following steps: high temperature supercritical hydrocarbons in heat exchangers transferring energy to supercritical CO in thermodynamic cycle systems2So as to make supercritical CO2The temperature and the pressure are increased, then the turbine blade is pushed to do work, and the supercritical CO is converted into the CO2The carried heat energy is converted into mechanical energy of a steam turbine, the steam turbine drives a generator which is coaxially connected with the steam turbine to generate electricity, and a condenser arranged at the outlet of the steam turbine is used for converting the supercritical CO which does work2Condensing at constant pressure, and then subjecting the supercritical CO to a compressor disposed after the condenser2The compression is carried out in an isentropic way, so that the pressure is increased and the heat is absorbed again in the heat exchanger.
The temperature range of the low-temperature heat reservoir is below 400 ℃, and the temperature range of the high-temperature heat reservoir is above 400 ℃.
The heat collector is a heat absorption tower.
The heat absorption tower is a steel structure system with a frame-support structure.
The heat absorption tower is a concrete structure system with a frame-shear wall structure or a single-cylinder structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the novel tower type solar photo-thermal power generation system provided by the invention has higher energy conversion efficiency and better safety and stability, and compared with the traditional Rankine cycle, the novel tower type solar photo-thermal power generation system has supercritical CO2The efficiency of the Brayton cycle is obviously improved, the maximum thermal efficiency can reach 55 percent and generally can reach more than 45 percent, and the safety of the thermodynamic cycle system is improved and the service life is prolonged due to the reduction of cycle parameters;
2. the heat transfer capacity of the supercritical hydrocarbon adopted in the invention is stronger than that of molten salt, and the specific heat of the supercritical hydrocarbon is also larger than that of the molten salt, which is beneficial to enhancing the energy transfer capacity of the heat transfer and storage system;
3. the system has lower power generation cost, the heat transfer and storage system and the thermodynamic cycle system are compact due to the improvement of power density, the sizes of key equipment such as a heat storage device, a heat exchanger, a steam turbine and the like can be reduced, and the supercritical CO is used for generating the heat energy2And supercritical hydrocarbon are easy to obtain, and the cost of the working medium can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercritical fluid-based tower-type solar thermal power generation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat collecting system in a supercritical fluid-based tower-type solar thermal power generation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat transfer and storage system in a supercritical fluid-based tower-type solar thermal power generation system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermodynamic cycle system in a supercritical fluid-based tower-type solar thermal power generation system according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a heliostat field, 2, a heat collector, 3, a feed pump, 4, a low-temperature heat reservoir, 5, supercritical hydrocarbons, 6, a high-temperature heat reservoir, 7, a heat exchanger, 8, a compressor, 9, a condenser and 10, supercritical CO 211, a steam turbine and 12 a generator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid, which comprises three subsystems and a generator 12, wherein the subsystems are a heat collecting system, a heat transfer and storage system and a thermal circulation system respectively, as shown in figures 1 to 4; the heat collection system comprises a heliostat field 1 arranged in a region with sufficient illumination and a heat collector 2 for absorbing sunlight reflected from the heliostat field; the heat transfer and storage system is composed of a heat collector 2, a high-temperature heat reservoir 6, a heat exchanger 7, a low-temperature heat reservoir 4 and a feed pump 3 which are sequentially connected end to end through pipelines, and a working medium in the heat transfer and storage system is a supercritical hydrocarbon 5; the thermodynamic cycle system is composed of a heat exchanger 7, a steam turbine 11, a condenser 9 and a compressor 8 which are sequentially connected end to end through pipelines, and the circulating working medium in the thermodynamic cycle system is supercritical CO 210, a steam turbine 11 is coaxially connected with a generator 12.
The temperature range of the low-temperature heat reservoir 4 is below 400 ℃, the temperature range of the high-temperature heat reservoir 6 is above 400 ℃, and the temperature limit is different with the difference of the heat storage working medium.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat collector 2 is a heat absorption tower. The heat absorption tower belongs to a high-rise structure, the mass of equipment is mainly and intensively arranged at the top, and the requirement on the strength and the rigidity of the heat absorption tower is high, so that a steel structure system or a concrete structure system can be adopted.
The heat absorption tower is a steel structure system with a frame-support structure.
The heat absorption tower is a concrete structure system with a frame-shear wall structure or a single-cylinder structure.
As shown in fig. 3, the cycle operation process of the heat transfer and storage system is as follows: the supercritical hydrocarbon 5 absorbs solar light energy gathered by the heliostat field 1 in the heat collector 2, then the high-temperature heat reservoir 6 stores the high-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon which flows out after absorbing heat in the heat collector 2, then the high-temperature hydrocarbon in the heat exchanger 7 transfers energy to a circulating working medium in a thermodynamic circulating system, then the low-temperature heat reservoir 4 stores the low-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon which exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 7, and the feeding pump 3 boosts the pressure of the low-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon and then conveys the low-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon into the heat collector 2 to absorb solar energy again.
As shown in fig. 4, the cycle operation process of the thermodynamic cycle system is as follows: high temperature supercritical hydrocarbons in heat exchanger 7 transfer energy to supercritical CO in thermodynamic cycle system2So as to make supercritical CO2The temperature and the pressure rise to be in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the blades of the steam turbine 11 are pushed to do work, and the supercritical CO is converted into the supercritical CO2The carried heat energy is converted into mechanical energy of a steam turbine 11, the steam turbine 11 drives a generator 12 to generate electricity, and a condenser 9 arranged at the outlet of the steam turbine 11 applies work to the supercritical CO2Is subjected to isobaric condensation, and then to supercritical CO by means of a compressor 8 placed after the condenser 9210 are isentropically compressed, causing them to rise in pressure and to enter the heat exchanger 7 where they again absorb heat.
The invention relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid, which comprises the following working processes:
firstly, in a heat collection system, sunlight is reflected by a heliostat field 1 and then reaches a heat collector 2, then the heat collector 2 collects high-heat sunlight for pre-storage of energy, and the construction of a heat absorption high tower is designed and constructed according to specific requirements. Generally, steel structure towers are more expensive than concrete towers, and the difference is larger as the height of the tower increases. However, in some areas in northwest of China, cold areas in winter and windy areas, concrete materials are difficult to obtain, concrete construction is difficult, and a steel structure is adopted instead of a better scheme. When a concrete structure system is adopted, a frame-shear wall structure or a single-cylinder structure is adopted, the single-cylinder structure is low in manufacturing cost and relatively high in construction speed. When a steel structure system is used, a frame-support structure is adopted, and if not necessary, the structure is not recommended to be closed by a profiled steel sheet.
Secondly, in the heat transfer and heat storage system, low-temperature liquid hydrocarbon 5 is sent to the tower top heat collector 2 by the feed pump 3 and absorbs the light energy gathered by the heliostat field 1. The heat transfer capacity of the low-temperature liquid hydrocarbon is stronger than that of molten salt, the specific heat of the low-temperature liquid hydrocarbon is larger than that of the molten salt, the energy transfer capacity of a heat transfer and storage system is enhanced, the compatibility of the supercritical hydrocarbon to metal materials is better, and the corrosion to the materials can be reduced.
The high-temperature supercritical hydrocarbon formed after the low-temperature liquid hydrocarbon absorbs heat enters the heat exchanger 7 for energy exchange and heat transfer. The heat exchanger 7 is a device capable of realizing energy exchange between a heat absorbing medium and a heat storage medium, and between the heat storage medium and a working medium, wherein the energy exchange between the heat absorbing medium and the heat storage medium is realized by energy storage, and the energy exchange between the heat storage medium and the working medium is realized by energy storage and release.
Then the high temperature heat storage 6 stores the surplus heat, the high temperature heat storage 6 has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high pressure resistance, and the heat required by the low temperature liquid hydrocarbon entering the heat exchanger 7 for heat exchange can be supplied alternately for a long time day and night.
Finally, the supercritical CO enters the high-temperature and high-pressure state through heat exchange2The expansion in the turbine 11 pushes the turbine 11 to drive the generator 12 to generate electricity. Supercritical CO after work2Condensed by a condenser 9, compressed by a compressor 8 and then processed again by Brayton cycle. Based on supercritical CO2Brayton cycle power generation technology with supercritical CO2Instead of in a conventional Rankine cycleThe water vapor can obviously reduce the water consumption of the power station and reduce the project investment.
The invention relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid, which has the advantages that: the invention can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the tower type solar thermal power station, improve the safety and stability of the system and reduce the power generation cost.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112128070A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 北京前沿动力科技股份有限公司 | Solar photo-thermal carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system of ORC (organic Rankine cycle) intercooling compressor |
| CN114810522A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 中国能源建设集团规划设计有限公司 | a power generation system |
| CN115574363A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-06 | 西安科技大学 | A solar-wind energy development and utilization system and method based on heat storage in coal mine goaf |
| WO2024021296A1 (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2024-02-01 | 南京工业大学 | Ultra-supercritical solar tower-type water working medium heat absorber |
| CN118242778A (en) * | 2024-04-29 | 2024-06-25 | 浙江可胜技术股份有限公司 | A tower solar thermal utilization system |
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