CN106441202A - Fruit tree shape measuring method and device - Google Patents
Fruit tree shape measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106441202A CN106441202A CN201610980632.8A CN201610980632A CN106441202A CN 106441202 A CN106441202 A CN 106441202A CN 201610980632 A CN201610980632 A CN 201610980632A CN 106441202 A CN106441202 A CN 106441202A
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- fruit
- fruit tree
- measurement
- fabric width
- branches
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125722 laxative agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fruit tree shape measuring method, which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a planar rectangular coordinate system perpendicular to the ground, wherein the direction parallel to the ground in the rectangular coordinate system is a horizontal direction, and the direction perpendicular to the ground is a vertical direction; 2) selecting a plurality of primary measuring points on a primary branch connected with a trunk of the fruit tree and projecting the primary measuring points on the coordinate system; 3) fitting a branch curve of the primary branch according to the coordinates of the primary measuring points on the rectangular coordinate system; 4) selecting another one of the first-level branches, and repeating the step 2) and the step 3) until all the first-level branches are measured, so as to obtain the tree shape of the first-level branches of the fruit tree. The fruit tree shape in each phenological period is measured, so that a fruit tree growth parameter library can be formed, and theoretical data support is provided for mechanical pruning, accurate pesticide application and mechanical picking. The invention also relates to a fruit tree shape measuring device capable of realizing the measuring method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, especially relate to one kind and can measure fruit tree span and azimuth
The tree-like measuring method of distribution characteristicss and tree-like measurement apparatus.
Background technology
At this stage, working for the branch pruning controlling fruit shape is that manually experience to carry out operation, and then
Ensure that fruit tree bears fruit bearing capacity unanimously every year, realize the effect that fruit tree is got bumper crops year after year；Orchard plant protection laxative is also to be given birth to according to fruit tree
Long phenological period and pest and disease damage occur the time to carry out timely operation；Picking fruit operation is to be entered according to fruit maturity and holding conditions
The corresponding operation of row.
With the rising of labor cost, in more links of recruitment such as fruit tree shaping pruning, plant protection laxatives gradually by machine
Tool operation is replacing.In branch pruning link, whether branch is pruned and pruning rate size needs according to fruit tree growth situation
It is determined；The plant protection laxative preventing fruit tree diseases and pests is also required to be distributed to determine spray pressure according to crown canopy and its resistance；
Picking fruit needs branch distributing position of clearly bearing fruit.
As can be seen here, fruit tree is carried out by grasp is by rational branch pruning, plant protection in the tree-like of different times
Laxative and the premise of picking fruit operation, fruit tree-like mainly fruit tree distribution, fruit tree distribution includes fruit tree branch
The height distribution of bar, horizontal distribution, angular distribution, by the measurement in fruit tree each phenological period every year, by fruit tree distributed constant
After being counted and arranging, form fruit tree growth parameter library, fruit tree is carried out according to fruit tree growth situation and fruit tree growth parameter library
The Optimum distribution of branch controls, and provides gross data to prop up for realizing fruit tree mechanization pruning, accuracy pesticide applying and mechanical picking
Hold.However, how to measure to fruit shape and record, used still without correlation technique or device at present, also had no
Disclosure or report.
Therefore it provides a kind of method that fruit shape can be measured and measurement apparatus are current people in the art
The technical problem of member's urgent need to resolve.
Content of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measuring method of fruit shape, so as to fruit tree is distributed ginseng
Number is counted and is arranged, and forms fruit tree growth parameter library, adopts for realizing fruit tree mechanization pruning, accuracy pesticide applying and machinery
Pluck offer gross data to support.
Another object of the present invention also resides in provides a kind of fruit shape measurement apparatus that can achieve above-mentioned measuring method.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, fruit shape measuring method provided by the present invention, comprise the steps：
1) set up the plane right-angle coordinate perpendicular to ground, in described rectangular coordinate system, direction parallel to the ground is water
Square to direction perpendicular to the ground is vertical direction；
2) choose multiple one-level measurement points on primary branches being connected with fruit tree trunk and project to described coordinate
Fasten；
3) branch of described primary branches is gone out in described rectangular coordinate according to the coordinate fitting that described one-level measurement point is fastened
Curve；
4) other described primary branches are chosen, and repeat step 2) and step 3), until all primary branches are complete
Till having measured, draw the tree-like of fruit tree primary branches.
Preferably, the initial point of described rectangular coordinate system is the intersection point of described fruit tree trunk and ground.
Preferably, also include step：
5) multiple two grades of measurement points are chosen on two grades of branches being connected with described primary branches and projects to described
In coordinate system；
6) branch of described two grades of branches is gone out in described rectangular coordinate according to the coordinate fitting that described two grades of measurement points are fastened
Curve；
7) step 5 is all carried out to two grades of branches each described) and step 6) in measurement, draw two grades of branches of fruit tree
Tree-like.
Preferably, in described step 1) in also include：Longitude and latitude measurement is carried out to the initial point of described plane right-angle coordinate.
Preferably, the plane of described plane right-angle coordinate is parallel with east-west direction, or parallel with North and South direction.
Disclosed in this invention fruit shape measurement apparatus, including：
Tint with coordinate system；
It is arranged on described tint, and for the one-level measurement point chosen on primary branches is carried out with the height of elevation carrection
Degree measuring instrument, described height-gauge includes the height measuring rule being vertically arranged, and is slidably arranged in described height measuring rule
On elevation carrection bar；
It is arranged on described tint, and for the one-level measurement point chosen on primary branches is carried out with the width of fabric width measurement
Wide measuring instrument, described fabric width measuring instrument includes horizontally disposed fabric width measuring scale, and is slidably arranged in described fabric width measuring scale
On fabric width measurement bar.
Preferably, described height measuring rule is intersected in respective zeromark position with described fabric width measuring scale, and both
Intersection point is overlapped with the zero on described tint.
Preferably, also include being arranged on described tint, and the longitude and latitude for being positioned to planting fruit trees point is surveyed
Amount instrument.
Preferably, described height measuring rule is provided with height slide block, described elevation carrection bar and described height slide block hinge
Connect connected；Fabric width slide block is arranged on described fabric width measuring scale, described fabric width measurement bar is hinged and connected with described fabric width slide block.
Preferably, also include the angel measuring instrument that is arranged on described tint, described angel measuring instrument is parallel to ground
The transverse axis in face and the longitudinal axis perpendicular to ground are divided into the angular surveying region of four 90 ° of scopes, and each described angular regions is equal
It is to be initiateed to described transverse axis by the described longitudinal axis.
As can be seen that disclosed in this invention fruit shape measuring method in, by setting up plane right-angle coordinate, so
After multiple one-level measurement points being chosen afterwards on the primary branches of fruit tree and projecting to plane right-angle coordinate, to after projection
Level measurement point is fitted it can be deduced that wall scroll primary branches grow the branch curve extending；When using same method by institute
The branch curve matching having primary branches out can be obtained by the tree diagram of whole fruit tree primary branches distribution afterwards, to each thing
Time phase fruit shape measures it is possible to form fruit tree growth parameter library, thus being mechanization pruning, accuracy pesticide applying and machinery
Pluck and provide gross data to support.
Disclosed in this invention fruit shape measurement apparatus in, the effect of tint be with branch color formed right
According to, be easy to differentiate the distribution trend of branch, height-gauge and fabric width measuring instrument can measure selected on primary branches with
And the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of measurement point, then wall scroll Their First Branch can be simulated according to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate measuring the one-level measurement point learnt
All primary branches are measured and to data matching by the branch curve that bar growth extends by this fruit shape measurement apparatus
Afterwards it is possible to obtain the tree diagram of whole fruit tree primary branches distribution, each phenological period fruit shape is measured it is possible to
Form fruit tree growth parameter library, thus providing gross data to support for mechanization pruning, accuracy pesticide applying and mechanical picking.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the fruit shape measuring method flow chart disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the fruit shape measurement apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 be fruit tree trunk, 2 be ground, 3 be tint, 4 be elevation carrection bar, 5 be height measuring rule, 6 be through
Latitude determination instrument, 7 is fabric width measurement bar, and 8 is fabric width measuring scale, and 9 is angel measuring instrument.
Specific embodiment
One of core of the present invention is to provide a kind of measuring method of fruit shape, so as to fruit tree is distributed ginseng
Number is counted and is arranged, and forms fruit tree growth parameter library, adopts for realizing fruit tree mechanization pruning, accuracy pesticide applying and machinery
Pluck offer gross data to support.
Another core of the present invention also resides in provides a kind of fruit shape measurement apparatus that can achieve above-mentioned measuring method.
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention program, with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description
The present invention is described in further detail.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the fruit shape measuring method flow chart disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Disclosed in this invention fruit shape measuring method in, comprise the steps：
S1) set up plane right-angle coordinate
Set up the plane right-angle coordinate perpendicular to ground 2, in this plane right-angle coordinate, the direction parallel with ground 2 is
Horizontal direction, the direction vertical with ground 2 is vertical direction, and the purpose setting up plane right-angle coordinate is to carry out branch
Suitable projection；
S2) choose one-level measurement point
In this step, it is related to primary branches and one-level measurement point, so-called primary branches just refer to from fruit tree trunk 1
Top set's branch out, and the branch being branched off again by primary branches is referred to as two grades of branches, branches out from two grades of branches
The branch coming is referred to as three-level branch by that analogy.In fact, fruit tree trunk 1 and primary branches just constitute the base of whole fruit tree
This skeleton, completes the measurement to primary branches and substantially also just completes entirely tree-like measurement.In this step, in an one-level
Multiple one-level measurement points are chosen on branch, and one-level measurement point is projected in above-mentioned coordinate system.
S3) the branch curve of matching primary branches
Abscissa according to above-mentioned one-level measurement point and vertical coordinate, can simulate the curve at one-level measurement point place.Logical
Cross the discrete point on a curve and carry out this curve of matching and have become as method well known in the art at present, present specification is to concrete
The Fitting Calculation process repeat no more.Fit procedure can be artificial digital simulation, and current conventional fitting software may also be employed
It is fitted, these common fitting software include but is not limited to the CAD software that mechanical drawing is commonly used, UG software etc..This area skill
Art personnel are it is easily understood that for primary branches, the one-level measurement point of selection is more, then the plan of branch curve
Close and be just closer to reality, but the one-level measurement point chosen is more, the workload of measurement and matching is also bigger.Therefore, true
On the premise of protecting matching accuracy, in order to reduce workload as far as possible, the one-level measurement point that a branch is chosen should control
10-20 is individual, and the concrete length according to branch, and the spacing of two neighboring one-level measurement point should carry out adaptations, with
Just all of one-level measurement point is enable to reflect the entirety trend of this primary branches.
S4) draw primary branches tree form distribution
Choose other primary branches, and repeat above-mentioned step S2) and S3), until the measurement of all of primary branches
Till completing, it is tree-like that last disposal data show that the primary branches distribution of fruit tree is constituted.
Each phenological period fruit shape is measured it is possible to form fruit tree growth parameter library using said method, from
And be that mechanization pruning, accuracy pesticide applying and mechanical picking provide gross data to support.
Understandable is that the initial point of coordinate system can arbitrarily be chosen it is contemplated that facilitating the record of data and repeating to survey
Identical measuring condition is easily reached, the initial point in rectangular coordinate system in the present embodiment is fruit tree trunk 1 and ground 2 during amount
Intersection point.
In order to optimize the technical scheme in above-described embodiment further, the branch also to two grades of branches places in the present embodiment
Curve has carried out matching, specifically, in above-mentioned steps S4) after also include step：
S5) on two grades of branches being connected with primary branches, choose multiple two grades of measurement points and project to above-mentioned coordinate
Fasten；
S6 the branch curve of two grades of branches) is gone out in rectangular coordinate according to the coordinate fitting that two grades of measurement points are fastened；Matching institute
Using method identical with during primary branches curve matching, present specification is no longer repeated to this.To two grades of branches
Fruit shape can be made after the curve matching being located closer to reality, for follow-up do mechanization operation directive significance more
Greatly.
In the present embodiment, also add the operation that plane right-angle coordinate initial point is carried out with longitude and latitude measurement, this operation
Positioned at step S1) in, by recording to the longitude and latitude of planting fruit trees position, being then entered into can in fruit tree growth parameter library
To provide reference to follow-up planting fruit trees.
Understandable is that plane right-angle coordinate can be the arbitrary plane vertical with ground 2, but in order that plane
Rectangular coordinate system has and easily determines, the plane of the plane right-angle coordinate in the present embodiment parallel with east-west direction or with
North and South direction is parallel.
A kind of fruit shape measurement apparatus are also disclosed, as shown in Figure 2, this fruit shape measures in the embodiment of the present invention
Device includes tint 3, height-gauge and fabric width measuring instrument, and wherein, tint 3 is used for compareing with the formation of branch color, just
In the distribution trend differentiating branch, and tint 3 can be also height-gauge and fabric width measuring instrument provides installation foundation, high
Degree measuring instrument is actually used for measuring the vertical coordinate of selected one-level measurement point on primary branches, and it includes being vertically arranged
Height measuring rule 5, and it is slidably arranged in the elevation carrection bar 4 on height measuring rule 5, fabric width measuring instrument is actually used for surveying
The abscissa of selected one-level measurement point on amount primary branches, it includes the fabric width measuring scale 8 of setting is described, and slip sets
Put the fabric width measurement bar 7 on fabric width measuring scale 8.
In actual measurement process, it is first determined the direction of tint 3, for example, tint 3 is made to be east-west direction, or north and south
Direction, then chooses multiple one-level measurement points on the primary branches being connected with fruit tree trunk 1, slip elevation carrection bar 4 and
Fabric width measurement bar 7, makes two measurement bars record the abscissa of each one-level measurement point after contacting with each measurement point respectively and indulge
Coordinate, then passes through artificial or software, the abscissa according to each one-level measurement point and vertical coordinate carry out curve fitting, and obtain
The branch curve of primary branches.Had become as well known in the art at present come this curve of matching by the discrete point on a curve
Method, present specification repeats no more to specific the Fitting Calculation process, and common fitting software includes but is not limited to mechanical drawing
Conventional CAD software, UG software etc., after the whole matching out of branch curve of each primary branches, just obtain whole fruit
That sets is tree-like.
Further, height measuring rule 5 is provided with height slide block, elevation carrection bar 4 is hinged with height slide block, so that
Elevation carrection bar 4 is rotated around height slide block, thus facilitating the survey of one-level measurement point vertical coordinate in tint 3 plane
Amount；In the same manner, fabric width measuring scale 8 is provided with fabric width slide block, fabric width measurement bar 7 is hinged with fabric width slide block, so that fabric width is surveyed
Gauge rod 7 can rotate around fabric width slide block in tint 3 plane, thus facilitating the measurement of one-level measurement point abscissa, height is surveyed
Gauge rod 4 and fabric width measurement bar 7 are preferably stretchy rod, so both convenient for collecting, can meet measurement requirement again.
In order to improve the convenience of measurement further, in the fruit shape measurement apparatus disclosed in the present embodiment, highly
Measuring scale 5 coordinate in respective zeromark intersection, and both intersection points and tint 3 with fabric width measuring scale 8
Initial point overlaps, and this can facilitate reading and the record of data to greatest extent.
In the present embodiment, longitude and latitude measuring instrument 6, the kind to fruit tree for the longitude and latitude measuring instrument 6 be also add on tint 3
Plant place and carry out the measurement of longitude and latitude, by recording to the longitude and latitude of planting fruit trees position, be then entered into fruit tree growth
Reference can be provided to follow-up planting fruit trees in parameter library.
Refer to Fig. 2, in order to measure to the angle of inclination of any one section of primary branches, also in background color in the present embodiment
Angel measuring instrument 9 is provided with plate 3, angel measuring instrument 9 is parallel to the transverse axis on ground 2 and the longitudinal axis perpendicular to ground 2 divides
Become the angular surveying region of four 90 ° of scopes, each angular surveying region is all to be initiateed by the longitudinal axis, to transverse axis.
In fig. 2, to measure A point (XA, YAFor A point coordinates) and B point (XB, YBFor B point coordinates) between branch tilt
Angle, then just connect A point and B point, then pass through the central point of angel measuring instrument 9, be a ray OC parallel with straight line AB,
Inclination angle corresponding to ray OC is the branch inclination angle between A point and B point.
Above the fruit shape measuring method in the present invention and device are described in detail.Used herein specifically
Individual example is set forth to the principle of the present invention and embodiment, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help and understands the present invention
Method and its core concept.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, former without departing from the present invention
On the premise of reason, the present invention can also be carried out with some improvement and modify, these improve and modification also falls into right of the present invention and wants
In the protection domain asked.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fruit shape measuring method is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1) set up the plane right-angle coordinate perpendicular to ground (2), in described rectangular coordinate system, the direction parallel with ground (2) is
Horizontal direction, the direction vertical with ground (2) is vertical direction；
2) choose multiple one-level measurement points on primary branches being connected with fruit tree trunk (1) and project to described coordinate system
On；
3) the branch curve of described primary branches is gone out in described rectangular coordinate according to the coordinate fitting that described one-level measurement point is fastened；
4) other described primary branches are chosen, and repeat step 2) and step 3), until all primary branches have measured and have been
Only, draw the tree-like of fruit tree primary branches.
2. fruit shape measuring method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the initial point of described rectangular coordinate system is institute
State the intersection point of fruit tree trunk (1) and ground (2).
3. fruit shape measuring method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that also include step：
5) choose multiple two grades of measurement points on two grades of branches being connected with described primary branches and project to described coordinate
Fasten；
6) the branch curve of described two grades of branches is gone out in described rectangular coordinate according to the coordinate fitting that described two grades of measurement points are fastened；
7) step 5 is all carried out to two grades of branches each described) and step 6) in measurement, draw the tree of two grades of branches of fruit tree
Shape.
4. fruit shape measuring method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that in described step 1) in also include：Right
The initial point of described plane right-angle coordinate carries out longitude and latitude measurement.
5. the fruit shape measuring method according to claim 1-4 any one is it is characterised in that described flat square is sat
The plane of mark system is parallel with east-west direction or parallel with North and South direction.
6. a kind of fruit shape measurement apparatus are it is characterised in that include：
Tint (3) with coordinate system；
It is arranged on described tint (3), and for the one-level measurement point chosen on primary branches is carried out with the height of elevation carrection
Degree measuring instrument, described height-gauge includes the height measuring rule (5) being vertically arranged, and is slidably arranged in described elevation carrection
Elevation carrection bar (4) on chi (5)；
It is arranged on described tint (3), and for the one-level measurement point chosen on primary branches is carried out with the width of fabric width measurement
Wide measuring instrument, described fabric width measuring instrument includes horizontally disposed fabric width measuring scale (8), and is slidably arranged in described fabric width measurement
Fabric width measurement bar (7) on chi (8).
7. fruit shape measurement apparatus according to claim 6 it is characterised in that described height measuring rule (5) with described
Fabric width measuring scale (8) intersects in respective zeromark position, and the zero weight on both intersection points and described tint (3)
Close.
8. fruit shape measurement apparatus according to claim 7 are it is characterised in that also include being arranged on described tint
(3) on, and the longitude and latitude measuring instrument (6) for being positioned to planting fruit trees point.
9. the fruit shape measurement apparatus according to claim 6-8 any one are it is characterised in that described height measuring rule
(5) it is provided with height slide block on, described elevation carrection bar (4) and described height slide block are hinged and connected；Described fabric width measuring scale (8)
Upper setting fabric width slide block, described fabric width measurement bar (7) and described fabric width slide block are hinged and connected.
10. fruit shape measurement apparatus according to claim 9 are it is characterised in that also include being arranged on described tint
(3) angel measuring instrument (9) on, described angel measuring instrument (9) is parallel to the transverse axis on ground (2) and perpendicular to ground (2)
The longitudinal axis be divided into the angular surveying region of four 90 ° of scopes, each described angular surveying region be all by the described longitudinal axis initiate to
Till described transverse axis.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610980632.8A CN106441202A (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Fruit tree shape measuring method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610980632.8A CN106441202A (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Fruit tree shape measuring method and device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106441202A true CN106441202A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
Family
ID=58207911
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610980632.8A Pending CN106441202A (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Fruit tree shape measuring method and device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN106441202A (en) |
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| CN108804854A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 河北农业大学 | Tree body structure parameter estimation method and system for mechanical fruit tree pruning |
| CN111721257A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-29 | 东北林业大学 | Convenient device for measuring and analyzing azimuth angle of tree branch of tree |
| CN113074686A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-06 | 西安米索软件有限公司 | Method and device for creating measured coordinate system |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |