CN111688224A - 利用感应加热接合热塑性工件 - Google Patents

利用感应加热接合热塑性工件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111688224A
CN111688224A CN202010176727.0A CN202010176727A CN111688224A CN 111688224 A CN111688224 A CN 111688224A CN 202010176727 A CN202010176727 A CN 202010176727A CN 111688224 A CN111688224 A CN 111688224A
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workpiece
workpieces
thermoplastic material
thermoplastic
projection
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CN111688224B (zh
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R.格杰利
B.E.卡尔森
D.A.奥康斯基
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7808Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of holes or slots
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/148Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier placed at the interface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30Electrical means
    • B29C65/32Induction
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    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/364Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3684Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7844Holding or clamping means for handling purposes cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/21Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/22Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/227Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of repetitive interlocking undercuts, e.g. in the form of puzzle cuts
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29C66/81431General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract

一种接合工件的方法包括以下步骤:将第一工件和第二工件放在一起;将感受器材料感应加热;和将工件压制在一起。每个工件可包括热塑性材料,并且将工件在连结界面处放在一起,使得第一工件的突出部与第二工件的接受部对准。感受器材料在加热期间与第一工件的热塑性材料接触,使得第一工件的热塑性材料软化。在将第一工件的热塑性材料软化的同时执行压制步骤,从而在感受器材料与第一工件的热塑性材料接触处重塑第一工件。使突出部变形以在连结界面处与接受部形成互锁。

Description

利用感应加热接合热塑性工件
背景技术
感应加热已经在其中相对快速且高效的材料加热是有用的各种应用中(诸如在冶金炉、烹饪、焊接和热处理工艺中)取得了一些成功。感应加热通常通过将制品暴露于高频交变磁场而起作用,该高频交变磁场在制品的导电部分中感应出交流电流。导电材料中电流的固有电阻引起制品发热。因为交变场可穿透制品,所以感应加热可从内部加热制品,这与通过传导或对流进行加热不同。感应加热通常限于金属材料的加热,因为通常在非金属材料(例如矿物、陶瓷、聚合物、有机物等)中不能感应出足够高的电流。
发明内容
根据各种实施例,一种接合工件的方法包括包含以下步骤:将第一工件和第二工件在连结界面处放在一起,使得第一工件的突出部与第二工件的接受部对准;将与第一工件的热塑性材料接触的感受器材料感应加热,使得热塑性材料软化;和在将热塑性材料软化的同时将第一工件和第二工件压制在一起,从而在将热塑性材料软化处重塑第一工件。使突出部变形以在连结界面处与接受部形成互锁。
在各种实施例中,感受器材料在感应加热步骤期间处于连结界面处,使得第二工件的热塑性材料在感应加热步骤期间软化。
在各种实施例中,感受器材料是膜,该膜包括与第一工件的热塑性材料相容的聚合材料,使得膜的聚合材料和第一工件的热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起。
在各种实施例中,感受器材料是膜,该膜包括与第一工件的热塑性材料相容的聚合材料的第一层和与第二工件的热塑性材料相容的聚合材料的第二层,使得聚合材料的第一层和第一工件的热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起。聚合材料的第二层和第二工件的热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起,并且第一工件的热塑性材料不同于第二工件的热塑性材料。
在各种实施例中,在将工件放一起的步骤之前,将感受器材料嵌入热塑性材料中。
在各种实施例中,第一工件由热塑性复合材料形成,该热塑性复合材料包括分布在基体材料内的导电纤维,其中纤维是感受器材料,并且热塑性材料是基体材料。
在各种实施例中,在感应加热步骤之前,第一工件、第二工件、感受器材料或其任何组合包括碳纤维。
在各种实施例中,突出部具有尺寸经设定的宽度,以在将工件放在一起的步骤之前被接受部接纳。当使突出部变形时,突出部的宽度增大,使得不可从接受部中移除突出部,从而形成互锁。
在各种实施例中,在将工件放在一起的步骤期间,将第二工件的突出部与第一工件的接受部对准,并且在感应加热步骤期间,第二工件的热塑性材料软化。使第二工件的突出部在压制步骤期间变形,以与第一工件的接受部形成互锁。
在各种实施例中,突出部是第一工件的多个突出部中的一个,并且接受部是第二工件的多个接受部中的一个。在将工件放在一起的步骤期间,使每个突出部与对应的接受部对准。通过同时在对应的接受部中的每个中的突出部中的每个的变形来形成对应的多个互锁。
在各种实施例中,在感应加热步骤期间,感受器材料在第一工件的背离第二工件的侧面处。
在各种实施例中,在将工件放在一起的步骤之前,第一工件包括沿着第一工件的与突出部相对的侧面的凹痕,并且通过第一工件的所述重塑至少部分地去除凹痕。
在各种实施例中,感受器材料是工具的一部分,在压制步骤期间抵靠第一工件压制该工具,使得在感应加热步骤期间加热工具。
在各种实施例中,该方法包括将第一工件和第二工件热熔在一起。
在各种实施例中,在相对的第一工具部分和第二工具部分之间将工件放在一起,其中第一工件由第一工具部分支撑并且突出部延伸通过第二工件。压制步骤包括使第一工具部分和第二工具部分朝向彼此移动,使得第二工具部分与第一工件和第二工件两者接触。
在各种实施例中,第二工具部分包括与突出部对准的凹部,使得突出部变形以在突出部的端部处形成头部,从而形成互锁。
在各种实施例中,在压制步骤期间加热第二工具部分的凹部。
根据各种实施例,一种接合工件的方法包括以下步骤:将第一热塑性复合材料工件的突出部与第二热塑性复合材料工件的接受部对准。每个接受部的尺寸经设定以接纳分别对准的突出部。该方法还包括将第一工件和第二工件在与接受部所接纳的突出部的连结界面处放在一起;将感受器材料感应加热,从而在连结界面处将每个工件的热塑性材料软化;和在将热塑性材料软化的同时将工件压制在一起,使得在每个突出部接纳在分别对准的突出部中的同时使每个突出部变形,以形成多个互锁,在该互锁处将工件机械地紧固在一起并且在该互锁处在工件之间形成化学结合。
在各种实施例中,第一工件和第二工件由具有彼此不相容的热塑性组分的复合材料制成。感受器材料包括膜,该膜包括与第一工件的热塑性材料相容的第一聚合层和与第二工件的热塑性材料相容的第二聚合层,其中电导体嵌入一层或两层中。
根据各种实施例,一种接合工件的方法包括以下步骤:将包括热塑性材料的第一工件与第二工件一起放置在热熔工具的第一部分和第二部分之间,使得第一工件的突出部延伸通过第二工件的接受部。工具的第一部分支撑第一工件,并且包括与第一工件的侧面接触的感受器材料,在该侧面中形成有与突出部相对的凹痕。该方法还包括将感受器材料感应加热,从而将热塑性材料软化,并且使热熔工具的部分中的至少一个朝向另一个部分移动,直到工具的第二部分接触第一工件和第二工件两者并且将工件压制在一起。工具的第二部分包括与突出部对准的凹部,并且在接触第二工件之前接触突出部,使得在突出部的端部处形成头部。当在将热塑性材料软化的同时将第一工件和第二工件压制在一起时,将其中形成有凹痕的第一工件的侧面重塑,从而至少部分地去除凹痕。
可设想,可将以上列出的实施例、以下描述、附图和/或所附权利要求的各个方面以任何相容的方式组合为所要求保护的发明。
本发明还包括以下方案:
方案1. 一种接合工件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将第一工件和第二工件在连结界面处放在一起,使得所述第一工件的突出部与所述第二工件的接受部对准,其中所述第一工件包括热塑性材料;
将与所述热塑性材料接触的感受器材料感应加热,使得所述热塑性材料软化;
在将所述热塑性材料软化的同时将所述第一工件和所述第二工件压制在一起,从而在将所述热塑性材料软化处重塑所述第一工件,
其中使所述突出部变形以在所述连结界面处与所述接受部形成互锁。
方案2. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料在所述感应加热步骤期间处于所述连结界面处,使得所述第二工件的热塑性材料在所述感应加热步骤期间软化。
方案3. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料是膜,所述膜包括与所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料相容的聚合材料,使得所述膜的所述聚合材料和所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起。
方案4. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料是膜,所述膜包括与所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料相容的聚合材料的第一层和与所述第二工件的热塑性材料相容的聚合材料的第二层,使得聚合材料的所述第一层和所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起,并且聚合材料的所述第二层和所述第二工件的所述热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起,所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料不同于所述第二工件的所述热塑性材料。
方案5. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中在将所述工件放一起的所述步骤之前,将所述感受器材料嵌入所述第一热塑性材料中。
方案6. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述第一工件由热塑性复合材料形成,所述热塑性复合材料包括分布在基体材料内的导电纤维,其中所述纤维是所述感受器材料,并且所述热塑性材料是所述基体材料。
方案7. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中在所述感应加热步骤之前,所述第一工件、所述第二工件、所述感受器材料或其任何组合包括碳纤维。
方案8. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述突出部具有尺寸经设定的宽度,以在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤之前被所述接受部接纳,当使所述突出部变形时,所述宽度增大,使得不能够从所述接受部中移除所述突出部,从而形成所述互锁。
方案9. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤期间,使所述第二工件的突出部与所述第一工件的接受部对准,并且在所述感应加热步骤期间,所述第二工件的热塑性材料软化,使所述第二工件的所述突出部在所述压制步骤期间变形,以与所述第一工件的所述接受部形成互锁。
方案10. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述突出部是所述第一工件的多个突出部中的一个,并且所述接受部是所述第二工件的多个接受部中的一个,在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤期间,使每个突出部与对应的接受部对准,并且
其中通过同时在所述对应的接受部中的每个中的所述突出部中的每个的变形来形成对应的多个互锁。
方案11. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中在所述感应加热步骤期间,所述感受器材料在所述第一工件的背离所述第二工件的侧面处。
方案12. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤之前,所述第一工件包括沿着所述第一工件的与所述突出部相对的侧面的凹痕,通过所述第一工件的所述重塑至少部分地去除所述凹痕。
方案13. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料是工具的一部分,在所述压制步骤期间抵靠所述第一工件压制所述工具,使得在所述感应加热步骤期间加热所述工具。
方案14. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中所述方法包括将所述第一工件和所述第二工件热熔在一起。
方案15. 根据方案1所述的方法,其中在相对的第一工具部分和第二工具部分之间将所述工件放在一起,其中所述第一工件由所述第一工具部分支撑并且所述突出部延伸通过所述第二工件,并且
其中所述压制步骤包括使所述第一工具部分和所述第二工具部分朝向彼此移动,使得所述第二工具部分与所述第一工件和所述第二工件两者接触。
方案16. 根据方案15所述的方法,其中所述第二工具部分包括与所述突出部对准的凹部,使得所述突出部变形以在所述突出部的端部处形成头部,从而形成所述互锁。
方案17. 根据方案16所述的方法,其中在所述压制步骤期间加热所述凹部。
方案18. 一种接合工件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将第一热塑性复合材料工件的突出部与第二热塑性复合材料工件的接受部对准,每个接受部的尺寸经设定以接纳分别对准的突出部;
将所述第一工件和所述第二工件在与所述接受部所接纳的所述突出部的连结界面处放在一起;
将感受器材料感应加热,从而在所述连结界面处将每个工件的热塑性材料软化;和
在将所述热塑性材料软化的同时将所述工件压制在一起,使得在每个突出部接纳在分别对准的突出部中的同时使所述每个突出部变形,以形成多个互锁,在所述互锁处将所述工件机械地紧固在一起并且在所述互锁处在所述工件之间形成化学结合。
方案19. 根据方案18所述的方法,其中所述第一工件和所述第二工件由具有彼此不相容的热塑性组分的复合材料制成,并且
其中所述感受器材料包括膜,所述膜包括与所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料相容的第一聚合层和与所述第二工件的所述热塑性材料相容的第二聚合层,其中电导体嵌入一层或两层中。
方案20. 一种接合工件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将包括热塑性材料的第一工件与第二工件一起放置在热熔工具的第一部分和第二部分之间,使得所述第一工件的突出部延伸通过第二工件的接受部,其中所述工具的所述第一部分支撑所述第一工件,并且包括与所述第一工件的侧面接触的感受器材料,在所述侧面中形成有与所述突出部相对的凹痕;
将所述感受器材料感应加热,从而将所述热塑性材料软化;并且
使所述热熔工具的所述部分中的至少一个朝向另一个部分移动,直到所述工具的所述第二部分接触所述第一工件和所述第二工件两者并且将所述工件压制在一起,
其中所述工具的所述第二部分包括与所述突出部对准的凹部,并且在接触所述第二工件之前接触所述突出部,使得在所述突出部的端部处形成头部,并且
其中当在将所述热塑性材料软化的同时将所述第一工件和所述第二工件压制在一起时,将其中形成有所述凹痕的所述第一工件的所述侧面重塑,从而至少部分地去除所述凹痕。
附图说明
图1是待接合的两个工件的剖视图;
图2是在将图1的两个工件在连结界面处放在一起之后的剖视图;
图3是图1的两个工件在感应加热和压制期间的剖视图;
图4是图1的两个工件的剖视图,其中在两个工件之间设置有连续的感受器材料;
图5是在将图4的两个工件在连结界面处放在一起之后的剖视图;
图6是图4的两个工件在感应加热和压制期间的剖视图;
图7是在热熔工具中待接合的两个工件的剖视图;
图8是在将图7的两个工件在连结界面处放在一起之后的剖视图;
图9是图7的两个工件在感应加热和压制期间的剖视图;并且
图10是图7的两个工件在接合后的剖视图。
具体实施方式
如下所述,感受器材料可与各种连结部配置和材料变形结合使用,以使感应加热可用于基于聚合物的材料。可在感应加热期间形成互锁特征,并且在一些情况下,可通过施加感应热来改善工件的美观性。
图1-3是说明性的第一工件10和第二工件12在接合工件以形成组装制品14的方法的不同阶段的剖视图。在图1中,第一工件10被布置在第二工件12的下方,其中感受器材料16设置在工件之间。工件被取向成第一工件10的突出部18朝向第二工件12延伸,并且第二工件的突出部20朝向第一工件延伸。将第一工件10的突出部18与第二工件12的接受部22对准并配准,并且将第二工件12的突出部20与第一工件10的接受部24对准并配准。图2示出在将工件在连结界面26处放在一起的示例性步骤之后的工件10、12。图3示出在示例性步骤期间的工件10、12,在该示例性步骤中,将感受器材料感应加热,同时将工件压制在一起,以将工件重塑和/或使工件突出部18、20变形以在连结界面26处形成互锁28。
在示出的示例中,当被提供用于接合过程时,每个工件的突出部18、20与同一工件的接受部22、24处于均匀的交替布置(图1)。在这种情况下,所有的突出部和接受部通常具有相同的宽度。每个突出部18、20是从相应的基部30、32延伸到相应的远侧端部34、36的直立特征(例如,肋、凸台或立柱),并且每个接受部22、24是在每个工件10、12的连续的突出部之间限定的凹部。该配置是非限制性的。在工件中的仅一个上可具有少至一个突出部,其中在仅另一个工件上具有少至一个对应的接受部。突出部和接受部可具有各种形状、尺寸、取向和/或间隔,其中每个形成互锁的突出部被配置为被另一工件的对应接受部接纳。突出部和凹部的尺寸可为毫米级别,诸如在0.5 mm至100 mm的范围内—即,大于仅表面纹理,同时足够小以成为具有一定尺寸的工件的一部分,该尺寸对于感应加热工艺是实际的。在非限制性示例中,每个工件10、12在每个突出部处具有3.0 mm的厚度,并且在每个接受部处具有2.5mm的厚度—即,每个突出部从在其它方面均匀的2.5 mm厚度突出0.5 mm。
如图2中所示,该方法可包括以下步骤:将第一工件10和第二工件12在连结界面26处放在一起,使得第一工件的每个突出部18与第二工件12的对应的接受部22对准并被该接受部22接纳。如所示出的,也可使第二工件12的每个突出部20与第一工件10的对应的接受部24对准并被该接受部24接纳。在该示例中,突出部18、20和对应的接受部22、24被配置为以滑动配合的状态配合在一起,这意味着在将工件10、12放在一起之后并且在任何感应加热和/或施加压力之前,可将工件10、12手动分离(即,无需工具),而不会损坏任一个工件。在其他示例中,配合的突出部和接受部可被配置为在感应加热和/或施加压力之前提供至少临时的彼此附接(例如,压配合或卡扣配合)。
在该实施例中,连结界面26的剖面为方波形状,并且限定在第一工件10和第二工件12之间,无论在一个工件的表面与另一个工件的表面相对的任何位置处。连结界面26因此沿着突出部18、20的远侧端部34、36并且沿着每个突出部的侧壁延伸。感受器材料16位于图2中的连结界面26处。图1和图2中所示的感受器材料16的特定示例呈不连续的膜的形式,其中在将工件放在一起之后,膜的离散区段位于每个突出部18、20的远侧端部34、36处。在将工件10、12放在一起之前(图1),感受器材料16的区段位于第一工件10的突出部18的远侧端部34处和接受部24中。
用于在连结界面26处提供感受器材料16的其他非限制性技术包括用感受器材料涂布一个或两个工件的至少一部分,诸如通过涂敷或电镀,或通过在将工件放在一起之前,在两个工件之间的空间中的至少一部分上延伸和支撑感受器材料的片材或膜(参见图4)。仅需要将感受器材料16提供在需要感应加热的位置处。在一些情况下,将感受器材料16嵌入一个或两个工件的材料中,嵌入整个工件材料中作为材料添加剂或嵌入工件的表面层中。
在一些实施例中,工件中的一个或两个由包括热塑性基体材料的热塑性复合材料形成,其中将感受器材料作为纤维(例如碳和/或金属纤维)、颗粒、网状物、编织物或一些其他合适的形式分布和/或嵌入在基体材料内。当将导电材料分布在工件中的一个或两个的基体材料中时,可省略图中所示的单独提供的感受器材料的膜。在一些情况下,提供导电感受器材料作为工件的热塑性材料的填料或增强物,并且提供附加的感受器材料作为待接合的工件之间的材料层。
感受器材料16包括易于感应加热的材料,诸如导电材料和/或铁磁材料。仅举几个示例,导电材料可以是金属、铁基材料(例如,钢)、碳或石墨。感受器材料16可完全由导电材料制成,或感受器材料可附加地包括其他导电性较小的材料,诸如一种或多种聚合材料。导电材料可以是任何形式(例如,膜、颗粒、纤维、薄片、织物、纳米结构等)和赋予感受器材料16对于感应加热具有足够易感性的量。
在图1-3的示例中,将感受器材料16提供为施加到工件10中的一个的薄膜(例如,小于500 μm)或胶带的层。感受器材料16可包括嵌入聚合材料(例如呈膜形式)层中的石墨和/或碳纤维。在凹部24中并且沿着图1中的第一工件10的突出部18的端部34提供感受器材料16的条带或垫。在另一个示例中,感受器材料16由编织的碳纤维和/或金属纤维的织物形成或包括该织物,并且可以是一件连续的材料(参见图4和图5)。
提供感受器材料16以使得能够至少沿连结界面26感应出电流。感受器材料16的使用使得可使用感应加热装置来接合和/或重塑由非导电材料(诸如基于聚合物的材料)形成的工件。因此,每个工件10、12可包括热塑性材料。每个工件10、12的热塑性材料在感应加热步骤期间与感受器材料16物理接触,该感应加热在图3中通过工件10、12处于感应场38中示意性地示出。感应加热的感受器材料16传导地加热并因此软化与感受器材料接触的工件10、12中的一个或两个的热塑性材料。感受器材料未在图3中明确示出,因为在感应加热和压制之后,可使感受器材料嵌入工件中和/或与工件结合,并因此对于肉眼难以分辨。在其中感受器材料包括一个或两个工件的导电填充材料的示例中,导电填料可被认为是与其中嵌入并分布有填料的热塑性基体材料物理接触的感受器材料。
图3还描绘将工件10、12压制在一起的示例性步骤,如通过图中相对的轮廓箭头所指示。可使用压制工具或固定装置(未示出)来沿着工件的背侧面(即,彼此背离的相应工件的侧面)施加力。在一些情况下,压制工具也可以是感应场38的来源。在将第一工件和/或第二工件的热塑性材料软化的同时执行压制步骤。感应加热和压制步骤可同时、依次发生或在时间上重叠。例如,可在将工件放在一起(其中突出部接纳在对应的接受部中)的情况下施加第一量的力,然后可施加感应场以开始感应加热步骤,并且然后可在与感受器材料接触的热塑性材料开始软化之前或之后增加压制力。在压制步骤的一部分或整个压制步骤期间,感应加热可继续进行。在一个实施例中,在将工件重塑为期望的形状之后,解除感应场,此时继续进行压制。在其他实施例中,当解除感应场时,将压制的量值减小或停止压制。
热塑性材料的软化和压制的组合将一个或两个工件10、12重塑。在该示例中,使突出部18、20中的每个在压制步骤期间变形,使得每个突出部的端部34、36加宽到的宽度大于相同突出部的基部30、32的宽度,以与最初接纳突出部的接受部形成相应的互锁28。图3中的每个突出部18、20的剖面为梯形形状,其中梯形的长边在远侧端部34、36处。应当认识到,图3的描绘在某种程度上是理想的,并且突出部可以以沿着突出部在其他地方增加其宽度或以其他方式在突出部和接受部之间形成互锁状态的一些其他方式变形。互锁28是连结部的一部分,在该连结部处,至少在与组装方向相反的方向上不可将工件分离而不受到损坏。在所示的示例中,互锁28因此机械地防止在不损坏工件的情况下将工件在竖直方向上分离或拉开,即使在不存在其他结合(诸如化学结合)的情况下也是如此。互锁28还抑制了两个工件的剪切并且即使在不存在化学结合的情况下也防止了两个工件被剥离。
由于在将热塑性材料软化的同时将工件压制在一起,因此在连结界面26处也可发生聚合材料之间的化学结合,诸如熔融结合。在分子水平上,形成的新结合至少部分是由于聚合物链在连结界面26的相对表面处缠结所引起的。当将热塑性材料充分加热并压制在一起时,被压制在一起的单独件的材料可随着两个件合为一体而混合。
工件10、12中的一个或两个可由热塑性复合材料制成。热塑性复合材料包括热塑性基体材料和分布并嵌入在基体材料内的增强材料。热塑性材料可以是工程聚合物,诸如聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯或热塑性烯烃(TPO)。增强材料可以是例如由玻璃、陶瓷、碳、矿物或其他聚合物(例如,凯夫拉尔(Kevlar))制成的短、长或连续的纤维。在一些实施例中,工件材料是碳和/或连续纤维增强的热塑性塑料(CFRTP)。在一些实施例中,工件材料是碳纤维增强的热塑性塑料,其中增强纤维不连续和/或足够短,以用于注射模制或传递模制。在一些情况下,纤维增强的热塑性塑料的碳和/或金属纤维用作感受器材料。
第一工件10的热塑性材料和第二工件12的热塑性材料可相同或不同。例如,无论增强材料是否相同,两个工件的热塑性材料都可以是聚酰胺6(PA6)。当两个部件的热塑性材料不同时,热塑性材料可相容或不相容。出于本公开的目的,如果两种热塑性材料相同或属于同一聚合物族,则认为它们是相容的。例如,所有聚酰胺都被认为彼此相容。对聚烯烃、丙烯酸类、苯乙烯类、热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯树脂、聚碳酸酯(PC)等也进行了同样的考虑。当一个工件的热塑性材料是热塑性合金时,如果另一个工件的热塑性材料包含合金的热塑性组分,则认为该另一个工件的热塑性材料与其相容。例如,聚(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)(ABS)被认为与PC/ABS合金相容。当感受器材料16包括热塑性材料时,相同的相容性准则适用于感受器材料16。
在一些实施例中,感受器材料16是膜,该膜包括与工件10、12中的一个或两个的热塑性材料相容的聚合层。例如,第一工件10可由玻璃增强的PA6材料形成,并且感受器材料16可以是或可包括其中嵌入有导电材料(例如,碳纤维)的聚酰胺层。在其中两个工件的热塑性材料相同或相容的实施例中,感受器材料16可包括与工件热塑性材料中的至少一种相容的聚合材料层。换句话说,当第一工件的热塑性材料与第二工件的热塑性材料相容时,感受器材料中的聚合材料的单一层可在连结界面处的所有聚合材料之间产生良好的材料间结合。当然,在工件材料相容的情况下,感受器材料中不需要聚合物即可实现良好的结合。然而,在感受器材料中包括聚合层可比不具有聚合组分的导电层产生更好的结合,因为聚合物有助于填充在连结界面处可能存在的缺陷或间隙,尤其是在工件具有高纤维(例如碳纤维)或其他填料负载的情况下。
在其中两个工件的热塑性材料不相容的实施例中,感受器材料可包括与每种热塑性材料相容的聚合材料层。例如,如果第一工件包括聚碳酸酯,并且第二工件包括ABS,则感受器材料可包括PC/ABS合金层。在一些实施例中,感受器材料可包括与第一工件的热塑性材料相容的一个聚合层和与第二工件的热塑性材料相容的第二聚合层。在感受器材料的两个聚合层之间也可包括一个或多个附加的粘合剂层或增容层。
图4-6是图1-3的相同工件10、12在接合工件的方法的不同阶段期间的剖视图。在该示例中,将感受器材料16以连续膜的形式引入在工件10、12之间,该连续膜跨越工件的相对的突出部18、20和接受部22、24。部分地由于其较小的厚度,感受器材料16的膜足够柔性以变形,并且因此如在图5中当将工件10、12放在一起时呈现连结界面26的形状。以与图1-3的示例中的方式相同的方式实行工件的感应加热和压制以接合工件,从而沿着连结界面形成曲折且连续的连结部。
图7-10是另一组第一工件10和第二工件12在接合工件以形成组装制品14的方法的不同阶段的剖视图。在图7中,第一工件10和第二工件12布置在热熔工具的第一部分40和第二部分42之间。工件被取向成第一工件10的突出部18朝向第二工件12延伸并且与第二工件12的接受部20对准。图8示出在将工件在连结界面26处放在一起的步骤之后的工件10、12,并且图9示出在感应加热和压制步骤期间的工件,在该感应加热和压制步骤期间,将工件中的一个或两个重塑并且/或者使突出部18变形以在连结界面26处形成互锁28。图10示出在将工具部分40、42分离之后的组装制品14。
在该示例中,突出部18是凸台或立柱,并且接受部20是延伸通过第二工件12的厚度的孔口。突出部18从基部30到远侧端部34的高度大于第二工件在接受部20处的厚度,并且突出部的最大直径或宽度小于接受部的最小直径或宽度。如图8中,当将工件10、12放在一起(其中突出部18与接受部20对准并被该接受部20接纳)时,突出部完全延伸通过第二工件,其中基部30在连结界面26处并且远侧端部34在第二工件的相对侧上。在工件的表面彼此相对处—即,在工件的水平面之间并且沿着图8中的接受部的垂直壁限定连结界面26。
工具的第一部分40支撑第一工件10并且包括感受器材料16,该感受器材料16沿着与突出部18相对的侧面44与第一工件接触。在该示例中,感受器材料16可呈工具插入件的形式,或工具的第一部分可由感受器材料构成,该感受器材料在这种情况下不包含聚合组分。当呈现用于组装时,第一工件10具有通常与突出部18对准的凹痕46。凹痕46可被认为是由在突出部18下方热塑性材料的局部增加的质量引起的第一工件中的视觉缺陷或不期望的平坦度缺乏。凹痕46可以是由于先前的塑性模制过程而产生的,这是由于在工件的局部较厚区域处的过度内部收缩所致。
与第一工件10的背侧面44接触的第一工具部分40的表面是平坦的,并且工具的第二部分42的表面包括与突出部18对准的凹部48。如在图8中,在将工件10、12放在一起之后,使工具部分40、42朝向彼此。使工具部分40、42朝向彼此移动,直到工具的第二部分42接触第一工件10和第二工件12两者并且将工件压制在一起,如图9所示。在第二工具部分接触第二工件12之前,可被加热或超声激活的工具的第二部分42的凹部48接触突出部18的端部34,使得在突出部的端部处形成互锁28。通过以在工具的第二部分42中的凹部48的形状形成的头部提供互锁28。
除了压制步骤之外,图9还描绘了通过施加感应场38进行感应加热的步骤。在这种情况下,感受器材料16与第一工件10的背侧面44接触,使得感应加热的感受器材料16传导地加热并因此软化第一工件的热塑性材料。至少在将第一工件10的热塑性材料软化的同时执行压制步骤。热塑性材料的软化和压制的组合通过迫使工件的背侧面44呈现第一工具部分40的表面的平坦形状来重塑第一工件10以至少部分地去除凹痕46。在这种情况下,通过组合的感应加热和施加的压力进行的重塑在与突出部18变形以形成互锁28不同的位置处。然而,也可将感应加热施加到工具的第二部分42中的感受器材料以加热凹部48,用于对突出部进行组合的加热和重塑以形成互锁28。
与图1-6的实施例相同,突出部18和接受部20可在数量、形状、尺寸、取向、间隔、布局、用于形成互锁的变形的模式等方面变化,并且工件10、12可由相同或不同的基于热塑性的材料(包括热塑性复合材料)形成。另外,所示实施例的特征可以以各种方式组合。例如,在图1-6的示例中,可包括附加的感受器材料,作为沿着第一工件10的与突出部18相对的侧面的支撑工具部分的一部分,使得将连结界面26和工件10的背侧面两者加热、软化并且重塑,以实现与第二工件的对应接受部的所示的互锁28,并且同时使第一工件的背侧面平坦或从该背侧面去除凹痕。在一些实施例中,与第一工件接触的第一工具部分40的表面是纹理化表面,其中当将热塑性材料软化时,将其纹理赋予第一工件。即使未完全去除凹痕,表面纹理也可帮助隐藏凹痕。
在一些实施例中,工件中的一个由诸如金属材料的非聚合材料形成。例如,第二工件12可由在示出的示例中的任一个中的金属或其他非聚合材料形成。在图1-6的示例中,第二工件12的接受部22可预形成有底切特征,以接纳第一工件10的配合突出部,其热塑性材料在感应加热期间软化并变形以形成互锁28。在这种情况下,金属第二工件12可用作感受器材料并且可相对于第一工件的任何导电填充材料被优先加热。在图7-10的示例中,金属第二工件12也可用作感受器材料并且软化第一工件10的与其接触的部分。优先加热工件、膜和组装工具中的哪种导电材料也可至少部分地通过它们相对于感应场的取向和接近度来控制。
优选示例性实施例和具体示例的以上描述在本质上仅是描述性的;它们不旨在限制所附权利要求的范围。除非在本说明书中另外具体地且明确地陈述,否则在所附权利要求中使用的术语中的每个应被赋予其普通且惯常的含义。

Claims (10)

1.一种接合工件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将第一工件和第二工件在连结界面处放在一起,使得所述第一工件的突出部与所述第二工件的接受部对准,其中所述第一工件包括热塑性材料;
将与所述热塑性材料接触的感受器材料感应加热,使得所述热塑性材料软化;
在将所述热塑性材料软化的同时将所述第一工件和所述第二工件压制在一起,从而在将所述热塑性材料软化处重塑所述第一工件,
其中使所述突出部变形以在所述连结界面处与所述接受部形成互锁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料在所述感应加热步骤期间处于所述连结界面处,使得所述第二工件的热塑性材料在所述感应加热步骤期间软化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料是膜,所述膜包括与所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料相容的聚合材料,使得所述膜的所述聚合材料和所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述感受器材料是膜,所述膜包括与所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料相容的聚合材料的第一层和与所述第二工件的热塑性材料相容的聚合材料的第二层,使得聚合材料的所述第一层和所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起,并且聚合材料的所述第二层和所述第二工件的所述热塑性材料在加热并压制在一起时混合并结合在一起,所述第一工件的所述热塑性材料不同于所述第二工件的所述热塑性材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在将所述工件放一起的所述步骤之前,将所述感受器材料嵌入所述第一热塑性材料中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一工件由热塑性复合材料形成,所述热塑性复合材料包括分布在基体材料内的导电纤维,其中所述纤维是所述感受器材料,并且所述热塑性材料是所述基体材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述感应加热步骤之前,所述第一工件、所述第二工件、所述感受器材料或其任何组合包括碳纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述突出部具有尺寸经设定的宽度,以在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤之前被所述接受部接纳,当使所述突出部变形时,所述宽度增大,使得不能够从所述接受部中移除所述突出部,从而形成所述互锁。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤期间,使所述第二工件的突出部与所述第一工件的接受部对准,并且在所述感应加热步骤期间,所述第二工件的热塑性材料软化,使所述第二工件的所述突出部在所述压制步骤期间变形,以与所述第一工件的所述接受部形成互锁。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述突出部是所述第一工件的多个突出部中的一个,并且所述接受部是所述第二工件的多个接受部中的一个,在将所述工件放在一起的所述步骤期间,使每个突出部与对应的接受部对准,并且
其中通过同时在所述对应的接受部中的每个中的所述突出部中的每个的变形来形成对应的多个互锁。
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