CN103425851A - Plantation density optimizing and analyzing method based on three-dimensional virtual plants - Google Patents
Plantation density optimizing and analyzing method based on three-dimensional virtual plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plantation density optimizing and analyzing method based on three-dimensional virtual plants. The plantation density optimizing and analyzing method based on the three-dimensional virtual plants is characterized by including the following steps of S10, obtaining morphological structure characteristic parameters of a target planted tree species; S11, placing a three-dimensional model of the target planted tree species on a three-dimensional digital terrain based on the three-dimensional digital terrain which simulates a planted land; S12, calculating the light transmittance and the daily average light transmittance of standing forest colony tree canopies with different plantation densities in different growth stages according to the ray tracing algorithm in the computer graphics; S13, analyzing whether the light transmittance of a standing forest in different growth stages is reasonable or not, outputting the plantation densities, the plantation point configuration method, the line spacing, the plant spacing and the row direction if the light transmittance is reasonable, and repeating the S11, the S12 and the S13 if the light transmittance is not reasonable till the light transmittance is reasonable. According to the plantation density optimizing and analyzing method based on the three-dimensional virtual plants, the quantitative analysis tool can be provided for the plantation design, the intuitive and vivid auxiliary tool can be provided for agriculture technology promotion, and sustainable management, yield promotion and income increasing of forest districts are promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the modern agricultural technology field, especially a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant.
Background technology
Illumination is that green plants carries out photosynthetic energy source, is one of requisite factor of green plants growth course.The size of the density of plantation is the light transmission by affecting standing forest and on the intercepting and capturing amount of illumination and finally affect morning and evening, the competition situation of forest, growth rate height, group structure, the efficiency of light energy utilization that standing forest grows into forest directly, and the transmittance of Different forest stands also reflects the different densities of plantation.The standing forest of different planting densities, its inner distribution of light is different.This not only affects the utilization of row upon row of trees to illumination, affects the upgrowth situation of sylvan life vegetation simultaneously.Reasonably planting density can promote the formation of the good group structure of standing forest, makes whole standing forest take full advantage of space and illumination energy, obtains afforest preferably economic benefit and ecological benefits.
At present the density of plantation is determined according to the instruments such as practical experience, Forest Tree Nutrient space computing formula or Stand density management diagram of the existing artificial forest density of plantation are in addition extensive mostly.Stipulated the density of plantation of Chinese chief species under different forest culture and management purposes, different land occupation condition in country's " Technical regulations for afforestation ".Determine that at present the density of plantation is with larger subjectivity, also the scientific rationality of the density of plantation is not carried out to abundant quantitative test.Tradition seeds initial density in planting is mainly according to the different seeds of forest and forest culture and management purpose, and the contrast experiment by long-term forest survey and different densities determines, this method spended time is long, with deficiencies such as larger subjectivity, shortage quantitative test foundations.
The three-dimensional plant is the growth and development state of appliance computer simulating plant in three dimensions.Extensively think that it is the basis of Digital Agriculture, the digitized representations, growth modeling, process simulation, visual analyzing, achievement-sharing and the integrated application that can be plant life system and agricultural production process provide information service and technical support (Zhao Chunjiang etc., 2010).Virtual plant has been considered to study the powerful (Iio et al. 2011) that the plant canopy optical radiation distributes.The three-dimensional plant model can accurate quantification ground means geometric configuration and the position relationship of plant topological structure and organ.Each organ of plant can be divided into enough little three dimensions surface element, thereby can calculate on each bin the propagation between reflection of light, bin and be subject to the intercepting and capturing process.Therefore, comprehensive utilization three-dimensional plant and radiative transfer process can be calculated the transmittance of standing forest, and the scientific and reasonable density of plantation of quantitative test is feasible.
At present, the virtual plant system software that has certain influence power has: virtual plant series of products, Xfrog, OnyxTree, the LMS of SpeedTree, Bionatics company and be mainly used in the AMAP series module of academic research and L-Studio etc.Domestic main software has GreenLab, OntoPlant etc.
The interactive single tree modeling tool software of ParaTree is one of virtual plant (OntoPlant) groupware product by Fujian Province's spatial information engineering research centre independent development.It is a Geometric Modeling of the Full Parameterized list tree towards professional user and domestic consumer's use instrument.The sense of reality individual plants three-dimensional model of system parameterisable, interactively customization different tree species, age, phenology stage, morphosis, also can simulate visually branch and prune process.
Major function has: (1) single tree modeling.The user can be according to the Morphologic Characteristics of specified plant, by alternatively arranging, adjust the parameter of trunk (height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, change in radius, minute joint number, trunk texture etc.), branch (Branch angle, the start radius that respectively saves branch, change in radius, branch length etc.) and leaf (size of leaf, distribution frequency, blde pitch, phyllotaxy, texture etc.), form the model of meeting consumers' demand.The plant three-dimensional model formed has the stronger sense of reality, meets the Morphologic Characteristics of plant simultaneously.(2) model plastic trimming.The user can be by constraint rule, pick up alternately certain branch, and (or branch section) and three kinds of modes of plastic trimming of employing surface constraint are carried out plastic trimming to model.(3) Phenological change and growth course simulation.The user can be by editor's leaf texture the macroscopical phenological phenomenon to plant, as branch out, bloom, bear fruit, fruit maturation etc. carries out simulation.Also can, according to the growth and development characteristics of specified plant, by changing its residing growth phase, carry out the simulation of plant growth growth course, the visual expression growth and development of plants.(4) visual mutual.System can provide friendly human-computer interaction interface, and the tree parameters adjustment is undertaken by the mode of " seeing to be gained ".Function comprises that model is checked, render mode switching, background setting, individual plant basic parameter arrange etc.The user can be by mouse and keyboard implementation model the browsing mode such as translation, rotation, convergent-divergent, topological form and the geometric shape statistics that can adopt different skies, ground texture to play up the three-dimensional visible regional background and check trees.Adopt the hierarchical chart image to mean the topological structure of phytomorph structure.
VisForest is by one of the virtual plant of Fujian Province's spatial information engineering research centre independent development (OntoPlant) groupware product.These software systems are browsers of the three-dimensional scale Forest Scene that utilizes virtual reality technology exploitation to form, with digital elevation model and remote sensing image data, are combined, and realize Visualization and the reproduction of woodland scenery.System can be used for the fields such as auxiliary forest reserves operation control, landscape planning, Garden Planning, Military Simulation and botany, ecological teaching and research, propaganda and education.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant, can, for Forestation Design provides quantitative analysis tools, for agricultural technology extension provides directly perceived, vivid aid, promote forest zone Sustainable Operation and high yield, increase income.
The present invention adopts following scheme to realize: a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
S10: obtain the Morphologic Characteristics parameter of target reproducting tree species, adopt single tree modeling tool software to set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of the different growth phases of these seeds;
S11: according to this seeds planting density and the plantation point equipping rules of regulation in Technical regulations for afforestation or requirement, on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned on the 3-dimensional digital landform, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of different growth phases, different distributions density;
S12: adopt the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate transmittance and the per day transmittance of the standing forest colony canopy of different planting densities at different growth phases;
S13: requirement and forest culture and management purpose according to these seeds to illumination, whether the transmittance of analyzing different growth phase standing forests is reasonable; If rationally, export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, repeatedly optimize and revise plantation point configuration mode and distribution density, repeating step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally.
In an embodiment of the present invention, setting up the meticulous three-dimensional model of seeds in described step S10 comprises the following steps:
S101: by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyze Morphologic Characteristics parameter, limb system topology information and the blade geometry information of extracting the different growth phases of target reproducting tree species;
S102: according to described blade geometry information, set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of blade, mean with the polygon form;
S103: according to Morphologic Characteristics parameter and the limb system topology information of described seeds, adopt single tree modeling tool software, set up the three-dimensional limb system of trees, and the meticulous three-dimensional model of blade is articulated on the limb system, form meticulous three-dimensional configuration structural model;
S104: according to the Morphologic Characteristics of the different growth phases of these seeds, set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of different growth phases.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the three-dimensional standing forest scene described in described step S11 comprises the following steps:
S111: obtain and intend the regional digital elevation model of afforestation, form the 3-dimensional digital landform landscape;
S112: according to the constraint condition of the seed of forest of stipulating in Technical regulations for afforestation, land occupation condition, the corresponding initial density of plantation of seeds, plant some configuration, calculate the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model in the 3-dimensional digital landform, be level (X, Y) coordinate;
S113: according to the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model, retrieve the absolute elevation of this point from digital elevation model, thereby obtain the distribution coordinate of every tree-model, be three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z), then model is positioned over to the relevant position in the 3-dimensional digital landform landscape, forms three-dimensional standing forest scene view.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in described step S112, a plantation configuration mode comprises that square configuration, rectangle configure, isosceles triangle configures, equilateral triangle configures, group's shape configures, random naturally configuring, by line-spacing, spacing in the rows being set and going always realization.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in described step S13, the calculating of standing forest transmittance comprises the following steps:
S131: according to the geographic position of intending reproducing area, and suppose under fine condition, adopt the astronomical calculation of parameter algorithm of the sun, draw not sun altitude, position angle and hat top radiation intensity in the same time;
S132: determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, and then determine the minimum quadrilateral that comprises the standing forest scene, and draw this tetragonal long X rice and wide Y rice;
S133: set the grid length and width and be m rice, one has the individual grid of (x/m) * (y/m), obtains the centre coordinate of each grid, the input initial point using it as light, the opposite direction that direction is former radiation direction;
S134: in compute ray and three-dimensional standing forest scene, the dough sheet of each leaf branch intersects situation; If intersect, the dough sheet of this light and leaf branch is asked the knot bundle, and the grid color that light is corresponding is made as grey; Otherwise the grid color that light is corresponding is made as white;
S135: after all light is asked and handed over and to have calculated, adding up the number n of white grid, is m by the area of known each grid of step S132
2Square metre, the area of spot area is n*m so
2Square metre, so hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime;
S136: calculate the average transmittance in day yardstick.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in described step S132, the standing forest analyst coverage is that to take the center of the peripheral trees trunk of standing forest be term of reference.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the average transmittance computation process in the Sino-Japan yardstick of described step S136 is, calculate at regular intervals once daytime, then each simulation analogue value constantly in a day averaged and obtains per day transmittance.
The present invention utilizes the three-dimensional plant model can accurate quantification ground to mean geometric configuration and the position relationship of plant topological structure and organ, each organ of plant can be divided into enough little three dimensions surface element, thereby can calculate reflection of light on each bin, the propagation between bin and be subject to the intercepting and capturing process; On the basis of meticulous single tree model, build the standing forest scene, but the transmittance of quantitative test and contrast different densities standing forest improves the definite scientific rationality of the density of plantation.
For making purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below will, by specific embodiment and relevant drawings, the present invention be described in further detail.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention's one specific embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the calculation flow chart of standing forest scene transmittance of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant, comprise the following steps:
S10: obtain the Morphologic Characteristics parameter of target reproducting tree species, adopt single tree modeling tool software to set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of the different growth phases of these seeds;
S11: according to this seeds planting density and the plantation point equipping rules of regulation in Technical regulations for afforestation or requirement, on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned on the 3-dimensional digital landform, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of different growth phases, different distributions density;
S12: adopt the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate transmittance and the per day transmittance of the standing forest colony canopy of different planting densities at different growth phases;
S13: requirement and forest culture and management purpose according to these seeds to illumination, whether the transmittance of analyzing different growth phase standing forests is reasonable; If rationally, export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, repeatedly optimize and revise plantation point configuration mode and distribution density, repeating step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally.
Preferably, setting up the meticulous three-dimensional model of seeds in described step S10 comprises the following steps:
S101: by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyze Morphologic Characteristics parameter, limb system topology information and the blade geometry information of extracting the different growth phases of target reproducting tree species;
S102: according to described blade geometry information, set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of blade, mean with the polygon form;
S103: according to Morphologic Characteristics parameter and the limb system topology information of described seeds, adopt single tree modeling tool software, set up the three-dimensional limb system of trees, and the meticulous three-dimensional model of blade is articulated on the limb system by certain angle and distribution density, form meticulous three-dimensional configuration structural model;
S104: according to the Morphologic Characteristics of the different growth phases of these seeds, set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of different growth phases.
The structure of the three-dimensional standing forest scene described in described step S11 comprises the following steps:
S111: obtain and intend the regional digital elevation model of afforestation, form the 3-dimensional digital landform landscape;
S112: according to the constraint condition of the seed of forest of stipulating in Technical regulations for afforestation, land occupation condition, the corresponding initial density of plantation of seeds, plant some configuration, calculate the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model in the 3-dimensional digital landform, be level (X, Y) coordinate;
S113: according to the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model, retrieve the absolute elevation of this point from digital elevation model, thereby obtain the distribution coordinate of every tree-model, be three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z), then model is positioned over to the relevant position in the 3-dimensional digital landform landscape, forms three-dimensional standing forest scene view.
In described step S112, a plantation configuration mode comprises that square configuration, rectangle configure, isosceles triangle configures, equilateral triangle configures, group's shape configures, random naturally configuring, by line-spacing, spacing in the rows being set and going always realization.
In described step S13, the calculating of standing forest transmittance comprises the following steps:
S131: according to the geographic position of intending reproducing area, and suppose under fine condition, adopt the astronomical calculation of parameter algorithm of the sun, draw not sun altitude, position angle and hat top radiation intensity in the same time;
S132: determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, and then determine the minimum quadrilateral that comprises the standing forest scene, and draw this tetragonal long X rice and wide Y rice;
S133: set the grid length and width and be m rice, one has the individual grid of (x/m) * (y/m), obtains the centre coordinate of each grid, the input initial point using it as light, the opposite direction that direction is former radiation direction;
S134: in compute ray and three-dimensional standing forest scene, the dough sheet of each leaf branch intersects situation; If intersect, the dough sheet of this light and leaf branch is asked the knot bundle, and the grid color that light is corresponding is made as grey; Otherwise the grid color that light is corresponding is made as white;
S135: after all light is asked and handed over and to have calculated, adding up the number n of white grid, is m by the area of known each grid of step S132
2Square metre, the area of spot area is n*m so
2Square metre, so hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime;
S136: calculate the average transmittance in day yardstick.
In described step S132, the standing forest analyst coverage is that to take the center of the peripheral trees trunk of standing forest be term of reference.
Average transmittance computation process in the Sino-Japan yardstick of described step S136 is, daytime, calculated once (as 1 hour) at regular intervals, then each simulation analogue value constantly in a day averaged and obtains per day transmittance.
Below, in order to allow those skilled in the art understand better the present invention, foundation and the planting density optimization analytic process of above-mentioned three-dimensional standing forest scene are done to simple introduction:
(1) the meticulous three-dimensional model of seeds builds
The present embodiment be take Fructus Manglietiae insignis as example, and the building process of the meticulous three-dimensional model of seeds is described.1), by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyze Morphologic Characteristics parameter, branching system topology information and the blade geometry information of the Fructus Manglietiae insignis that extracts life in 3 years, life in 5 years, life in 7 years and life in 9 years; 2) according to the geological information of blade, adopt how much manufacturing systems of this class of 3ds MAX to set up the thin three-dimensional model of folic acid, transfer the Mesh formatted file of triangular grid to, according to the regularity of distribution of blade, form the Mesh file of leafage simultaneously; 3) adopt the interactive single tree modeling tool software of ParaTree, according to the topological sum geological information of Fructus Manglietiae insignis limb system, set up the limb system, articulate the meticulous three-dimensional model of leaf and leafage, form the meticulous three-dimensional model of Fructus Manglietiae insignis; 4) according to the Morphologic Characteristics of the different growth phases of Fructus Manglietiae insignis, form the meticulous three-dimensional model of application mutually, the geometric parameter of model is as shown in table 1.
The Fructus Manglietiae insignis model parameter table of the different growth phases of table 1
(2) three-dimensional standing forest scene builds
The present embodiment adopts VisForest scale Forest Scene visual software, reproducing area place-centric point is spent 61 minutes with east longitude 117, north latitude 24 degree 12 are divided into example, spacing in the rows and line-spacing are 4 meters, density is 625 strains/hectare, and row, to being south-north direction, calculates the spatial surface coordinate (X, Y, Z) of every strain wooden mold, then the model of life in 7 years is positioned over to corresponding geographic position, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of life in 7 years.In like manner, set up and take 4 meters as line-spacing, take respectively 2 meters and 6 meters be spacing in the rows, planting density is respectively 7 years living Fructus Manglietiae insignis three-dimensional standing forest scenes of 1250 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare; Foundation be take 4 meters as spacing in the rows, take 2 meters, 4 meters and 6 meters be line-spacing, planting density is respectively the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of the multiple different growth phases of 1250 strains/hectare, 625 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare.
(3) standing forest scene transmittance calculates
Take above-mentioned constructed three-dimensional standing forest scene as the basis, take on September 23rd, 2012 as the simulation period, suppose fine, simulated time point from morning 8:00 to 17:00 at dusk, 1 hour time interval, common mode is intended 10 times, calculates respectively each sun altitude, position angle and transmittance constantly.The calculation process of transmittance as shown in Figure 2, detailed process is: 1) according to the geographic position of intending reproducing area, (central point is spent 61 minutes with east longitude 117, north latitude 24 degree 12 minutes), and suppose under fine condition, adopt the astronomical calculation of parameter algorithm of the sun, calculate not altitude of the sun, position angle and hat top radiation intensity in the same time; 2) determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, thereby determine the minimum quadrilateral that comprises the standing forest scene, and draw this tetragonal length (X rice) and wide (Y rice); 3) set the grid length and width and be m rice, one has the individual grid of (x/m) * (y/m), obtains the centre coordinate of each grid, the input initial point using it as light, the opposite direction that direction is former radiation direction; 4) in compute ray and three-dimensional standing forest scene, each (leaf, branch) dough sheet intersects situation; If intersect, this light and dough sheet are asked the knot bundle, and the grid color that light is corresponding is made as grey; Otherwise the grid color that light is corresponding is made as white; 5) after all light asks friendship to calculate, add up the number n of white grid, the area of each grid is m
2Square metre, the area of spot area is n*m so
2Square metre.So hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime; 6) calculate the mean value of 10 transmittances in a day, draw per day transmittance.
(4) different planting density standing forest scene transmittances are analyzed
1) the standing forest scene transmittance of homophyletic, line-spacing is not analyzed
For the three-dimensional standing forest scene be comprised of same age of tree trees, under different spacing in the rows, line-spacing condition, its transmittance is different.The 7 years living Fructus Manglietiae insignis of take are example, take 4 meters as line-spacing, take respectively 2 meters, 4 meters and 6 meters be spacing in the rows, planting density is respectively 1250 strains/hectare, 625 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare, analyzes the standing forest transmittance in different spacing in the rows situations, analog result is as shown in table 2.The 7 years living Fructus Manglietiae insignis of take equally are example, take 4 meters as spacing in the rows, take 2 meters, 4 meters and 6 meters be line-spacing, planting density is respectively 1250 strains/hectare, 625 strains/hectare and 417 strains/hectare, analyzes the standing forest transmittance in the different spacings situation, analog result is as shown in table 3.All adopt on September 23rd, 2012 in each integral point moment during the printing opacity simulation.
Transmittance numerical tabular under the same line-spacing of table 2, different spacing in the rows condition in the standing forest scene
Under the condition of same line-spacing, different spacing in the rows, the standing forest scene is substantially all first increases and then decreases at intraday instantaneous transmittance as can be seen from Table 2, constantly maximum at noon, toward the morning and evening direction, successively decreases successively.At line-spacing, be under the condition of 4 meters, when spacing in the rows is 2 meters, planting density is 1250 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance in scene is 0.112; When spacing in the rows is 4 meters, planting density is 625 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance of scene increases to 0.323, has increased by 0.311; When spacing in the rows is increased to 6 meters, planting density is 417 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance in scene is 0.5, compares when spacing in the rows is 4 meters and only increases 0.189.
Transmittance numerical tabular under the same spacing in the rows of table 3, different spacings condition in the standing forest scene
As can be seen from Table 3, under same spacing in the rows, different spacings condition, the instantaneous transmittance in scene is all first increases and then decreases basically, in spacing in the rows, be under 4 meters conditions, when line-spacing is 2 meters, planting density is 1250 strains/hectare, and in scene, average transmittance is 0.133; When spacing in the rows is 4 meters, planting density is 625 strains/hectare, and the average transmittance of scene increases to 0.323, has increased by 0.190; When line-spacing is increased to 6 meters, planting density is 417 strains/hectare, and in scene, average transmittance is 0.474, while comparing 4 meters, has increased by 0.151; Also can release the increase along with line-spacing thus, in scene mean transmissivity also along with increase, and the amplification trend that also tapers off.
2) the different growth phase standing forest of same density in planting scene transmittance is analyzed
For the same trees, the morphosis difference of its different growth phases.Along with the growth of the age of tree, its hat width, crown length and blade quantity etc. are rising tendency successively, and therefore, the transmittance in the standing forest scene that the trees of same spacing in the rows, line-spacing, the different age of trees form is not identical.Take 4 meters as spacing in the rows and line-spacing, be that planting density is 625 strains/hectare, set up the three-dimensional standing forest scene of Fructus Manglietiae insignis of all ages and classes section, respectively its printing opacity situation of sunykatuib analysis, analog result is shown in Table 4, and all adopts each integral point on September 23rd, 2012 during the printing opacity simulation constantly.
The transmittance numerical tabular of the different growth phase standing forest of table 4 scene
Under same spacing in the rows, line-spacing condition, the standing forest scene formed for the trees of any one age bracket, the sun altitude at high noon is the highest, shaded area is constantly minimum with respect to other, hot spot rate maximum, therefore intraday instantaneous transmittance at noon the time-division the highest, toward direction sooner or later, successively decrease successively; In addition, under same spacing in the rows, line-spacing condition, along with the growth at trees age of standing forest upper strata, its hat width, crown length and blade quantity etc. also increase thereupon gradually, cause standing forest canopy shielded area to increase gradually.
Fructus Manglietiae insignis is sun plant, can be used as at present ecological forest seeds.Be grown in sunshine few, the area that average temperature of the whole year is 13 ℃.In above-mentioned several distribution pattern, the Fructus Manglietiae insignis model of life in 7 years hat width is larger, and canopy density are higher.According to the transmittance of above-mentioned calculating, 4 meters of spacing in the rows, 2 meters of line-spacings, when germplasm density is 1250 strains/hectare, standing forest is higher to the utilization factor of light.
Above-listed preferred embodiment; the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S10: obtain the Morphologic Characteristics parameter of target reproducting tree species, adopt single tree modeling tool software to set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of the different growth phases of these seeds;
S11: according to this seeds planting density and the plantation point equipping rules of regulation in Technical regulations for afforestation or requirement, on the 3-dimensional digital landform basis of intending reproducing area, this seeds three-dimensional model is positioned on the 3-dimensional digital landform, forms the three-dimensional standing forest scene of different growth phases, different distributions density;
S12: adopt the Ray Tracing Algorithm in computer graphics to calculate transmittance and the per day transmittance of the standing forest colony canopy of different planting densities at different growth phases;
S13: requirement and forest culture and management purpose according to these seeds to illumination, whether the transmittance of analyzing different growth phase standing forests is reasonable; If rationally, export planting density, a plantation point configuration mode, line-spacing, spacing in the rows and row to; If unreasonable, repeatedly optimize and revise plantation point configuration mode and distribution density, repeating step S11, S12 and S13, until rationally.
2. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of seeds in described step S10 and comprise the following steps:
S101: by field study, measurement and forest survey data, analyze Morphologic Characteristics parameter, limb system topology information and the blade geometry information of extracting the different growth phases of target reproducting tree species;
S102: according to described blade geometry information, set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of blade, mean with the polygon form;
S103: according to Morphologic Characteristics parameter and the limb system topology information of described seeds, adopt single tree modeling tool software, set up the three-dimensional limb system of trees, and the meticulous three-dimensional model of blade is articulated on the limb system, form meticulous three-dimensional configuration structural model;
S104: according to the Morphologic Characteristics of the different growth phases of these seeds, set up the meticulous three-dimensional model of different growth phases.
3. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structure of the three-dimensional standing forest scene described in described step S11 comprises the following steps:
S111: obtain and intend the regional digital elevation model of afforestation, form the 3-dimensional digital landform landscape;
S112: according to the constraint condition of the seed of forest of stipulating in Technical regulations for afforestation, land occupation condition, the corresponding initial density of plantation of seeds, plant some configuration, calculate the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model in the 3-dimensional digital landform, be level (X, Y) coordinate;
S113: according to the plane geographic coordinate of every tree-model, retrieve the absolute elevation of this point from digital elevation model, thereby obtain the distribution coordinate of every tree-model, be three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z), then model is positioned over to the relevant position in the 3-dimensional digital landform landscape, forms three-dimensional standing forest scene view.
4. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step S112, a plantation configuration mode comprises that square configuration, rectangle configure, isosceles triangle configures, equilateral triangle configures, group's shape configures, random naturally configuring, by line-spacing, spacing in the rows being set and going always realization.
5. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step S13, the calculating of standing forest transmittance comprises the following steps:
S131: according to the geographic position of intending reproducing area, and suppose under fine condition, adopt the astronomical calculation of parameter algorithm of the sun, draw not sun altitude, position angle and hat top radiation intensity in the same time;
S132: determine the scope that standing forest is analyzed, and then determine the minimum quadrilateral that comprises the standing forest scene, and draw this tetragonal long X rice and wide Y rice;
S133: set the grid length and width and be m rice, one has the individual grid of (x/m) * (y/m), obtains the centre coordinate of each grid, the input initial point using it as light, the opposite direction that direction is former radiation direction;
S134: in compute ray and three-dimensional standing forest scene, the dough sheet of each leaf branch intersects situation; If intersect, the dough sheet of this light and leaf branch is asked the knot bundle, and the grid color that light is corresponding is made as grey; Otherwise the grid color that light is corresponding is made as white;
S135: after all light is asked and handed over and to have calculated, adding up the number n of white grid, is m by the area of known each grid of step S132
2Square metre, the area of spot area is n*m so
2Square metre, so hot spot rate S=(n*m
2)/(x*y), draw the transmittance of certain standing forest scene sometime;
S136: calculate the average transmittance in day yardstick.
6. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described step S132, the standing forest analyst coverage is that to take the center of the peripheral trees trunk of standing forest be term of reference.
7. the density of plantation method for optimization analysis based on the three-dimensional plant according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the average transmittance computation process in the Sino-Japan yardstick of described step S136 is, calculate at regular intervals once daytime, then each simulation analogue value constantly in a day averaged and obtains per day transmittance.
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