CN106449847A - 一种具有垂直pn异质结的太阳能电池及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种具有垂直pn异质结的太阳能电池及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN106449847A
CN106449847A CN201611072891.7A CN201611072891A CN106449847A CN 106449847 A CN106449847 A CN 106449847A CN 201611072891 A CN201611072891 A CN 201611072891A CN 106449847 A CN106449847 A CN 106449847A
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monocrystalline silicon
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doped layer
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郭群超
王珺
朱红英
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H01L31/072Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/056Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52PV systems with concentrators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构,包括单晶硅片,在所述单晶硅片的一面设有背反射层,在所述单晶硅片的另一面设有绒面和减反射膜结构,在所述单晶硅片的一端设有正电极,单晶硅片的另一端设有负电极,在所述正电极的内侧设有P+掺杂层,在所述负电极的内侧设有N+掺杂层,在所述单晶硅片上还设有若干PN结结构,所述PN结结构包括P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层,在所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的外侧设有钝化层,所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层纵向设置在单晶硅片上,且所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的角度与入射光平行。

Description

一种具有垂直PN异质结的太阳能电池及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源电池领域,具体地说,特别涉及到一种具有垂直PN异质结的太阳能电池及其制作方法。
背景技术
参见图1,异质结本征薄膜太阳能电池在N型晶体硅衬底上生长出厚度约为10nm的P型非晶硅薄膜;为了降低电池的反向漏电流,需在中间夹入一层本征的非晶硅薄层,形成了异质结本征薄膜(HIT)太阳能电池结构。该结构具有以下两个特点:
1)有源区是由禁带宽度不同的非晶硅薄膜和晶体硅构成的异质结,提高了内建电场,增大了开路电压和短路电流。
2)采用禁带宽度大于晶体硅的非晶硅薄膜(Eg=1.7eV)作为光吸收层,增加了对能量较高的短波长太阳光的吸收,提高了转换效率。这种常规结构的异质结是一种反向的大面积二极管结构。在P和单晶硅、N和单晶硅之间都插入了一层本征的非晶硅i,作为钝化层。
但是,这种常规异质结电池的光生电动势由非晶硅的P层和N层产生光生电压,而电流由单晶硅片吸收太阳光产生。无论单面电池还是双面电池,可见光在到达吸收层之前必须经过P层或者N层,这样势必造成一定的光损失。而且P和N与吸收层的界面也会造成很大的光损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种具有垂直PN异质结的太阳能电池及其制作方法,以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明所解决的技术问题可以采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构,包括单晶硅片,在所述单晶硅片的一面设有背反射层,在所述单晶硅片的另一面设有绒面和减反射膜结构,在所述单晶硅片的一端设有正电极,单晶硅片的另一端设有负电极,在所述正电极的内侧设有P+掺杂层,在所述负电极的内侧设有N+掺杂层,在所述单晶硅片上还设有若干PN结结构,所述PN结结构包括P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层,在所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的外侧设有钝化层,所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层纵向设置在单晶硅片上,且所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的角度与入射光平行。
进一步的,所述绒面和减反射膜结构为多层膜或单层膜结构。
进一步的,所述正电极和负电极的材料为为铝、银、金、或铜。
一种具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构的制造工艺,包括如下步骤:
1)选取用作于基底的单晶硅片并清洗;
2)在所述单晶硅片的一面上制作制作绒面和减反射膜;
3)在所述单晶硅片上通过刻槽工艺制取凹槽,并在所述凹槽内沉积钝化层;在凹槽内的P+区和N+区沉积出入射光平行的P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层;
4)在所述单晶硅片的另一面上制备背反射层;
5)在所述单晶硅片的两侧分别金属正电极或金属负电极。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明突破常规的平面结构的PN结结构,采用了垂直结构的PN结,使太阳光直接入射到单晶硅吸收层,有效避免了常规电池的P+和N+层对太阳光的吸收造成的光损失,增加光线在电池内部的反射,从而有效提高电池的转换效率。
附图说明
图1为传统的异质结太阳能电池的结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述的异质结太阳能电池的结构示意图。
图中标号说明:单晶硅片1、钝化层2、金属电极3、P+掺杂层4、绒面和减反射膜结构5、N+掺杂层6、背反射层7。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
参见图2,本发明所述的一种具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构,包括单晶硅片1,在所述单晶硅片1的一面设有背反射层7,在所述单晶硅片1的另一面设有绒面和减反射膜结构5,在所述单晶硅片1的一端设有金属电极3(正电极),单晶硅片1的另一端设有金属电极3(负电极),在所述正电极的内侧设有P+掺杂层4,在所述负电极的内侧设有N+掺杂层6,在所述单晶硅片上还设有若干PN结结构,所述PN结结构包括P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层,在所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的外侧设有钝化层2,所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层纵向设置在单晶硅片上,且所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的角度与入射光平行。
一种垂直PN结的异质结太阳能电池的制作方法,包括以下主要步骤:
I.清洗基底:用化学溶液液对基底表面进行清洗;
II.清洗制备绒面:用化学或干法刻蚀办法或者激光方法实现绒面的制备。
III.刻槽:单晶硅片上用化学腐蚀或激光刻槽或者等离子体刻蚀办法实现刻槽;
IV.沉积钝化层:用PECVD或者LPCVD或者化学喷涂或者HWCVD等方法实现钝化层制备;
V.掩膜沉积PN结:在P+区、N+区对应的区域分别用PECVD或者HWCVD等方法沉积P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层;
VI.制作背反射层:在电池背面制作背反射层;
VII.制作正负电极:用电镀或者丝网印刷或者蒸发金属、PVD等办法制作电极。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (4)

1.一种具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构,其特征在于:包括单晶硅片,在所述单晶硅片的一面设有背反射层,在所述单晶硅片的另一面设有绒面和减反射膜结构,在所述单晶硅片的一端设有正电极,单晶硅片的另一端设有负电极,在所述正电极的内侧设有P+掺杂层,在所述负电极的内侧设有N+掺杂层,在所述单晶硅片上还设有若干PN结结构,所述PN结结构包括P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层,在所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的外侧设有钝化层,所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层纵向设置在单晶硅片上,且所述P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层的角度与入射光平行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构,其特征在于:所述绒面和减反射膜结构为多层膜或单层膜结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构,其特征在于:所述正电极和负电极的材料为为铝、银、金、或铜。
4.一种具有垂直PN异质结太阳能电池结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)选取用作于基底的单晶硅片并清洗;
2)在所述单晶硅片的一面上制作绒面和减反射膜;
3)在所述单晶硅片上通过刻槽工艺制取凹槽,并在所述凹槽内沉积钝化层;在凹槽内的P+区和N+区沉积出入射光平行的P+掺杂层和N+掺杂层;
4)在所述单晶硅片的另一面上制备背反射层;
5)在所述单晶硅片的两侧分别金属正电极或金属负电极。
CN201611072891.7A 2016-11-29 2016-11-29 一种具有垂直pn异质结的太阳能电池及其制作方法 Pending CN106449847A (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106409925A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-15 上海电机学院 一种新型晶体硅太阳能电池结构及其制造工艺
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Application publication date: 20170222