CN106464305A - 电磁感应场通信 - Google Patents

电磁感应场通信 Download PDF

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CN106464305A
CN106464305A CN201580022732.3A CN201580022732A CN106464305A CN 106464305 A CN106464305 A CN 106464305A CN 201580022732 A CN201580022732 A CN 201580022732A CN 106464305 A CN106464305 A CN 106464305A
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emitter
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receptor
capacitor
coil
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安东尼·凯斯拉斯
利斯贝特·戈姆
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/22—Capacitive coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/005—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
    • H04B5/266—One coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/48—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/72—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/55—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception using an external connection, either wireless or wired
    • H04R25/554—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception using an external connection, either wireless or wired using a wireless connection, e.g. between microphone and amplifier or using Tcoils
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    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/55—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception using an external connection, either wireless or wired
    • H04R25/558—Remote control, e.g. of amplification, frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
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Abstract

根据实例实施例，存在一种说明性地用于在身体上或周围通信的电磁感应场通信系统。两个收发器(或接收器和发射器)包含适用于在所述身体周围产生电磁感应场的线圈和电容器并且能够在该线圈与该电容器之间通信。

Description

电磁感应场通信
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用电磁场通信的设备和方法。
背景技术
存在多种说明性地用于近程距离通信的无线系统。一些系统用于在人体周围的通信；其它系统可以用于在其它物体内部或周围的通信。例如，基于RF的助听器目前考虑到无线通信。通常此类助听器系统在2.5GHz ISM频带下操作。此类系统的特征为借助于横波、同相且覆盖大概30米的相对较大范围的磁场和电场来传播。大范围可能会引起通信内容的安全问题并且可能会造成干扰。此外，由于在相对高频下操作，所以此类系统会被人体严重影响。
较为常规的助听器使用磁场感应作为无线通信方法。不利的是，如果天线相对较小(例如在助听器中所要求的那样)，那么基于磁场感应的无线系统的范围有限。具有小型天线的基于磁场感应的系统无法到达人体的所有部位。因此，使用此类系统可能难以提供助听器与手持式控制器之间的通信。
图1是利用磁场感应的现有技术无线通信系统的电路图。附图标记11表示发射器，该发射器可以说明性地包含于被设计用于接近一个耳朵定位或位于一个耳朵中的助听器中。附图标记13表示接收器，该接收器可以说明性地包含于被设计用于接近另一个耳朵定位或位于另一个耳朵中的助听器中。需要在两个助听器之间进行通信，使得可以处理(通过接收器附近或内部的处理电路)从发射器11传输并且由接收器13接收的信号以增强用户的听觉体验并且使该体验更自然。在某些实施方案中，双向通信也是可能的，其中发射器11和接收器13是收发器。发射器11含有源25和27以及谐振电路，该谐振电路包括线圈15和电容器19。通过线圈15产生磁场291，该磁场291还表示为H1。接收器13包含谐振电路和低噪声放大器23，该谐振电路由线圈17和电容器21形成。接收器13的谐振电路与发射器11的谐振电路在相同频率下谐振。通过磁场292(该磁场292还表示为H2)在线圈17中感应出电压，由此产生信号通信路径。线圈15与17之间的互耦合系数由M(附图标记41)表示。
发明内容
尽管所附权利要求书涉及特征的特定组合，但应理解，本发明的范围还包含任何新颖特征或本文中所公开的特征的新颖组合。
在单独实施例的上下文中描述的特征也可以在单个实施例的组合中提供。相反，为了简洁起见，在单个实施例的上下文中所描述的各种特征也可以单独地或以任何合适的子组合提供。
包括一种通信系统，该通信系统具有：发射器，该发射器线圈、电容器，该电容器具有第一板和第二板，该第一板可连接到生物体；该第二板被配置成暴露于环境；该发射器能够生成磁感应场和电感应场的组合；以及接收器，该接收器具有线圈、电容器，该电容器具有第一板和第二板，该接收器的该第一板可连接到生物体；并且该第二板可连接到环境；并且另外，在该发射器与地面之间或在该接收器与地面之间不存在电流连接。另外，包括发射器中的调谐电容器。另外，包括接收器中的调谐电容器。而且，发射器可以是收发器并且接收器可以是收发器。另外，发射器可以包括在助听器中并且接收器可以包括在助听器中。在另外的实施例中，根据身体的电容调谐发射器和接收器以实现其间的通信。另外，可以包含无线控制单元，该无线控制单元被调适成手持式，此控制单元通过电磁感应场与接收器或发射器通信。此外，包括控制单元，该控制单元具有带有两个板的电容器，该板中的一个板适用于与身体接触。另外，控制单元可以具有显示器。
附图说明
图1是说明使用磁场感应的通信系统的电路图；
图2是本发明的说明性实施例的电路图；
图3是本发明的说明性实施例的图；
图4是使用磁场感应的通信系统以及使用本发明的方法的通信系统的图；
图5描绘根据另一实施例的控制/显示单元；以及
图6通过说明性实施例描绘人体的正视图。
具体实施方式
图2示出说明性实施例。描绘发射器111和接收器113。通过电场和磁场的组合来实现发射器111与接收器113之间的通信，如将另外描述。磁场1291由穿过线圈115的电流产生。电场131可以通过耦合电容器137上的电压产生。耦合电容器137具有耦合到人体135的第一导电板以及耦合到环境的第二导电板，如下文将另外示出。
可以使用源125和127通过相同电压产生磁场1291(可以通过H3表示)和电场131。在此说明性实施例中，源125和127跨越线圈115产生平衡电压。然而，跨越线圈115的电压也可能不平衡并且在此情况下仅需要一个源。
可以借助于线圈117和耦合电容器139在位于人体附近(可能在另一个耳朵中)的另一位置处的接收器113处接收磁场1292(该磁场1292可以通过H4表示)和电场133(该电场133具有不同于电场131的振幅)。耦合电容器139具有耦合到人体135的第一导电板以及耦合到环境的第二导电板，如图3中将另外示出。线圈115与117之间的互耦合系数由M(附图标记241)表示。
在图3中，描绘位于人体135附近的电容器137和139。电容器137和139可以说明性地为助听器的部分。这两个电容器可以由两个导电板形成。例如，电容器137可以具有板251和253，每一个板位于助听器的相对侧上。板251接近人体135的头部或与人体135的头部接触，而不太接近人体135的头部并且不与人体135的头部接触的板253(可能在助听器的另一侧上)暴露于(即，连接到)环境。类似地，电容器139具有板257和255。板257接近人体135的头部或与人体135的头部接触，而不太接近人体135的头部并且不与人体135的头部接触的板255暴露于(即，连接到)环境。板251、253、257和255由导电材料制成，该导电材料说明性地为金属。助听器功能所需的电子装置(由附图标记271和273表示)可以位于两个电容器的相应板之间(例如，板251与253之间)。一般来说，板251、253、257和255可以具有各种形状并且可以由介电材料包围，只要总体结构137和139执行电容功能。一般来说，电容器137和139的尺寸应相对于操作波长较小。提供电容器119和121以在所需操作频率下使该电容器119和121的相应电路谐振。借助于实例实施例，如果电容器137和139的值为约10pF(该值在某种程度上由耦合电容器设计限定)，而线圈115和117为约3.7μH，那么随后可能需要一些额外电容以将电路调谐到所需操作频率，例如10.6MHz。因此，电容器119和121的值为约50.96pF。在实施例中，电容器119和121是可以集成到RF集成电路中的电容器组，该RF集成电路可调整以在所需频率下谐振。可调整性补偿由于人体而增加的电容。
在操作中，线圈115说明性地产生磁近场1291，该磁近场1291的场线足以到达线圈117并且通过磁场1292在线圈117中感应出电压。电容器137在个人用户的皮肤与环境之间产生电近场131。磁近场1292和电近场133两者能够由接收器113中的类似电路感测到。在发射器111与地面之间不存在电流连接。在接收器113与地面之间不存在电流连接。
图2示出允许单向通信的发射器和接收器的说明性实施例。在另一实施例中，111和117两者还可以是收发器并且因此可能进行双向通信。
未详细示出驱动电路、信号处理电路、麦克风、控制电路等，但是此类项可以视为实施于图2中的由附图标记153或151表示的块或图3中的块271或273中。
图4是示出使用磁场感应的通信系统和使用本发明的方法的通信系统的比较范围的图。在图4中，横轴指示当线圈115和117同轴时的方向性；纵轴指示当线圈115和117平行时的方向性。通过线411示出在使用磁场感应方法的链路的情况下的方向性。应注意，当从两个线圈同轴的情况移动到线圈平行的情况时距离显著减小。使用图4的图，如果图2的发射线圈115位于图4的原点419处，可以看到接收器线圈117可以放入位置421或423(分别对应于相对于发射器线圈115的同轴朝向或相对于发射器线圈115的平行朝向)中，并且将获得通过发射线圈115产生的磁场的最佳情况检测。然而，如果接收器线圈117沿着在位置421与423之间成45°朝向的线定位(即，在位置425处)，接收器线圈必须基本上更接近发射器线圈115放置以进行充分检测。然而，所公开的实施例展现更全向的距离分布以及可能更大距离。在使用电磁感应场的链路的情况下的全向分布和可能更大距离有助于更稳固的通信。
图6是通过说明性实施例的人体的正视图。描绘人体135、具有电容器137的发射器111以及具有电容器139的接收器113。还描绘电场131和133(如可以从图4的视图中了解，该电场131和133是同一场的部分)。发射器111和接收器113与人体135间隔开放大距离，使得可以示出电场线。应注意，在发射器111与地面之间不存在电流连接，并且在接收器113与地面之间也不存在电流连接。应注意，电场线131和133沿人体135的长度向下延伸。此外，已图4的视图已示出，电磁场线在人体135周围周向地延伸。因此，电磁场可以用于增强和进行发射器111与接收器113之间的更可靠通信。在所论述的实施例中，线圈和耦合电容器较小(即，小于电场131和磁场1291的波长的约5％)，因此不会大量产生不合需要的横向辐射波。
在一个实施例中，线圈115和117未筛选且比所选择的操作波长小(理想的是小得多)。电容器137和139各自具有一个导电表面，即图3中的251和257，该导电表面接近身体(说明性地为人体135)或与该身体接触。相对表面(即，图3的板253和255)比人体135更接近环境，并且板的大小比所选择的操作波长小(理想的是小得多)。板253和251优选地平行且具有相同形状，但还容许该板具有不同大小且仅部分平行(即，略不平行)或并排。板257和255类似如此。
在另一实施例中，可以存在单独的控制和/或显示单元。图5描绘控制和/或显示单元511。控制和/或显示单元511具有在相对侧上的两个板513和515。控制和/或显示单元511可以固持在用户的手中。板513或515中的一个板将比另一个板更牢固地固持在手中并且将因此更强有力地耦合到用户身体，而另一个板将具有到环境的略强耦合。控制和/或显示单元511能够与发射器111或接收器113通信。说明性地，控制和/或显示单元可以组合或单独提供体积控制、噪声减少控制、人体参数，例如心跳速率以及例如在身体周围监视的物理参数的其它项。通过电磁场1291和131促进控制和/或显示单元的操作。在实施例中，尺寸标定和平行度类似于上文针对板253和255所描述的尺寸标定和平行度。控制和/或显示单元可以类似于发射器111或接收器113而具有显示器以及内部电路591(或可以具有作为如先前描述的收发器的内部电路)。
参考具体说明性实例描述各种示例性实施例。选择说明性实例来辅助本领域的普通技术人员形成对各种实施例的清晰理解且实践各种实施例。然而，可以被构造成具有该实施例中的一个或多个实施例的系统、结构和装置的范围，以及可以根据该实施例中的一个或多个实施例实施的方法的范围决不限于已经呈现的具体说明性实例。相反，如相关领域的普通技术人员基于此描述将容易认识到，可以根据各种实施例实施许多其它配置、布置和方法。
在已使用例如顶部、底部、上部、下部等位置名称描述本发明的程度上，应了解，那些名称是参考对应图式而给定，且如果装置的朝向在制造或操作期间改变，那么可以替代地应用其它位置关系。如上文所描述，出于清楚起见(而非限制性地)描述那些位置关系。
已相对于具体实施例且参考某些附图描述本发明，但本发明不限于此，而是仅由权利要求书阐述。所描述的附图仅是示意性的并且是非限制性的。在附图中，出于说明性目的，各种元件的大小可被放大且未按具体比例绘制。预期本发明涵盖组件以及其操作模式的相关容差和特性的微不足道的变化。预期涵盖本发明的不完全实践。
在本发明的说明书和权利要求书中使用术语“包括”时，并不排除其它要素或步骤。在提及单数名词使用不定冠词或定冠词(例如，“一”或“该”)的情况下，此包含名词的复数形式，除非另外具体说明。因此，术语“包括”不应解释为限于其后所列的项目，该术语并不排除其它要素或步骤，且因此表达“包括项目A和B的装置”的范围不应限于仅由组件A和B组成的装置。此表达表示，相对于本发明，装置的唯一相关组件是A和B。

Claims (11)

1.一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：
发射器，所述发射器具有线圈、电容器，所述电容器具有第一板和第二板，所述第一板可连接到生物体；所述第二板被配置成暴露于环境；所述发射器能够产生电磁感应场；
接收器，所述接收器具有线圈、电容器，所述电容器具有第一板和第二板，所述第一板可连接到生物体；所述第二板可连接到所述环境；
在所述发射器与地面之间或在所述接收器与地面之间不存在电流连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，另外包括所述发射器中的调谐电容器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，另外包括所述接收器中的调谐电容器。
4.根据在前的任一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，所述发射器是收发器并且所述接收器是收发器。
5.根据在前的任一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，所述发射器包括在助听器中并且所述接收器包括在助听器中。
6.根据在前的任一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，根据所述身体的电容调谐所述发射器和接收器以实现通信。
7.根据在前的任一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，另外包括无线控制单元，所述无线控制单元被调适成手持式；所述控制单元通过所述电磁感应场与所述接收器或发射器通信。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元具有带有两个板的电容器，所述板中的一个板适用于与所述身体接触。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元具有显示器。
10.一种发射器，其特征在于，所述发射器在在前的任一项权利要求中限定并且用于根据在前的任一项权利要求所述的通信系统中。
11.一种接收器，其特征在于，所述接收器在权利要求1至9中任一项权利要求中限定并且用于根据权利要求1至9中任一项权利要求所述的通信系统中。
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