CN1064455C - 光纤电缆 - Google Patents

光纤电缆 Download PDF

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CN1064455C
CN1064455C CN95117789A CN95117789A CN1064455C CN 1064455 C CN1064455 C CN 1064455C CN 95117789 A CN95117789 A CN 95117789A CN 95117789 A CN95117789 A CN 95117789A CN 1064455 C CN1064455 C CN 1064455C
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optical fiber
cable
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CN1143193A (zh
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米歇尔·卡拉特
米歇尔·德·维齐
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Nexans France SAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02004Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
    • G02B6/02009Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02395Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03622Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
    • G02B6/03627Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03661Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
    • G02B6/03666Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - + - +
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401Optical cables
    • G02B6/441Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03605Highest refractive index not on central axis
    • G02B6/03611Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding

Abstract

本发明涉及一种光纤电缆,它包含分成各组件(2)的许多光纤(3),每个组件包覆有支承护层(4),其与组件(2)的外侧光纤(3B)相接,以便紧密地保持包含在所述组件中的光纤,使得它们相互机械地联接,整套组件(2)可放置在由绝缘材料制成的外护层(5)内,其中外护层(5)可与组件套的外侧组件(2B)相接,以便形成由所述组件(2)组成的致密构件。

Description

光纤电缆
本发明涉及一种光纤电缆。
特别是,它涉及一种这样型式的光纤电缆,其描述在专利申请EP-0468878或在题为“微型护层电缆:一种新型设计用于低费用用户回路的超轻量单模光缆”的文章(国际电线与电缆论文汇编1991)中,即具有很高密度光纤的光纤电缆,其特别适用于地区布线网络。这种电缆的结构在下面称作“微型护层结构”。
具有微型护层结构的电缆包含许多分成组或组件的光纤。在一些组件中,可以有由其它光纤环绕着的“内侧”光纤,还可以有直接与环绕每个组件的支承护层相接触的“外侧”光纤。以这种方式,每个组件的每个支承护层便可保持紧密包含在组件中的光纤,使得它们可以机械地相互结合。可将整套组件放置在绝缘材料制成的包覆层内,其中包覆层可与成套组件的外部组件相接,以便形成由所述组件套组成的紧密构件。以这种方式,当对电缆施加力时,它会传递给各光纤,并且其均匀地分布在所有光纤上。
由微型护层结构的电缆所造成的主要问题在于,事实上,由于施加到电缆上的力会分布在所有光纤上,因而它们会降低光纤的机械特性和它们的传输性能两者,特别是,由于它们被紧密地保持在支承护层中,而它们还要经受大的弯曲和微量弯曲。可以说,为了避免这种劣化,特别是当要在长距离上来安装电缆时,就有必要为该结构提供增强元件,并使得在每个组件中的光纤与其支承护层机械地分离,这意味着光纤在每个组件中必须保持疏松,由此减小所得电缆的致密度。另外,弯曲和微弯曲都会缩短光纤的寿命。
本发明的目的就是要解决这个问题,即提供一种具有紧密微型护层结构的电缆,其中能够使光纤一旦在电缆被安装时紧密地保持在一起而不会降低它们的传输性能水平或它们的机械特性。
为了达到该目的,本发明提供一种光纤电缆,它包含许多被分成各组件的光纤,每个所述组件包覆有支承护层,该护层与所述组件的外侧光纤相接,以便紧密地保持包含在所述组件中的所述光纤,使得它们机械地相互联接,将所述整套组件放置在由绝缘材料制成的外护层内,所述外护层与所述组件套的外侧组件相接,以便形成由所有所述组件组成的致密构件;
所述电缆的特征在于,每根所述光纤具有不长于1,350nm的截止波长,并且在靠近1,550nm的波长上具有处于7μm至9μm范围内的模场直径,并且其中所述每根光纤在其光包层上提供有基本上密封的护层;所述基本上密封的护层可选择由“外侧”护层所绕包,该外护层由塑料材料或可热固型的材料如树脂制成,最好是外护层为薄的。
当光纤经受弯曲和微弯曲时,它们的传输损耗会由于增加了衰减而增大。
通过选择对于每根光纤不长于1,350nm的截止波长,和在靠近1,550nm波长上处于7μm至9μm范围的模场直径,从而改善了传输,即传输损耗减小了,并由此避免了弯曲和微弯曲的不良影响。
当机械牵引或压缩力施加到电缆上时,光纤的机械性能会降低,并使它们的寿命缩短。
通过为每根光纤提供薄的密封护层(并因此不会有损于致密度),使光纤的寿命时间和机械特性增加,并由此避免了在这种类型的电缆中所产生的应力的不良影响。
通过在具有微型护层结构的电缆中使用这种光纤,就能够使光纤明显地减小时弯曲和微弯曲的敏感,这意味着它们可以借助支承护层而紧密地保持,并可以随意地省略用的承受施加在电缆上的力的增强元件。本发明的电缆由此会明显地比现有技术的电缆体积小,使得其很致密,并特别地适用于布线网络。
通过在每根光纤上绕包由热固型或塑料材料制成的外包层,就能够在有必要时进行任何表面的保护处理,并且还可以识别所得的包覆光纤,当外包层是由挤出塑料材料制成时,可得到的颜色结合的数量要比外包层由树脂制成时的多。
应当注意的是,在光纤上挤出由塑料制成的外包层会使光纤减小对微弯曲的敏感性。
本发明的其它特性和优点通过对本发明电缆的实施例、作为非限制性实例而给出的并参照附图的下列描述而更为清楚,其中:
图1是本发明电缆的截面图;
图2是用于本发明电缆中的光纤截面图;和
图3和4是用于本发明电缆中光纤的指数分布图的两个实例。
在所有附图中,共同元件采用相同标号。
图1表示本发明的电缆1,它包含多个光纤3的组件2。
每个组件2由许多光纤3组成,在某些组件2中,有“内侧”光纤,标为3A,它环绕以“外侧”光纤,标为3B,它们本身与用于组件2的支承护层4相接。支承护层4紧密地保持着光纤3,以便形成所述光纤的致密构件,所有光纤在组件2内相互联接,使得它们相互并与支承护层4机械地接合。
支承护层4可由任何适用的塑料材料制成,其最好是由具有大约70daN/mm2弹性模量并在光纤3上具有低滑动系数的材料制成,以便保证它们保持致密。例如,该材料可以是聚烯烃。支承护层4的厚度最好约为150μm,它们由此会很致密,并且很容易将它们撕开以便于连接。另外,支承护层4使得其能够保护光纤免受由于温度变化而产生的收缩和膨胀力。
可将所有组件2放置在由绝缘材料制成的保护外护层5内,其用以紧密保持各组件,使得它们相互联结,由此一些组件2成为内组件,象组件2A,和另外一些组件成为外组件,象组件2B。外护层5最好坚实(具有高弹性模量),尽管由于所用光纤的机械性能增加而使其不是本质性的。例如,构成外护层5的材料可以选自聚烯烃族。
其它外护层(未示出)可以放置在外护层5的周围。
为了进一步增强电缆1,特别是在长距离拉动以便将电缆1安装在管道中时,可将具有高弹性模量和比光纤要高的延伸率的增强元件(未示出)或是嵌入其外护层5中,或另外地包含在其所限定空间内,所述增强元件或是金属的,或是介电的,如可以以纤维束或玻璃纤维绞线的形式。
如图2中所示,每根光纤3包括由光纤护层32所环绕的光纤线芯31,其二者均可由基于二氧化硅的材料制成,按照本发明,光纤护层32可由薄密封外护层33来环绕,其具有如约0.5μm的厚度。作为例子,密封外护层33可以由碳、硼或基于氧化钛掺杂制成,从而施加到光纤护层32上。
还按照本发明,每根光纤3在靠近1,550nm的波长上具有处于7μm至9μm范围内的模场直径,并具有不长于1,350nm的截止波长,其最好在1,330nm的附近。
当然,光纤3在1,310nm波长上和1,550nm波长上均是同样可以很好工作。
任意地,每根光纤3还可在密封外护层33上提供以薄外护层34,其外护层可以或是由塑料材料通过挤出施加到光纤上而制成,或是由可热固型材料如树脂借助于包覆模具来施加而制成。外护层可以带有识别光纤的信息,特别是,可以用颜色来达到该目的。只有当有必要保护密封护层33时才需使用选择的外护层34。通过选择薄外护层34,还可以限制施加到光纤上的弯曲和微弯曲的量。
借助于其特殊结构,能够使光纤3特别经受弯曲和微弯曲,并且还能够比通常已知光纤更能经受施加到电缆上的应力,由此使其能够实现微型护层结构而不会降低传输性能水平。光纤3的结构使它们能够经受施加到性能水平。光纤3的结构使它们能够经受施加到电缆1上的应力,其应力均匀地分布于所有光纤上。特别是,对于本发明的电缆,由电缆制造的损耗小于0.05kB/km,而对于现有技术的电缆,该损耗大约是在0.1dB/km至1dB/km范围内。
本发明电缆的另一优点在于,它并不总是需要在封闭护层33上设置外护层,由此就能够改善光纤的致密度,从而增加电缆的密度,并且还能够对于给定数量的光纤而减少电缆的重量(在电缆给定截面积上二氧化硅的比例相对于塑料材料的比例会降低),由此在安装操作过程中使其很容易地拉动电缆。
在图3和4中示出了可获得该特性的两个非限制性指数图型的例子,其中光纤各部分的折射率与直接环绕于线芯的包层折射率之间的差△n作为光纤轴距d、光纤线芯半径a的函数而给出。
术语“光纤线芯”通常是指传递光能最好的光纤部分,术语“光纤包层”通常是指环绕光纤线芯的光纤部分。
下列尺寸通过例子而给出:
在光纤包层32上的光纤3的直径:125μm±3μm;
碳护层33的厚度:0.5μm;
外护层34的厚度:大约200μm;
在1,550nm波长上的模场直径2Wo:7.5μm≤2Wo≤9μm;和
截止波长λc:1,200nm≤λc≤1,280nm(其中λc不长于
             1,350nm)。
当然,本发明不限于上述实施例。
特别是,本发明得到了对于所用光纤的微弯曲具有很低的敏感性,并且它们还增大了耐应力的能力,各种材料均可选择用于支承护层4和外护层5。对于支承护层4,材料最好选择使其能够形成良好护层,使其能够足以紧密地保持光纤3。
组件的支承护层可以具有不同的颜色,使它们能够很容易地加以识别。
组件2和外护层5之间的空隙可以填充以密封剂,就象组件2内的光纤之间的空隙一样。
许多变型均是可能的,但其不会脱离本发明的构思。

Claims (7)

1.一种光纤电缆,它包含分成各组件的许多光纤,每个所述组件包覆有支承护层,其与所述组件的外侧光纤相接,以便紧密地保持包含在所述组件中的所述光纤,使得它们相互机械地联接,整套所述组件可放置在由绝缘材料制成的外护层内,所述外护层可与所述组件套的外侧组件相接,以便形成由所有所述组件组成的致密构件;
所述电缆的特征在于,每根所述光纤具有不长于1,350nm的截止波长,并且在靠近1,550nm的波长上,具有处于7μm至9μm范围内的模场直径,并且其中每根所述光纤在其光纤包层上提供有基本上密封的护层。
2.按权利要求1的电缆,其特征在于所述基本密封护层由外护层所环绕,其外护层由可热固或塑料材料制成。
3.按权利要求1或2的电缆,其特征在于所述基本密封护层是由碳制成。
4.按权利要求1或2的电缆,其特征在于所述基本密封护层是由硼制成。
5.按权利要求2至4的任一权利要求的电缆,其特征在于所述外护层可提供以识别信息用以识别每根所述光纤。
6.按权利要求1至5的任一权利要求的电缆,其特征在于所述光纤是多芯光纤。
7.按权利要求1至6的任一权利要求的电缆,其特征在于它包括机械增强元件。
CN95117789A 1994-09-23 1995-09-22 光纤电缆 Expired - Fee Related CN1064455C (zh)

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EP0703479A1 (fr) 1996-03-27
CN1143193A (zh) 1997-02-19
FR2725041A1 (fr) 1996-03-29
US5703984A (en) 1997-12-30
FR2725041B1 (fr) 1996-11-22
JPH08106032A (ja) 1996-04-23

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