CN106457681A - 用于制造构件连接系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造构件连接系统的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106457681A
CN106457681A CN201580027443.2A CN201580027443A CN106457681A CN 106457681 A CN106457681 A CN 106457681A CN 201580027443 A CN201580027443 A CN 201580027443A CN 106457681 A CN106457681 A CN 106457681A
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China
Prior art keywords
component
spheroid
hole
ball
thermoplastic material
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CN201580027443.2A
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English (en)
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CN106457681B (zh
Inventor
M·哈默
J·尼凯克
C·斯特凡齐奥萨
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B29C65/082—Angular, i.e. torsional ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58—Snap connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7808—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of holes or slots
    • B29C65/7811—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of holes or slots for centring purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/118—Single monotone curved joints
    • B29C66/1182—Single monotone curved joints the joint being C-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造构件连接系统的方法，其具有如下步骤：提供第一构件(1)，该第一构件至少在其表面的一部分区域中由热塑性塑料材料制成；提供球体(3)，该球体至少在其表面的区域中由热塑性塑料材料制成；将球体(3)这样压靠到第一构件(1)上，使得球体(3)的热塑性塑料材料贴靠在第一构件(1)的热塑性塑料材料上；借助超声波发生器(4)将球体(3)置于振动中并且将球体(3)与第一构件(1)焊接在一起；提供具有通孔的第二构件；将第二构件(6)这样引导到第一构件上，使得球体(3)至少伸入到第二构件(6)的通孔(6a)中或者该球体穿过通孔(6a)伸出一段距离；将夹紧元件(7)夹到球体(3)上，其中，夹紧元件(7)搭接并突出于通孔(6a)并且将所述两个构件(1、6)形锁合和/或力锁合地彼此连接。

Description

用于制造构件连接系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的特征所述的用于制造构件连接系统的方法。
背景技术
由DE102012221698B3中已知一种构件连接系统，其中，将钢制球体焊接到第一构件上。待与第一构件连接的第二构件具有通孔并且如此贴靠到第一构件上，使得从第一构件伸出的球体穿过第二构件的通孔伸出至少一段距离。接着将两件式的塑料夹持件夹到球体上，该塑料夹持件搭接并突出于设置在第二构件中的通孔并且将两个构件夹紧在一起。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提出一种用于制造改进的构件连接系统的方法，以便由此开拓另外的应用领域。
该任务通过权利要求1的特征来实现。本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案由各从属权利要求中可得知。
本发明的出发点是应与第二构件连接的第一构件。第一构件的表面的至少一部分区域由热塑性塑料材料制成。当然整个第一构件可由热塑性塑料材料制成。但这不是必须的。而是也可能的是，第一构件的“芯”由其它材料制成并且该芯或芯的一部分涂覆或覆盖有热塑性塑料材料。第一构件的热塑性塑料材料可以是纤维增强的热塑性塑料材料。纤维或颗粒分布在热塑性塑料材料中。作为纤维考虑例如玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维或类似物。在纤维长度方面可使用长纤维、短纤维或所谓的连续纤维或这些纤维的组合物。
通过超声波焊接将至少一个球体焊接到第一构件上或者第一构件的热塑性塑料材料上。所述球体的特点在于，该球体的表面的至少一部分区域由热塑性塑料材料制成。
所述球体尤其可以是由热塑性塑料材料制成的实心球体。作为对此的替代，所述球体也可以是由热塑性塑料材料制成的空心球体。此外可考虑所述球体具有球体芯，该球体芯至少部分覆盖或涂覆有热塑性塑料材料。所述球体芯可例如由钢、铝、玻璃、铅或类似物制成。由此可将球体芯的特定的特性(该球体芯可例如是磁性的)与热塑性涂层的特性(与构件或基体焊接在一起的可焊接性)相结合。所述球体的热塑性塑料材料可以是纤维增强或颗粒增强的塑料，这提高了在球体与第一构件之间的焊接连接的牢固度。
在将球体与第一构件焊接在一起之前，将球体这样压靠到第一构件上，使得球体的热塑性塑料材料贴靠在第一构件的热塑性塑料材料上。
接着，借助超声波发生器将球体置于振动中，这导致球体的材料和/或第一构件的材料在接触区域中局部熔化并且因此导致两材料熔合、也就是说导致球体与第一构件焊接在一起。基于球体的凸形的几何结构，在球体与第一构件之间的接触区域中产生极高的能量密度，该能量密度导致球体材料和第一构件的材料工整地、局部受限地熔化，并且因此结果导致非常工整、高质量且牢固的焊接连接。
上文已提及的第二构件具有通孔并且被这样引导到第一构件上，使得从第一构件伸出的球体伸入到第二构件的通孔中或者该球体穿过第二构件的通孔伸出一段距离。
接着，将例如可由弹性的塑料材料制成的夹紧元件夹到球体上。夹紧元件搭接并突出于通孔并且因此使所述两个构件形锁合和/或力锁合地彼此连接。当夹紧元件或夹紧元件的搭接并突出于通孔的边缘构造成弹性时，通过夹紧元件甚至能实现在第一构件与第二构件之间的持久的夹紧。
本发明可应用于几乎不受限制的许多领域。本发明尤其可应用在车辆制造领域中，并在那里尤其可应用在车身制造领域中。因此，所述第一构件和/或第二构件可以是车辆构件、尤其是车辆的车身构件。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，第一构件在应通过超声波焊接将球体焊接到第一构件上的位置具有“物理标记”，该“物理标记”使得球体相对于第一构件的精确定位更为容易。这种物理标记可例如通过槽状的凹处、尤其通过球冠状的槽状的凹处、十字线状的凹处或类似物形成。
根据一种改进方案，将粘结剂层引入到所述第一构件的面向第二构件的侧面上和/或引入到所述第二构件的面向第一构件的侧面上或者简单地引入到这两个构件之间，作为所述夹紧元件的补充，该粘结剂层使两个构件材料锁合地彼此连接。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，声波发生器在声波发生器的“接通”之后产生平移和/或扭转的振动，这些平移和/或扭转的振动传递到球体上。
在施加粘结剂的情况下可规定，对于容纳粘结剂所需的在两个构件之间的间隙通过夹紧元件来实现或甚至确保。夹紧元件在两个构件夹紧在一起之后确保“操作稳定性”，即使粘结剂还未硬化。因此，即使在粘结剂还未硬化的情况下，所述两个通过夹紧元件夹紧在一起的构件也能被进一步加工或进一步运输。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，借助集成到声波发生器中或布置在声波发生器上的抽吸装置吸附球体。借助这种抽吸装置可将球体从球体储存器或者从填充有许多球体的储备容器中吸附、取出并且引导到第一构件上。为了借助负压进行固定，可在声波发生器的端侧上设置槽状的容纳部，借助抽吸装置将球体吸附或吸入到该容纳部中。
声波发生器可构造成手持式设备。与此相应地，所述球体可手动借助声波发生器被引导到第一构件上并且与第一构件焊接在一起。作为对此的替代，也可通过如下方式全自动地将球体从球体储存器中取出，将球体引导到第一构件上并且将球体与第一构件焊接在一起：由工业机械手控制所述声波发生器并且使其运动。
可选择手动或借助夹紧放置装置自动地将夹紧元件夹到球体上。
附图说明
下面结合附图详细阐述本发明。图1至图5示出根据本发明的方法的各个步骤。
具体实施方式
图1示出了板坯状的、也就是说基本上平面的第一构件1，该第一构件具有球冠状或槽状的凹处2。第一构件1可完全由热塑性材料制成或至少在槽状的凹处2区域中涂覆或覆盖有热塑性材料。
如由图2可见的那样，将球体3引入到槽状的凹处2中。因此，球体3至少一部分伸入到槽状的凹处2中。槽状的凹处2作为“物理标记”起作用。因此，通过凹处2以预先限定的方式使球体3相对于第一构件1定位。
球体3可例如手动放入到凹处2中。作为对此的替代，球体3也可借助输送装置、例如机械手(未示出)装入到凹处2中。借助在此仅示意性示出的超声波发生器4将球体3置于超声波振动(例如平移和/或扭转的振动)中并且与第一构件1的热塑性材料焊接在一起，并且因此与第一构件1焊接在一起。
球体3也可由热塑性材料制成。但该球体不必完全由热塑性材料制成。可考虑球体3仅在与凹处2接触的接触区域中涂覆或覆盖有热塑性材料。但是，所述球体当然也可具有由非热塑性材料制成的球体芯，该球体芯完全覆盖有由热塑性材料制成的表面层。
也可经由声波发生器将球体输送到凹处2中。为此，可在声波发生器4的端侧区域中设有槽状的凹处，抽吸通道通向该凹处。借助在此未详细示出的抽吸装置(其可例如集成到声波发生器4中)能将球体3吸入或吸附到声波发生器的槽状的凹处4a中。因此，可通过移动声波发生器使球体3相对于第一构件1定位并且将该球体引入到第一构件的凹处2中。在此，可手动或通过工业机械手自动控制地使所述声波发生器运动。
通过将球体3置于振动中，使球体3的热塑性材料和/或凹处2的热塑性材料局部受限地熔化并且彼此熔合。由此将球体3与第一构件1焊接在一起。基于球体的凸形的几何结构，在球体与第一构件之间的接触区域中产生非常高的能量密度，该能量密度导致球体3的或第一构件1的热塑性材料工整地、局部受限地熔化。
如在图3中示出的那样，将粘结剂层5涂到第一构件1的上侧面上。
接着，如在图4中示出的那样，将具有通孔6a的第二构件6放置到粘结剂层5上。第二构件6这样相对于第一构件1或球体3布置，使得球体3伸入到第二构件6的通孔6a中或者该球体在此甚至穿过通孔6a伸出一段距离。
接着将夹紧元件7夹到球体3上。在此，夹紧元件7以贴靠在第二构件6上的止动凸鼻7a搭接并突出于第二构件的通孔6a。通过(弹性的)夹紧元件7将两个构件(6、1)保持在一起或彼此压靠。因此，即使在粘结剂5还未硬化的情况下，也可进一步运输或甚至已经进一步加工两个构件1、6。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于制造构件连接系统(1、3、6)的方法，具有如下步骤：
-提供第一构件(1)，该第一构件至少在其表面的一部分区域中由热塑性塑料材料制成；
-提供球体(3)，该球体至少在其表面的区域中由热塑性塑料材料制成；
-将所述球体(3)压靠到第一构件(1)上，使得所述球体(3)的热塑性塑料材料贴靠在第一构件(1)的热塑性塑料材料上；
-借助超声波发生器(4)将所述球体(3)置于振动中并且使所述球体(3)与第一构件(1)焊接在一起；
-提供具有通孔(6)的第二构件(6)；
-将所述第二构件(6)引导到第一构件(1)上，使得所述球体(3)至少伸入到所述第二构件(6)的通孔(6a)中或者该球体穿过所述通孔(6a)伸出一段距离；
-将夹紧元件(7)夹到所述球体(3)上，其中，所述夹紧元件(7)搭接并突出于所述通孔(6a)并且将所述两个构件(1、6)形锁合和/或力锁合地彼此连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一构件(1)具有物理标记、尤其是槽状的凹处(2)，或者在第一构件(1)中产生这样的物理标记，其中，借助该物理标记(2)使所述球体(3)相对于第一构件(1)定位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将粘结剂层(5)引入到所述两个构件(1、6)之间或将粘结剂层(5)施加到所述第一构件(1)的面向第二构件(6)的侧面上或施加到所述第二构件(6)的面向第一构件(1)的侧面上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，借助超声波发生器(4)将所述球体(3)置于平移的振动中。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，借助超声波发生器将所述球体(3)置于扭转的振动中。
6.一种构件连接系统，其按照根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法来制造。
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