CN106456342B - 可骨整合的装置 - Google Patents

可骨整合的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106456342B
CN106456342B CN201580029853.0A CN201580029853A CN106456342B CN 106456342 B CN106456342 B CN 106456342B CN 201580029853 A CN201580029853 A CN 201580029853A CN 106456342 B CN106456342 B CN 106456342B
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Prior art keywords
implantation material
material according
main body
implantation
bone
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CN201580029853.0A
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CN106456342A (zh
Inventor
M·艾尔姆德瑞斯
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Bone Integration Technology Holdings Ltd
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Bone Integration Technology Holdings Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2014901404A external-priority patent/AU2014901404A0/en
Application filed by Bone Integration Technology Holdings Ltd filed Critical Bone Integration Technology Holdings Ltd
Publication of CN106456342A publication Critical patent/CN106456342A/zh
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
    • A61B17/7283Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special cross-section of the nail
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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Abstract

本发明公开一种被布置用于整合到患者的骨骼骨中的植入物,其包括:具有至少一个端部的主体,所述主体被布置来基本上模拟骨骼骨的一部分;其中所述至少一个端部包括增大部分,所述增大部分被布置来在使用中防止所述植入物迁移到患者的肉中。

Description

可骨整合的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于骨整合到患者体内的装置。本发明的实施方案具有特定的但不排他的使用:提供被布置成适合并且整合患者腿部中缺失的股骨或胫骨的一部分的骨整合组件。然而,将理解本发明具有更广泛的应用。
背景技术
以下的背景技术讨论仅仅旨在帮助理解本发明。这一讨论不确认或承认:在申请的优先权日参考的任何材料现在是或曾经是公知常识的一部分。
骨整合是向截肢患者提供与患者的骨骼相整合的修复植入物的技术。即是,在活骨与承载植入物表面之间具有直接接触的植入物。骨整合通过提供更强壮且更持久的植入物,显著地提高骨与关节置换手术,进而为截肢者提供更高的生活质量。
在目前使用的一些骨整合植入物中,骨架整合植入物通过截肢残端中的开口连接到体外假肢。这允许与地面的直接接触,从而提供更高的稳定性、更多控制并且使施加的能量最小化。
由于植入物与体外假肢之间有直接连接,所以患者不必使用所谓的“吸力”假体。不能长期穿戴吸力假体或不得不坐轮椅的患者可得益于骨整合植入物。实际上,双腿截肢者已经能够通过骨整合变得可移动。
在目前使用的一些其他骨整合植入物中,例如像US2014/0195002和US 2014/0156022的主题植入物,植入物的一部分与植入物的延伸到截骨之外的部分抵靠截骨形成桥基。在这些情况中,通过抵靠截骨形成植入物桥基界面。在这种高压的区域中,这种植入物桥基在植入物与骨之间不可避免地产生小间隙。在这些存在小间隙的区域内,细菌可形成菌落,从而可能导致炎症和感染。
在以上参考US 2014/0195002和US 2014/0156022提及的目前使用的其他骨整合植入物中,从植入物桥基向外延伸的植入物具有与患者软组织对接的区域,从而会引起软组织与植入物之间的摩擦。
正是在这种背景下开发了本发明的实施方案。
发明内容
在第一方面,本发明提供一种被布置用于整合到患者的骨骼骨中的植入物,所述植入物包括具有至少一个端部的主体,所述主体被布置来基本上模拟骨骼骨的一部分,其中所述至少一个端部包括增大部分,所述增大部分被布置来在使用中防止植入物迁移到患者的肉中。
骨骼骨可以是股骨。
骨骼骨可以是胫骨。
增大部分可通过使增大部分向外展开而形成。
增大部分可通过使增大部分相对于主体成阶梯状而形成。
增大部分的至少一部分的宽度可大于主体的宽度。
至少一个端部可被布置成位于骨骼骨内。
至少一个端部可被布置成位于形成在骨骼骨内的凹部内。
增大部分可包括被布置来在使用中接收联接部件的联接部分。
联接部分还可包括锁定销。锁定销可以是渐缩的。
主体可包括被布置来帮助将植入物骨整合到骨骼骨中的涂层。在一个实施方案中,涂层包括被布置来帮助将植入物骨整合到现有骨骼骨中的多孔结构。多孔结构可由钛形成,所述多孔结构可进而通过等离子体沉积工艺来形成。
植入物的尺寸可被设定来置换人股骨的至少一部分。植入物还可具有弯曲的形状,被布置来模拟人股骨的曲线。
在一个实施方案中,植入物的主体还包括沿着主体的一部分延伸的至少一个突出部,其中所述突出部被布置来在使用中防止植入物相对于骨骼骨进行旋转。突出部可以是至少一个花键。至少一个花键可沿着植入物的主体纵向地延伸。
植入物可具有第二端部。
第二端部可以是渐缩的。
第二端部可包括第二联接部分。
植入物的至少一个端部的一部分可涂布有生理学惰性物质。生理学惰性物质可以是铌。
联接部件可包括螺纹部分,所述螺纹部分被布置来接收假体装置上的对应联接部分。
在另一个方面,本发明提供一种将植入物手术地植入患者的骨骼骨中的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:在患者骨中形成纵向空腔,所述空腔被布置来在使用中接收植入物,其中空腔包括至少一个端部,其中空腔的至少一个端部还包括阶梯状部分,所述阶梯状部分形成来基本上模拟植入物的形状;以及将植入物植入空腔中。
在又另一个方面,本发明提供一种手术地准备患者的骨骼骨以接收植入物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:在患者骨中形成纵向空腔,所述空腔包括至少一个端部,空腔被布置来在使用中接收植入物,其中空腔的至少一个端部还包括阶梯状部分,所述阶梯状部分形成来基本上模拟植入物的形状。
附图说明
本发明的另外特征将在其若干非限制性实施方案的以下描述中被更充分地描述。本说明书被包括仅仅是用于举例说明本发明的目的。不应理解为对上述的本发明的宽泛概述、公开或描述的限制。现将参考附图来进行描述,其中:
图1和图2是根据本发明的实施方案的骨整合植入物的侧视图;
图3是根据本发明的实施方案的骨整合植入物的投影图;
图4是根据本发明的实施方案的骨整合植入物被植入股骨中时的侧视图;
图5A至5C是第一耦合构件的前视图、侧视图和投影图,所述第一耦合构件被布置成与根据本发明的实施方案的骨整合植入物联接;
图6A至6C是第二联接构件的前视图、侧视图和投影图,所述第二联接构件被布置成与图5A至5C的第一联接构件联接;
图7是根据本发明的第二实施方案的植入物装置的侧视图;
图8是图7的植入物装置的投影图;
图9是图7的植入物装置植入胫骨时的侧视图;
图10是图7的植入物装置在另一端部处带有假体的顶视图;
图11是图7的植入物装置的侧视图;
图12是根据本发明的第三实施方案的骨整合植入物的侧视图;
图13是图12的骨整合植入物的投影图;
图14是图12的骨整合植入物的侧视图;
图15A至15C是第一联接部件的前视图、侧视图和投影图,所述第一联接部件被布置成在一个端部处与图12的骨整合植入物联接;
图16是根据本发明的第四实施方案的骨整合植入物的透视图;
图17是图16的骨整合植入物的透视图;
图18是根据本发明的第五实施方案的骨整合植入物的侧视图;
图19是根据本发明的第六实施方案的骨整合植入物的侧视图;
图20是图19的用于骨整合植入物的一部分的接收部分的侧视图;
图21是与图19的骨整合植入物一同使用的延伸部的区段的侧视图;
图22是与图19的骨整合植入物一同使用的延伸部的区段的侧视图;
图23是根据本发明的第六实施方案的骨整合植入物的侧视图;并且
图24是根据本发明的第六实施方案的骨整合植入物的侧视图。
实施方案的描述
广泛地,本发明的实施方案涉及被布置用于整合到患者现有骨骼骨中的植入物。此类植入物通常称为“骨整合”植入物。本发明的植入物特别适合于植入长骨中,诸如股骨、胫骨或肱骨。
在随后的描述中,连续附图中的相同参考号是指相同的或功能相同的部件。
参考图1至图4,本文所描述的实施方案,具有主体102的植入物100具有远端104。植入物100十分适合于整合到股骨中。这不意味着植入物100仅适合于与股骨一同使用。
在一个布置中,为了生物相容性选用了铸钛作为植入物100。技术人员将认识到,可以使用生物相容的替代材料,诸如钛合金、复合材料或其他材料。
主体102是细长的,因为它被布置成基本上模拟骨骼骨的一部分。在本文所描述的实施方案中,植入物100被设计来植入患者腿部中,作为患者股骨的部分置换物。患者是寻求使用假肢并且要求植入物充当假肢“附接”点的截肢者。“附接”
包括向外展开部分106的远端104相对于主体102被增大,在使用中被布置来防止植入物迁移到患者的肉中。骨整合植入物受到植入物‘端部’的组织的影响,其必要地通向空气并且穿过患者的肉和皮肤,在患者穿戴假肢时被缓慢地‘向上推动’(即,向上迁移),所述假肢对植入物施加向上压力并且因此会导致植入物的端部迁移到患者腿部的肉中。相比之下,本文所描述的实施方案利用向外展开部分106来防止植入物‘向上迁移’到患者腿部中。
向外展开部分106的尺寸和形状被设定成位于凹部155内,所述凹部155形成在骨110的裸露端157中。因此,向外展开部分106的周长小于其待插入的骨骼骨的周长。凹部155的形状被设定成使得向外展开部分106的端部与骨110的端部平齐。
在插入植入物之后,当向外展开部分106与骨110的端部平齐时,外科医生可将皮肤缝合到围绕植入物的骨的外部。当向外展开部分106不再延伸超出骨110的端部时,不存在使细菌部落滋生的部位。这大大减少了围绕植入部位的组织由于细菌活动而引起的炎症、感染和破坏的风险。
此外,在插入植入物之后,当向外展开部分106与骨110的端部平齐时,围绕骨110的软组织不再粘着到植入物。因此,通过植入物100传输(诸如通过行走或其他方式)的力直接通过植入物100和骨110传递,并且不会通过套节或通过软组织耗散。这使得能量损失最小化。
向外展开部分106的端部用纳米粒子进行涂布或高度抛光,以使围绕植入物的软组织与患者感受到的合力刺激之间的摩擦最小化。
当软组织不再粘着到植入物100时,所以围绕植入物106和骨的肌肉和软组织被促使以自然方式粘着到骨骼。这使肌肉耗损量最小化或被消除,并且允许患者感受到行走时或以其他方式无法感受到的感官交互作用。
向外展开部分106相对于主体部分102是增大的,使得所述向外展开部分比主体部分102宽。这导致向外展开部分106的横截面面积大于主体部分102的横截面面积。
向外展开部分106的至少一部分被生理学惰性物质覆盖,以减少部位处的感染或免疫反应的可能性,在所述部位处植入物100从患者腿部的残端处突出。在本文所描述的实施方案中,生理学惰性物质是铌,但是将理解可使用其他涂层,诸如金或已知或发现为生理学惰性的任何其他涂层。此类变型处于本领域技术人员的知识范围内。
植入物100的远端104还包括联接部件107,所述联接部件107被布置来接收联接部件(其将在后文更详细地描述)。
除了具有涂层的向外展开部分106,主体102的至少一部分也可具有涂层(通常用108表示),这具有帮助将植入物100整合到现有骨骼骨(在图4中示出为110)中的目的。
在一个实施方案中,涂层是合适的多孔结构,这帮助促使骨生长到多孔结构中,从而帮助植入物骨整合到现有骨骼骨中。在一个实施方案中,多孔结构由钛形成,通过使用等离子体沉积工艺使所述钛沉积在主体102的表面上。
植入物具有在区域112处大体可见的弯曲形状,所述弯曲形状被布置来模拟人股骨的曲线。将理解,因为可能被要求来满足某些生理约束,所以不同类型的植入物可具有不同的形状和轮廓。此类变型处于本领域技术人员的知识范围内。
植入物100的主体102还包括沿着主体102的一部分延伸的至少一个突出部114。所述突出部被布置来在使用中防止植入物相对于骨骼骨旋转,当植入物100定位在骨骼骨内部时通过提供‘抓握’来防止所述植入物旋转。在附图所示的实施方案中,突出部114是沿着植入物的主体延伸的至少一个花键。然而,将理解,实现相同功能的其他变型可包括提供凸起图案(‘锯齿形’图案)、圆周脊、或其他简单或复杂的图案。
植入物100还具有渐缩的近端116,以允许患者也接收人造髋关节植入物(或其他植入物)。
在一个布置中,至少一个突出部114定位在邻近近端116的区域中。用于生物粘着的多孔部分108定位成邻近远端104。
现在参考图5A至图5C和图6A至图6C,示出包括螺纹部分252的第一联接部件250,所述螺纹部分252被布置来接收对应的联接部分254,所述联接部分254连接到假体装置(未示出)。
参考图7至图11,本文所描述的第二实施方案中,植入物200包括具有至少一个端部204的主体202。主体202是细长的,因为它被布置来基本上模拟骨骼骨的一部分并且在本文所描述的示例性实施方案中,植入物被布置来模拟人患者胫骨的至少一部分。这不意味着植入物200仅适合于与胫骨一同使用。
植入物200可以通过3D打印或如本领域技术人员所理解的其他手段来形成,并且由生物相容材料制成。
因为植入物200被布置来模拟胫骨的一部分,所以它具有大体上三角形的横截面轮廓以适于胫骨的横截面轮廓。本领域技术人员将认识到那些变型。
包括向外展开部分206的远端204在使用中被布置来防止植入物迁移到患者的骨中。骨整合植入物受到植入物‘端部’的组织的影响,其必要地通向空气并且穿过患者的肉和皮肤,在患者穿戴假肢时被缓慢地‘向上推动’(即,向上迁移),所述假肢对植入物施加向上压力并且因此会导致植入物的端部迁移到患者腿部的骨中。相比之下,本文所描述的实施方案利用向外展开部分206来在骨上分摊向上压力,并且进而防止植入物‘向上迁移’到患者腿部中。
还将理解,植入物的向外展开部分206具有基本上三角形的横截面(即,在所示的实施方案中,由圆角连接的三个基本上笔直的壁,如图11所示)。然而,应注意主体202具有基本上圆的(圆形的)横截面。即是,植入物200在远端204处基本上呈三角形会聚,在主体202处基本上是圆的。
主体202的至少一部分由粗糙涂层208覆盖,所述粗糙涂层208帮助将主体202骨整合到患者骨中。在一个实施方案中,涂层是合适的多孔结构,这帮助促使骨生长到多孔结构中,从而帮助植入物骨整合到骨骼骨中。在一个实施方案中,多孔结构由钛形成,通过使用等离子体沉积工艺使所述钛沉积在主体202的表面上。
向外展开部分206的尺寸和形状被设定成位于凹部内,所述凹部形成在骨的裸露端中。因此,向外展开部分206的周长小于其待插入的骨骼骨的周长。凹部的形状被设定成使得向外展开部分206的端部与骨的端部平齐。
在插入植入物之后,当向外展开部分206与骨的端部平齐时,外科医生可将皮肤缝合到围绕植入物的骨的外部。当向外展开部分106不再延伸超出骨的端部时,不存在使细菌部落滋生的部位。这大大减少了围绕植入部位的组织由于细菌活动而引起的炎症、感染和破坏的风险。
此外,在插入植入物之后,当向外展开部分206与骨的端部平齐时,围绕骨的软组织不再粘着到植入物。因此,通过植入物200传输(诸如通过行走或其他方式)的力直接通过植入物200和骨传递,并且不会通过套节或通过软组织耗散。这使得能量损失最小化。
向外展开部分206的端部用纳米粒子进行涂布或高度抛光,以使围绕植入物的软组织与患者感受到的合力刺激之间的摩擦最小化。
当软组织不再粘着到植入物200时,所以围绕植入物206和骨的肌肉和软组织被促使以自然方式粘着到骨骼.这使肌肉耗损量最小化或被消除,并且允许患者感受到行走时或以其他方式无法感受到的感官交互作用。
向外展开部分206相对于主体部分202是增大的,使得所述向外展开部分比主体部分202宽。这导致向外展开部分106的横截面面积大于主体部分202的横截面面积。
植入物200的远端204还包括联接部件207,所述联接部件207被布置来接收联接部分。
植入物200的主体202还包括沿着主体202的一部分延伸、邻近远端204的至少一个突出部212。所述突出部被布置来在使用中防止植入物相对于骨骼骨进行旋转,当植入物200定位在骨骼骨内部时通过提供‘抓握’来防止所述植入物旋转。在附图所示的实施方案中,突出部214是沿着植入物的主体延伸的至少一个花键。然而,将理解,实现相同功能的其他变型可包括提供凸起图案(‘锯齿形’图案)、圆周脊、或其他简单或复杂的图案。
植入物还包括至少一个固定点214,所述至少一个固定点214在实施方案中被描述为‘螺孔’,所述‘螺孔’被布置来提供一个或多个固定点以允许通过使用适当的螺钉或其他固定装置将植入物固定到胫骨。
在一个布置中,主体202包括中心孔299。可通过中心孔将螺钉放置在固定点214中,并且当植入物200处于适当位置时随后将螺钉旋进周围的骨中。
将理解,固定点214可以呈螺纹衬套的形式。在固定点214是螺纹衬套的情况下,在将植入物200插入骨中之前螺钉可以部分地插入穿过固定点214。当植入物200插入骨中时,可以将部分插入的螺钉完全旋进穿过中央孔并且与骨接合。
在替代的实施方案中,可以将夹具放置在骨外部的上方以定位固定点214,并且螺钉可以从骨外部插入穿过固定点214。
植入物200还具有包括第二附接点的近端216。
图1至图6c的植入物可包括与那些固定点214类似的一个或多个固定点。
参考图12至图14,在本文所描述的第三实施方案中,植入物300包括具有至少一个端部304的主体302。主体302是细长的,因为它被布置成基本上模拟骨骼骨的一部分。在本文所描述的实施方案中,植入物300被设计来植入患者腿部中,作为患者股骨的部分置换物。患者是寻求使用假肢并且要求植入物充当假肢“附接”点的截肢者。
包括阶梯状部分306的至少一个端部304在使用中被布置来防止植入物迁移到患者的骨中。骨整合植入物受到植入物‘端部’的组织的影响,其必要地通向空气并且穿过患者的肉和皮肤,在患者穿戴假肢时被缓慢地‘向上推动’(即,向上迁移),所述假肢对植入物施加向上压力并且因此会导致植入物的端部迁移到患者腿部的骨中。相比之下,本文所描述的实施方案利用阶梯状部分306来防止植入物‘向上迁移’到患者腿部中。
阶梯状部分306的至少一部分被生理学惰性物质覆盖,以减少部位处的感染或免疫反应的可能性,在所述部位处植入物300接触患者腿部的肉。在本文所描述的实施方案中,生理学惰性物质是铌,但是将理解可使用其他涂层,诸如金或已知或发现为生理学惰性的任何其他涂层。此类变型处于本领域技术人员的知识范围内。
植入物300的至少一个端部304还包括联接部件307,所述联接部件307被布置来接收联接部分(其将在后文更详细地描述)。
除了具有涂层的阶梯状部分306,主体302的至少一部分也可具有涂层(通常用308表示),这具有帮助将植入物300整合到骨骼骨(在图14中示出为310)中的目的。
在一个实施方案中,涂层是合适的多孔结构,这帮助促使骨生长到多孔结构中,从而帮助植入物骨整合到骨骼骨中。在一个实施方案中,多孔结构由钛形成,通过使用等离子体沉积工艺使所述钛沉积在主体302的表面上。
植入物具有在区域312处大体可见的弯曲形状,所述弯曲形状被布置来模拟人股骨的曲线。将理解,因为可能被要求来满足某些骨骼和解剖约束,所以不同类型的植入物可具有不同的形状和轮廓。此类变型处于本领域技术人员的知识范围内。
植入物300的主体302还包括沿着主体302的一部分延伸的至少一个突出部314。所述突出部被布置来在使用中防止植入物相对于骨骼骨旋转,当植入物300定位在骨骼骨内部时通过提供‘抓握’来防止所述植入物旋转。在附图所示的实施方案中,突出部314是沿着植入物的主体延伸的至少一个花键。然而,将理解,实现相同功能的其他变型可包括提供凸起图案(‘锯齿形’图案)、圆周脊、或其他简单或复杂的图案。
植入物300还可具有渐缩的第二端部316,以允许患者也接收可以被附接到腿部植入物的人造髋关节植入物(或其他植入物)。
现在参考图15A至图15B,示出被布置来与植入物300配合的联接部件。联接部件400包括被布置来锁定地开槽到植入物300中的锁定槽402。联接部件还包括连接器接合突起404,所述连接器接合突起404被布置来与锁定销通道406配合来直接或间接地连接假体装置(未示出),所述锁定销通道406被布置来接收销(未示出)以将假体(未示出)锁定到联接部件400。
现在参考图16、图17和图18,示出本发明的第四实施方案,其中骨整合植入物200可附接到胫骨底板290。胫骨底板290用于膝盖置换物中。骨整合植入物200的近端216是渐缩的并且包括接收凹部291,所述接收凹部291被布置来接收胫骨底板290中的突出部292。当突出部292被接收在接收凹部291中时,在固定点293和294处通过使用螺钉、螺栓或如本领域技术人员将理解的其他固定手段可将这两者固定在一起。图18是到骨整合植入物200的延伸部280。
尽管已经参考膝盖置换物和胫骨骨整合植入物描述了图16、图17和图18,技术人员将认识到这将应用于使用底板的其他关节置换物。
现在参考图19,示出本发明的第五实施方案,其中未示出的肱骨骨整合植入物可附接到肱骨头置换物502。肱骨骨整合植入物包括以上讨论的骨整合植入物100的特征。肱骨骨整合植入物包括延伸部500,不同的是近端516包括接收凹部591。肱骨头置换物502包括突出部592,所述突出部592被布置来插入延伸部500的接收凹部591中。当突出部592被接收在接收凹部591中时,在固定点593和594处通过使用螺钉、螺栓或如本领域技术人员将理解的其他固定手段可将这两者固定在一起。
现在参考图20,示出本发明的第六实施方案,其中髋关节置换物602被布置成在用于股骨中时可附接到骨整合植入物100。髋关节置换物602包括凹部692,所述凹部692被布置来接收骨整合植入物100的近端116。当近端116被接收在凹部691中时,通过使用螺钉、螺栓或如本领域技术人员将理解的其他固定手段可将这两者固定在一起。
图21示出延伸部分702。图22示出延伸部分700,所述延伸部分700包括凹部701以连接到近端116、216,所述近端116、216延长了骨整合植入物100、200的长度。
图23示出本发明的第七实施方案,其中骨整合植入物800类似于带有固定点814的骨整合植入物100的实施方案。固定点814以与固定点214相同的方式操作,但是定位在近端处而非远端处。
图24示出本发明的第八实施方案,其中骨整合植入物900类似于带有固定点914的骨整合植入物200的实施方案。固定点914以与固定点214相同的方式操作,但是定位在近端处而非远端处,并且接收部分916是异型凹部。
当然,将理解骨整合植入物可被制造成不同的尺寸,使得可向不同身高、体重和体形的不同患者提供正确尺寸。这可包括制造不同长度的植入物和/或具有不同径向轮廓的植入物。本文所描述并且定义的更广泛发明概念包括此类变型。
优点和工业实用性
本文所描述的实施方案和更广泛发明的优点之一是,本发明的向外展开的远端阻止植入物向上迁移到患者的肉中。
此外,本文所描述的实施方案提供防止植入物旋转的纵向花键。
植入物还优选地包括多孔涂层,诸如等离子体钛喷涂,这作用来引起并且帮助骨整合。
最后,实施方案中近端是渐缩的以允许患者要求的另外的髋/颈植入物。
免责声明
贯穿整个说明书,除非上下文另有要求,词“包括(comprise)”或变型诸如“包括(comprises)”或“包括(comprising)”将被理解成指示对声明的整个事物或整个事物组的包括而不是对任何其他整个事物或整个事物组的排除。
本领域技术人员将了解本文所述的本发明可以进行除明确描述的那些以外的变型和修改。应理解,本发明包括所有此类变型和修改。本发明也包括说明书中个别或共同提及或指示的所有特征,以及步骤或特征的任何和所有组合或步骤或特征中的任何两个或更多个。
本文中所选择的术语的其他定义可在本发明和应用的整个详细描述内。除非另外定义,否则本文中所用的所有其他科学、医学、工程和技术术语均具有与本发明所属领域一般技术人员通常所理解含义相同的含义。

Claims (22)

1.一种被布置用于整合到患者的骨骼骨中的植入物,其包括:
主体和至少一个端部,所述主体被布置成位于形成在骨内的通路内并且基本上模拟骨骼骨的一部分;
其中所述至少一个端部包括增大部分,所述增大部分被布置来在使用中防止所述植入物迁移到患者的所述骨骼骨中;并且
其中所述增大部分被布置成位于形成在所述骨骼骨的端部中的凹部内;
其中所述凹部连接到所述通路并且具有所述通路的较大直径;并且
其中包括所述增大部分的所述至少一个端部被布置成在使用时使得所述端部与所述骨骼骨的所述端部齐平;以及
其中所述至少一个端部作为假肢的附接点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所述增大部分的宽度窄于所述骨骼骨的所述宽度,使得所述增大部分完全位于形成在所述骨骼骨的端部中的所述凹部内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述增大部分远离所述主体向外展开。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述主体包括涂层,所述涂层被布置来帮助所述植入物骨整合到所述骨骼骨中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的植入物,其中所述涂层包括多孔结构,所述多孔结构被布置来帮助所述植入物骨整合到所述骨骼骨中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其中所述多孔结构由钛形成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植入物,其中所述多孔结构通过等离子体沉积工艺形成。
8.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述植入物的尺寸被设定成使其整合到人股骨中。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述植入物的所述主体具有弯曲的形状,被布置来模拟人股骨的曲线。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述植入物的尺寸被设定成使其整合到人胫骨的一部分中。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述植入物的所述主体具有弯曲的形状,被布置来模拟人胫骨的曲线。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述植入物的所述主体还包括沿着所述主体的一部分延伸的至少一个突出部,其中所述突出部被布置来在使用中防止所述植入物相对于所述骨骼骨进行旋转。
13.根据权利要求12所述的植入物,其中所述突出部是至少一个花键。
14.根据权利要求13所述的植入物,其中所述至少一个花键沿着所述植入物的所述主体纵向地延伸。
15.根据权利要求12所述的植入物,其包括多个花键,其中凹陷通道定位在相邻花键之间。
16.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其还包括第二端部,其中所述第二端部是渐缩的。
17.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述至少一个端部的一部分涂布有生理惰性物质。
18.根据权利要求17所述的植入物,其中所述生理惰性物质是铌。
19.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其还包括定位在所述植入物的所述至少一个端部处的联接部件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的植入物,其中所述联接部件包括螺纹部分,所述螺纹部分被布置来接收假体装置上的对应的联接部分。
21.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述主体包括远离所述增大部分的孔,所述孔被布置来接收锁定构件,所述锁定构件被布置来将所述主体固定到所述骨骼骨。
22.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物,其中所述植入物的所述主体大体上具有三角形轮廓。
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