CN103425851B - Based on the density of plantation method for optimization analysis of three-dimensional plant - Google Patents
Based on the density of plantation method for optimization analysis of three-dimensional plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: S10: the Morphologic Characteristics parameter obtaining target reproducting tree species; S11: on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned in 3-dimensional digital landform; S12: the standing forest population canopy adopting the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate different planting density is at the transmittance of Different growth phases and per day transmittance; S13: whether the transmittance analyzing Different growth phases standing forest is reasonable; If rationally, then export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, then repeat step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally.The present invention can provide quantitative analysis tools for Forestation Design, for agricultural technology extension provides directly perceived, vivid aid, promotes forest zone Sustainable Operation and high yield, increases income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modern agricultural technology field, especially a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant.
Background technology
Illumination is that green plants carries out photosynthetic energy source, is one of requisite factor of green plants growth course.The size of the density of plantation is directly by affecting the light transmission of standing forest and the intercepting and capturing amount of illumination finally being affected to morning and evening that standing forest grows into forest, the competition situation of forest, growth rate height, group structure, the efficiency of light energy utilization, and the transmittance of Different forest stands also reflects the different densities of plantation.The standing forest of different planting density, the distribution of light of its inside is different.This not only affects the utilization of row upon row of trees to illumination, affects the upgrowth situation of understory species simultaneously.Rational planting density can promote the formation of the good group structure of standing forest, makes whole standing forest make full use of space and light energy, obtains afforestation economic benefit and ecological benefits preferably.
The current density of plantation mostly according to the practical experience of the existing artificial forest density of plantation, the instrument such as Forest Tree Nutrient space computing formula or Stand density management diagram is in addition extensive determines.The density of plantation of Chinese chief species under different forest culture and management object, different condition area has been specified in country's " Technical regulations for afforestation ".Determine that the density of plantation is with larger subjectivity at present, also abundant quantitative test is not carried out to the scientific rationality of the density of plantation.Tradition seeds initial density in planting is mainly according to the different seed of forest and forest culture and management object, and determined by the contrast experiment of long-term forest survey and different densities, this method spended time is long, with deficiencies such as larger subjectivity, shortage quantitative test foundations.
Three-dimensional plant is appliance computer simulating plant growth and development state in three dimensions.Extensively think that it is the basis of Digital Agriculture, can be the digitized representations of plant life system and agricultural production process, growth modeling, process simulation, visual analyzing, achievement-sharing and Integrated predict model and information service and technical support (Zhao Chunjiang etc., 2010) are provided.Virtual plant has been considered to the powerful (Iioetal.2011) studying plant canopy optical radiation distribution.Three-dimensional plant model can represent geometric configuration and the position relationship of plant topological structure and organ accurate quantification.The each organ of plant can be divided into enough little three dimensions surface element, thus the propagation that can calculate between the reflection of each bin glazing, bin and by intercepting and capturing process.Therefore, comprehensive utilization three-dimensional plant and radiative transfer process can calculate the transmittance of standing forest, and the scientific and reasonable density of plantation of quantitative test is feasible.
At present, the virtual plant system software with certain influence power has: the virtual plant series of products of SpeedTree, Bionatics company, Xfrog, OnyxTree, LMS and be mainly used in the AMAP series module and L-Studio etc. of academic research.Domestic main software has GreenLab, OntoPlant etc.
The interactive single tree modeling tool software of ParaTree is by one of the virtual plant of Fujian Province's spatial information engineering research centre independent development (OntoPlant) series of software products.It is a Full Parameterized list tree Geometric Modeling instrument used towards professional user and domestic consumer.The sense of reality individual plants three-dimensional model of system parameterisable, interactively customization different tree species, age, phenological stage, morphosis, also can simulate branch visually and prune process.
Major function has: (1) single tree modeling.User can according to the Morphologic Characteristics of specified plant, by alternatively arranging, adjusting the parameter of trunk (height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, change in radius, point joint number, trunk texture etc.), branch (start radius, change in radius, branch length etc. of Branch angle, each joint branch) and leaf (size, distribution frequency, blde pitch, phyllotaxy, texture etc. of leaf), form the model of meeting consumers' demand.The plant three-dimensional model formed has the stronger sense of reality, meets the Morphologic Characteristics of plant simultaneously.(2) model plastic trimming.User is by constraint rule, mutual certain branch of pickup (or branch section) and adopt plastic trimming three kinds of modes of surface constraint to carry out plastic trimming to model.(3) Phenological change and growth course simulation.User by editor leaf texture to macroscopical phenological phenomenon of plant, as branch out, bloom, bear fruit, fruit maturation etc. carries out simulation.Also according to the growth and development characteristics of specified plant, by changing the growth phase residing for it, simulation of plant growth growth course can be carried out, visual expression growth and development of plants.(4) virtual interactive interface.System can provide friendly human-computer interaction interface, and tree parameters adjustment is undertaken by the mode of " namely seeing i.e. gained ".Function comprises that model is checked, render mode switches, background is arranged, individual plant basic parameter is arranged.User by the browsing mode such as translation, rotation, convergent-divergent of mouse and keyboard implementation model, can adopt different skies, ground texture renders three-dimensional viewing area background and check topographic morphologies and the geometric shape statistics of trees.Hierarchical chart image is adopted to represent the topological structure of phytomorph structure.
VisForest is by one of the virtual plant of Fujian Province's spatial information engineering research centre independent development (OntoPlant) series of software products.These software systems are the browsers of the three-dimensional scale Forest Scene utilizing virtual reality technology to develop, and are combined with digital elevation model and remote sensing image data, realize Visualization and the reproduction of woodland scenery.System can be used for the field such as auxiliary forest reserves operation control, landscape planning, Garden Planning, Military Simulation and botany, ecological teaching and research, propaganda and education.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant, quantitative analysis tools can be provided for Forestation Design, for agricultural technology extension provides directly perceived, vivid aid, promote forest zone Sustainable Operation and high yield, increase income.
The present invention adopts following scheme to realize: a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S10: the Morphologic Characteristics parameter obtaining target reproducting tree species, adopts single tree modeling tool software to set up the subtle three-dimensional model of this seeds Different growth phases;
S11: according to this seeds planting density and the plantation point equipping rules of regulation in Technical regulations for afforestation or requirement, on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned in 3-dimensional digital landform, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Different growth phases, different distributions density;
S12: the standing forest population canopy adopting the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate different planting density is at the transmittance of Different growth phases and per day transmittance;
S13: according to these seeds to the requirement of illumination and forest culture and management object, whether the transmittance analyzing Different growth phases standing forest is reasonable; If rationally, then export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, then repeatedly optimize and revise plantation point configuration mode and distribution density, repeat step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally.
In an embodiment of the present invention, set up seeds subtle three-dimensional model in described step S10 to comprise the following steps:
S101: by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyzes Morphologic Characteristics parameter, limb system topology information and the blade geometry information of extracting target reproducting tree species Different growth phases;
S102: according to described blade geometry information, sets up the subtle three-dimensional model of blade, represents with polygonal in form;
S103: according to Morphologic Characteristics parameter and the limb system topology information of described seeds, adopt single tree modeling tool software, set up tree three-dimensional limb system, and blade subtle three-dimensional model connection in limb system, form meticulous three-dimensional configuration structural model;
S104: according to the Morphologic Characteristics of this seeds Different growth phases, sets up the subtle three-dimensional model of Different growth phases.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the three-dimensional standing forest scene described in described step S11 comprises the following steps:
S111: obtain the digital elevation model intending afforestation region, forms 3-dimensional digital landform landscape;
S112: the constraint condition of the initial density of plantation corresponding to the seed of forest specified in Technical regulations for afforestation, land occupation condition, seeds carries out the configuration of plantation point, calculate the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model in 3-dimensional digital landform, be level (X, Y) coordinate;
S113: according to the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model, the absolute elevation of this point is retrieved from digital elevation model, thus obtain the distribution coordinate of every tree-model, i.e. three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z), then model is positioned over the relevant position in 3-dimensional digital landform landscape, forms three-dimensional standing forest scene view.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in described step S112, plantation point configuration mode comprises square configuration, rectangle configuration, isosceles triangle configuration, equilateral triangle configuration, the configuration of group's shape, random naturally configuring, and namely always realizes by arranging line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in described step S13, the calculating of standing forest transmittance comprises the following steps:
S131: according to intending the geographic position of reproducing area, and under supposing fine condition, adopt the astronomical parameter computational algorithm of the sun, draws not sun altitude in the same time, position angle and hat top radiation intensity;
S132: determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, and then determine the minimum quadrilateral comprising standing forest scene, and draw the long X rice of this quadrilateral and wide Y rice;
S133: setting grid length and width are m rice, total (x/m) * (y/m) individual grid, obtain the centre coordinate of each grid, it can be used as the input initial point of light, direction is the opposite direction of former radiation direction;
S134: the crossing situation of dough sheet of compute ray and each leaf branch in three-dimensional standing forest scene; If intersect, then the dough sheet of this light and leaf branch asks knot bundle, and grid color corresponding for light is set to grey; Otherwise, grid color corresponding for light is set to white;
S135: after all light is asked and handed over calculating to complete, adding up the number n of white grid, is m by the area of the known each grid of step S132
2square metre, so the area of spot area is n*m
2square metre, therefore hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), namely draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime;
S136: calculate the average transmittance in day yardstick.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in described step S132, standing forest analyst coverage is for term of reference with the center of the peripheral trees trunk of standing forest.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the average transmittance computation process in the Sino-Japan yardstick of described step S136 is that daytime calculates once at regular intervals, and then the analogue value in simulation moment each in one day being averaged obtains per day transmittance.
The present invention utilizes three-dimensional plant model can represent geometric configuration and the position relationship of plant topological structure and organ accurate quantification, the each organ of plant can be divided into enough little three dimensions surface element, thus the reflection of each bin glazing can be calculated, the propagation between bin and by intercepting and capturing process; On the basis of meticulous single tree model, build standing forest scene, can the transmittance of quantitative test and contrast different densities standing forest, improve the scientific rationality that the density of plantation is determined.
For making object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below by specific embodiment and relevant drawings, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention one specific embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the calculation flow chart of standing forest scene transmittance of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant, comprise the following steps:
S10: the Morphologic Characteristics parameter obtaining target reproducting tree species, adopts single tree modeling tool software to set up the subtle three-dimensional model of this seeds Different growth phases;
S11: according to this seeds planting density and the plantation point equipping rules of regulation in Technical regulations for afforestation or requirement, on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned in 3-dimensional digital landform, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Different growth phases, different distributions density;
S12: the standing forest population canopy adopting the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate different planting density is at the transmittance of Different growth phases and per day transmittance;
S13: according to these seeds to the requirement of illumination and forest culture and management object, whether the transmittance analyzing Different growth phases standing forest is reasonable; If rationally, then export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, then repeatedly optimize and revise plantation point configuration mode and distribution density, repeat step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally.
Preferably, set up seeds subtle three-dimensional model in described step S10 to comprise the following steps:
S101: by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyzes Morphologic Characteristics parameter, limb system topology information and the blade geometry information of extracting target reproducting tree species Different growth phases;
S102: according to described blade geometry information, sets up the subtle three-dimensional model of blade, represents with polygonal in form;
S103: according to Morphologic Characteristics parameter and the limb system topology information of described seeds, adopt single tree modeling tool software, set up tree three-dimensional limb system, and blade subtle three-dimensional model is articulated in limb system by certain angle and distribution density, form meticulous three-dimensional configuration structural model;
S104: according to the Morphologic Characteristics of this seeds Different growth phases, sets up the subtle three-dimensional model of Different growth phases.
The structure of the three-dimensional standing forest scene described in described step S11 comprises the following steps:
S111: obtain the digital elevation model intending afforestation region, forms 3-dimensional digital landform landscape;
S112: the constraint condition of the initial density of plantation corresponding to the seed of forest specified in Technical regulations for afforestation, land occupation condition, seeds carries out the configuration of plantation point, calculate the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model in 3-dimensional digital landform, be level (X, Y) coordinate;
S113: according to the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model, the absolute elevation of this point is retrieved from digital elevation model, thus obtain the distribution coordinate of every tree-model, i.e. three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z), then model is positioned over the relevant position in 3-dimensional digital landform landscape, forms three-dimensional standing forest scene view.
In described step S112, plantation point configuration mode comprises square configuration, rectangle configuration, isosceles triangle configuration, equilateral triangle configuration, the configuration of group's shape, random naturally configuring, and namely always realizes by arranging line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row.
In described step S13, the calculating of standing forest transmittance comprises the following steps:
S131: according to intending the geographic position of reproducing area, and under supposing fine condition, adopt the astronomical parameter computational algorithm of the sun, draws not sun altitude in the same time, position angle and hat top radiation intensity;
S132: determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, and then determine the minimum quadrilateral comprising standing forest scene, and draw the long X rice of this quadrilateral and wide Y rice;
S133: setting grid length and width are m rice, total (x/m) * (y/m) individual grid, obtain the centre coordinate of each grid, it can be used as the input initial point of light, direction is the opposite direction of former radiation direction;
S134: the crossing situation of dough sheet of compute ray and each leaf branch in three-dimensional standing forest scene; If intersect, then the dough sheet of this light and leaf branch asks knot bundle, and grid color corresponding for light is set to grey; Otherwise, grid color corresponding for light is set to white;
S135: after all light is asked and handed over calculating to complete, adding up the number n of white grid, is m by the area of the known each grid of step S132
2square metre, so the area of spot area is n*m
2square metre, therefore hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), namely draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime;
S136: calculate the average transmittance in day yardstick.
In described step S132, standing forest analyst coverage is for term of reference with the center of the peripheral trees trunk of standing forest.
Average transmittance computation process in the Sino-Japan yardstick of described step S136 is, daytime, (as 1 hour) calculated once at regular intervals, and then the analogue value in simulation moment each in one day being averaged obtains per day transmittance.
Below in order to allow those skilled in the art understand the present invention better, simple introduction is done to the foundation of above-mentioned three-dimensional standing forest scene and planting density Optimization analyses process:
(1) seeds subtle three-dimensional model construction
The present embodiment, for Fructus Manglietiae insignis, illustrates the building process of seeds subtle three-dimensional model.1) by field study, measurement and forest survey data, extraction life in 3 years, life in 5 years, the Morphologic Characteristics parameter of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of life in 7 years and life in 9 years, branching system topology information and blade geometry information is analyzed; 2) according to the geological information of blade, adopt this kind of geometry of 3dsMAX manufacturing system to set up the thin three-dimensional model of folic acid, transfer the Mesh formatted file of triangular grid to, according to the regularity of distribution of blade, form the Mesh file of leafage simultaneously; 3) adopt the interactive single tree modeling tool software of ParaTree, according to the topological sum geological information of Fructus Manglietiae insignis limb system, set up limb system, the subtle three-dimensional model of mounting leaf and leafage, form the subtle three-dimensional model of Fructus Manglietiae insignis; 4) according to the Morphologic Characteristics of the Different growth phases of Fructus Manglietiae insignis, form the subtle three-dimensional model applied mutually, the geometric parameter of model is as shown in table 1.
The Fructus Manglietiae insignis model parameter table of table 1 Different growth phases
(2) three-dimensional standing forest scenario building
The present embodiment adopts VisForest scale Forest Scene visual software, reproducing area place-centric point was with east longitude 117 degree 61 minutes, north latitude is divided into example for 24 degree 12, spacing in the rows and line-spacing are 4 meters, density is 625 strains/hectare, and row, to being south-north direction, calculates the spatial surface coordinate (X, Y, Z) of every strain wooden mold, then the model of life in 7 years is positioned over corresponding geographic position, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of life in 7 years.In like manner, set up with 4 meters for line-spacing, respectively with 2 meters and 6 meters for spacing in the rows, planting density is respectively the three-dimensional standing forest scenes of 7 years raw Fructus Manglietiae insignis of 1250 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare; Set up with 4 meters for spacing in the rows, with 2 meters, 4 meters and 6 meters for line-spacing, planting density is respectively the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of the multiple Different growth phases of 1250 strains/hectare, 625 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare.
(3) standing forest scene transmittance calculates
For the simulation period based on above-mentioned constructed three-dimensional standing forest scene, with on September 23rd, 2012, suppose fine, simulated time point from morning 8:00 to dusk 17:00,1 hour time interval, common mode intends 10 times, calculates each moment sun altitude, position angle and transmittance respectively.The calculation process of transmittance as shown in Figure 2, detailed process is: 1) according to the geographic position of intending reproducing area, (central point is with east longitude 117 degree 61 points, north latitude 24 degree 12 points), and under supposing fine condition, adopt the astronomical parameter computational algorithm of the sun, calculate not altitude of the sun in the same time, position angle and hat top radiation intensity; 2) determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, thus determine the minimum quadrilateral comprising standing forest scene, and draw the length (X rice) of this quadrilateral and wide (Y rice); 3) set grid length and width and be m rice, total (x/m) * (y/m) individual grid, obtain the centre coordinate of each grid, it can be used as the input initial point of light, direction is the opposite direction of former radiation direction; 4) compute ray and crossing situation of (leaf, branch) dough sheet each in three-dimensional standing forest scene; If intersect, then this light and dough sheet ask knot bundle, and grid color corresponding for light is set to grey; Otherwise, grid color corresponding for light is set to white; 5), after all light is asked and handed over calculating to complete, add up the number n of white grid, the area of each grid is m
2square metre, so the area of spot area is n*m
2square metre.Therefore hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), namely draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime; 6) calculate the mean value of 10 transmittances in a day, draw per day transmittance.
(4) different planting density standing forest scene transmittance is analyzed
1) the standing forest scene transmittance of homophyletic, line-spacing is not analyzed
For the three-dimensional standing forest scene be made up of same age of tree trees, under different spacing in the rows, line-spacing condition, its transmittance is different.For 7 years raw Fructus Manglietiae insignis, with 4 meters for line-spacing, respectively with 2 meters, 4 meters and 6 meters for spacing in the rows, planting density is respectively 1250 strains/hectare, 625 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare, and analyze the standing forest transmittance in different spacing in the rows situation, analog result is as shown in table 2.Same for 7 years raw Fructus Manglietiae insignis, with 4 meters for spacing in the rows, with 2 meters, 4 meters and 6 meters for line-spacing, planting density is respectively 1250 strains/hectare, 625 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare, and the standing forest transmittance in analysis different spacings situation, analog result is as shown in table 3.In on September 23rd, 2012 in each integral point moment is all adopted during printing opacity simulation.
Transmittance values table under the same line-spacing of table 2, different spacing in the rows condition in standing forest scene
As can be seen from Table 2 under the condition of same line-spacing, different spacing in the rows, standing forest scene is substantially all first increases and then decreases at intraday instantaneous transmittance, and the moment is maximum at noon, successively decreases successively toward morning and evening direction.Be the condition of 4 meters at line-spacing under, when spacing in the rows is 2 meters, namely planting density is 1250 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance in scene is 0.112; When spacing in the rows is 4 meters, namely planting density is 625 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance of scene increases to 0.323, adds 0.311; When spacing in the rows being increased to 6 meters, namely planting density is 417 strains/hectare, then the average transmittance in scene is 0.5, compares when spacing in the rows is 4 meters and only increases 0.189.
Transmittance values table under the same spacing in the rows of table 3, different spacings condition in standing forest scene
As can be seen from Table 3, under same spacing in the rows, different spacings condition, the instantaneous transmittance in scene is all first increases and then decreases substantially, under spacing in the rows is 4 meters of conditions, when line-spacing is 2 meters, namely planting density is 1250 strains/hectare, and in scene, average transmittance is 0.133; When spacing in the rows is 4 meters, namely planting density is 625 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance of scene increases to 0.323, adds 0.190; When line-spacing being increased to 6 meters, namely planting density is 417 strains/hectare, then in scene, average transmittance is 0.474, adds 0.151 when comparing 4 meters; Also can release the increase along with line-spacing thus, in scene, mean transmissivity is also along with increase, the trend and amplification also tapers off.
2) same density in planting Different growth phases standing forest scene transmittance is analyzed
For same trees, the morphosis of its Different growth phases is different.Along with the growth of the age of tree, its hat width, crown length and blade quantity etc. are in rising tendency successively, and therefore, the transmittance in the standing forest scene that the trees of same spacing in the rows, line-spacing, the different age of tree form is not identical.With 4 meters for spacing in the rows and line-spacing, namely planting density is 625 strains/hectare, sets up the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of Different age group, its printing opacity situation of sunykatuib analysis respectively, analog result is shown in Table 4, and all adopts each integral point moment on September 23rd, 2012 during printing opacity simulation.
The transmittance values table of table 4 Different growth phases standing forest scene
Under same spacing in the rows, line-spacing condition, for the standing forest scene that the trees of any one age bracket form, the sun altitude at high noon is the highest, shaded area is minimum relative to other moment, hot spot rate is maximum, therefore intraday instantaneous transmittance at noon the time-division the highest, successively decrease successively toward sooner or later direction; In addition, under same spacing in the rows, line-spacing condition, along with the growth of standing forest upper strata tree age, its hat width, crown length and blade quantity etc. also increase thereupon gradually, cause standing forest canopy shielded area to increase gradually.
Fructus Manglietiae insignis is sun plant, can be used as ecological forest seeds at present.Grow few at sunshine, average temperature of the whole year is the area of 13 DEG C.In above-mentioned several distribution pattern, the Fructus Manglietiae insignis model hat width of life in 7 years is comparatively large, and canopy density are higher.According to the transmittance of above-mentioned calculating, spacing in the rows 4 meters, line-spacing 2 meters, when kind matter density is 1250 strains/hectare, the utilization factor of standing forest to light is higher.
Above-listed preferred embodiment; the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1., based on a density of plantation method for optimization analysis for three-dimensional plant, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S10: the Morphologic Characteristics parameter obtaining target reproducting tree species, adopts single tree modeling tool software to set up the subtle three-dimensional model of this seeds Different growth phases;
S11: according to this seeds planting density and the plantation point equipping rules of regulation in Technical regulations for afforestation or requirement, on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned in 3-dimensional digital landform, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Different growth phases, different distributions density;
S12: the standing forest population canopy adopting the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate different planting density is at the transmittance of Different growth phases and per day transmittance;
S13: according to these seeds to the requirement of illumination and forest culture and management object, whether the transmittance analyzing Different growth phases standing forest is reasonable; If rationally, then export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, then repeatedly optimize and revise plantation point configuration mode and distribution density, repeat step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally;
Wherein, in described step S13, the calculating of standing forest transmittance comprises the following steps:
S131: according to intending the geographic position of reproducing area, and under supposing fine condition, adopt the astronomical parameter computational algorithm of the sun, draws not sun altitude in the same time, position angle and hat top radiation intensity;
S132: determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, and then determine the minimum quadrilateral comprising standing forest scene, and draw the long X rice of this quadrilateral and wide Y rice;
S133: setting grid length and width are m rice, total (x/m) * (y/m) individual grid, obtain the centre coordinate of each grid, it can be used as the input initial point of light, direction is the opposite direction of former radiation direction;
S134: the crossing situation of dough sheet of compute ray and each leaf branch in three-dimensional standing forest scene; If intersect, then the dough sheet of this light and leaf branch asks knot bundle, and grid color corresponding for light is set to grey; Otherwise, grid color corresponding for light is set to white;
S135: after all light is asked and handed over calculating to complete, adding up the number n of white grid, is m by the area of the known each grid of step S132
2square metre, so the area of spot area is n*m
2square metre, therefore hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), namely draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime;
S136: calculate the average transmittance in day yardstick.
2. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant according to claim 1, is characterized in that: set up seeds subtle three-dimensional model in described step S10 and comprise the following steps:
S101: by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyzes Morphologic Characteristics parameter, limb system topology information and the blade geometry information of extracting target reproducting tree species Different growth phases;
S102: according to described blade geometry information, sets up the subtle three-dimensional model of blade, represents with polygonal in form;
S103: according to Morphologic Characteristics parameter and the limb system topology information of described seeds, adopt single tree modeling tool software, set up tree three-dimensional limb system, and blade subtle three-dimensional model connection in limb system, form meticulous three-dimensional configuration structural model;
S104: according to the Morphologic Characteristics of this seeds Different growth phases, sets up the subtle three-dimensional model of Different growth phases.
3. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the structure of the three-dimensional standing forest scene described in described step S11 comprises the following steps:
S111: obtain the digital elevation model intending afforestation region, forms 3-dimensional digital landform landscape;
S112: the constraint condition of the initial density of plantation corresponding to the seed of forest specified in Technical regulations for afforestation, land occupation condition, seeds carries out the configuration of plantation point, calculate the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model in 3-dimensional digital landform, be level (X, Y) coordinate;
S113: according to the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model, the absolute elevation of this point is retrieved from digital elevation model, thus obtain the distribution coordinate of every tree-model, i.e. three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z), then model is positioned over the relevant position in 3-dimensional digital landform landscape, forms three-dimensional standing forest scene view.
4. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step S112, plantation point configuration mode comprises square configuration, rectangle configuration, isosceles triangle configuration, equilateral triangle configuration, the configuration of group's shape, random naturally configuring, namely always realizing by arranging line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row.
5. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step S132, standing forest analyst coverage is for term of reference with the center of the peripheral trees trunk of standing forest.
6. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on three-dimensional plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the average transmittance computation process in the Sino-Japan yardstick of described step S136 is, daytime calculates once at regular intervals, and then the analogue value in simulation moment each in one day being averaged obtains per day transmittance.
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| CN104620879B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-04-12 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Tree pruning optimizing method based canopy light distribution analog |
| CN105701313B (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2018-09-18 | 福州大学 | The empty plant canopy photosynthetically active radiation distribution simulation method of multi-layer data structure |
| CN107292957B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2020-05-22 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Three-dimensional reconstruction method and device for crop canopy |
| CN109975486A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-07-05 | 济南大学 | Probe into the device and method that environment influences growing process |
| CN111191505A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-05-22 | 恒大智慧科技有限公司 | Automatic garden trimming method and system based on smart community |
| CN112348812B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2024-04-26 | 南京大学 | Forest stand age information measurement method and device |
| CN112861336B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2023-07-25 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Virtual simulation method for determining forest breaking area by angle gauge |
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