CN106433519B - 一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106433519B CN106433519B CN201610833825.0A CN201610833825A CN106433519B CN 106433519 B CN106433519 B CN 106433519B CN 201610833825 A CN201610833825 A CN 201610833825A CN 106433519 B CN106433519 B CN 106433519B
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GHUXAYLZEGLXDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azido-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-ium-3-amine;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N=[N+]=[N-])=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GHUXAYLZEGLXDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241001272567 Hominoidea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C09J129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:主胶黏剂100份;水性固化剂5‑30份;板坯定型剂2‑10份;石蜡乳液0.5‑3份;水0‑35份。本发明用单组份无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板,实现了刨花板生产工艺的绿色环保、无甲醛释放。本发明单组份无醛胶黏剂利用板坯定型剂和封闭异氰酸酯固化剂解决了目前无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板工艺中出现的板坯成型不好、粘压板的问题,保证无醛刨花板生产的连续性;且实现了刨花板生产工艺的绿色环保、无甲醛释放。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于人造板生产技术领域。具体地涉及一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂及其应用。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对家具和装修装饰材料的需求越来越多,由此带来对刨花板需求量也逐渐增大。目前在刨花板生产中使用的胶粘剂仍以脲醛胶为主,这类胶粘剂会释放对人体有害的甲醛。甲醛还对人体的眼部、呼吸系统、肺功能、神经系统功能和免疫系统具有毒性作用。因此,需要一种环境友好型无(低)甲醛释放的人造板来提高人们的健康和生活质量。
合成树脂型水性高分子-异氰酸酯木材胶黏剂(简称API),可以解决刨花板在家居使用中甲醛超标的问题,在使用API胶黏剂时需要复配异氰酸酯作固化剂,由于异氰酸酯基(-NCO)的化学性质非常活泼,极易与水和含活泼氢的物质反应,所以大多数API胶黏剂在使用时需要现场配制,工艺操作性差。API胶黏剂制备的刨花板在力学性能和耐水性方面表现不佳,并且在生产过程中还会带来板坯成型不好、粘压板等工艺问题,这些都限制了API胶黏剂在刨花板人造板生产中的使用。
本发明针对上述不足,提供一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂及其应用。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂及其应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述主胶黏剂为无醛胶,所述无醛胶采用中国发明专利CN201010237295.6公开的无醛胶。本发明用无醛胶做主胶黏剂,保证足够的粘接强度。
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向含1mol游离异氰酸酯基的异氰酸酯溶液中分批加入0.16-0.22mol的阴离子型亲水扩链剂,然后在40-60℃下反应2-4h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.62-0.75mol的封闭剂,然后在20-40℃下反应1-2h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入400-800g的水和0.16-0.22mol的三乙胺,然后在20-40℃下反应1-2h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏得水性固化剂;
所述水性固化剂为水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂。
所述异氰酸酯溶液中所用的有机溶剂为丙酮、四氢呋喃、氯仿、乙酸乙酯或丁酮;在本发明实施中优选所述有机溶剂为丙酮。
所述异氰酸酯溶液的质量分数为10%-50%。
进一步,步骤1)中,所述异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、1.5-萘二异氰酸酯、四甲基二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二亚甲基苯基二异氰酸酯和多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
进一步,步骤1)中,所述阴离子型亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、1,2-丙二醇-3-磺酸钠、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠和乙二胺基乙磺酸钠中的一种或多种。
进一步,步骤2)中,所述封闭剂为丙酮肟、环己酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、乙酰丙酮、丁酮肟、ξ-己内酰胺、氢氰酸、苯酚、2-羟基吡啶、3-羟基喹啉、8-羟基吡啶、2-吡啶酚、己内酰胺、乙酰乙酸乙酯、咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1,2,4-三唑和3,5-二甲基吡唑中的一种或多种。
特别注意,本发明异氰酸酯溶液中游离异氰酸酯基(-NCO)与扩链剂和封闭剂中的羟基反应生成固化剂,游离异氰酸酯基的量决定扩链剂和封闭剂的使用量。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将40-85份软单体和15-60份硬单体混合,混合后加入2-5份乳化剂进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化剂中加入0.3-1.0份引发剂,然后在70-80℃下反应3-6h,得水性板坯定型剂;
进一步,所述软单体为丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂枝酯、丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸十三碳酯和乙酸乙烯酯中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述硬单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸十八碳酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、乙氧基烷基硫酸钠、乙氧基烷基硫酸铵、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、异丙苯基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物和苄基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物中的一种或多种。
所述水性板坯定型剂是乳液型的。
进一步,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾;在本发明的实施方式中优选所述引发剂为过硫酸铵。
所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板。
进一步,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为2%-5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为2%-5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为12-17%,刨花芯层含水率为8%-11%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用3-20N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为170-220℃、压力为17N/cm2-230N/cm2的条件下进行热压8min-14min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
本发明采用所述封闭剂将异腈酸酯中的游离异氰酸酯基保护起来,使游离异氰酸酯基在常温下失去了反应活性,从而提高了单组份无醛胶黏剂的储存稳定性。
本发明制备的水性固化剂与主胶黏剂能更好的相容,从而使无醛胶与异氰酸酯相容性得到了改善。
传统固化剂是没有封闭的异氰酸酯,异氰酸酯的活性非常高,在热压时板坯上下两个表层的异氰酸酯极易发生反应使压板(钢板)粘接在一起。而本发明的封闭异氰酸酯活性降低,在解封闭并释放游离异氰酸酯后,游离异氰酸酯基优先与胶黏剂中的羟基反应;而且制备胶黏剂时封闭异氰酸酯固化剂的使用量低,所以解决了无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板工艺中出现的板坯成型不好、粘压板的问题。
本发明单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板的过程中,需要在170-220℃条件下进行热压。高温热压不仅可以将胶黏剂中的水分充分排出,而且可以使水性固化剂释放出活泼的-NCO基团,使其与无醛胶中的羟基充分交联固化,提高粘接强度。
本发明使无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板的工艺能完全适应传统三醛胶(脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂)制备刨花板的设备,无需进行任何改进,节约成本。
另外注意的是,如果没有特别说明,本发明所记载的任何范围包括端值以及端值之间的任何数值以及以端值或者端值之间的任意数值所构成的任意子范围。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、与现有技术相比,本发明用单组份无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板,实现了刨花板生产工艺的绿色环保、无甲醛释放。
2、本发明单组份无醛胶黏剂利用板坯定型剂和封闭异氰酸酯固化剂解决了目前无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板工艺中出现的板坯成型不好、粘压板的问题,保证无醛刨花板生产的连续性。
3、由于本发明采用水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯做固化剂,该固化剂与无醛胶能很好的相溶;因此本发明的单组份无醛胶黏剂无需现场配制。
4、利用本发明的单组份胶黏剂生产刨花板,工艺简单,且工艺能够完全适用现有三醛胶(脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂)生产刨花板的设备,无需进行任何改进。所制备的刨花板几乎无甲醛释放,无毒无害,达到美国CARB标准和日本的F4星级标准,同时其外观质量、理化性能可以达到GB/T 4897.3-2003标准,使刨花板产品的品质实现质的突破。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
(一)一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向含1.5mol游离异氰酸酯基的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液中分批加入0.24mol的二羟甲基丙酸,然后在50℃下反应4h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.93mol的丁酮肟,然后在20℃下反应1h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入600g的水和0.24mol的三乙胺,然后在20℃下反应1h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏出丙酮,得水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂;
所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液的质量分数为10%。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将25份丙烯酸正丁酯、25份丙烯酸异辛酯和30份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20份甲基丙烯酸乙酯混合,混合后加入5份十二烷基磺酸钠进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化液中加入0.3份过硫酸铵,然后在80℃下反应6h,得水性板坯定型剂;
(二)所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为3.5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为3.5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为12%,刨花芯层含水率为8%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用15N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为190℃、压力为230N/cm2的条件下进行热压10min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
检测结果:对制得的刨花板进行理化性能检测,外观质量、理化性能达到GB/T4897.1-2003《刨花板第1部分对所有板型的共同要求》和GB/T4897.3-2003《刨花板第3部分在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求》的标准,具体检测数值见表1。
实施例2
(一)一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向含1mol游离异氰酸酯基的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液中分批加入0.16mol的二羟甲基丙酸,然后在50℃下反应2h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.62mol的丁酮肟,然后在20℃下反应1h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入600g的水和0.16mol的三乙胺,然后在20℃下反应1h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏出丙酮,得水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂;
所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液的质量分数为10%。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将25份丙烯酸丁酯、25份丙烯酸乙酯和50份甲基丙烯酸乙酯混合,混合后加入5份十二烷基磺酸钠进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化液中加入0.3份过硫酸铵,然后在80℃下反应6h,得水性板坯定型剂;
(二)所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板,所述刨花板的制备方法同实施例2:
检测结果:对制得的刨花板进行理化性能检测,外观质量、理化性能达到GB/T4897.1-2003《刨花板第1部分对所有板型的共同要求》和GB/T4897.3-2003《刨花板第3部分在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求》的标准,具体检测数值见表1。
实施例3
(一)一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述水性固化剂制备方法同实施例2。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将45份丙烯酸异辛酯、15份丙烯酸乙酯和20份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20份苯乙烯混合,混合后加入5份十二烷基磺酸钠进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化液中加入0.3份过硫酸铵,然后在80℃下反应6h,得水性板坯定型剂;
(二)所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为3.5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为3.5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为15%,刨花芯层含水率为10%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用15N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为190℃、压力为230N/cm2的条件下进行热压10min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
检测结果:对制得的刨花板进行理化性能检测,外观质量、理化性能达到GB/T4897.1-2003《刨花板第1部分对所有板型的共同要求》和GB/T 4897.3-2003《刨花板第3部分在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求》的标准,具体检测数值见表1。
实施例4
(一)一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向含1mol游离异氰酸酯基的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液中分批加入0.22mol的二羟甲基丙酸,然后在50℃下反应2h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.75mol的丁酮肟,然后在20℃下反应1h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入800g的水和0.22mol的三乙胺,然后在20℃下反应1h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏出丙酮,得水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂;
所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液的质量分数为10%。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将30份丙烯酸异辛酯、30份丙烯酸乙酯和10份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、30份苯乙烯混合,混合后加入5份十二烷基磺酸钠进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化液中加入0.3份过硫酸铵,然后在80℃下反应6h,得水性板坯定型剂;
(二)所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为3.5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为3.5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为15%,刨花芯层含水率为10%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用15N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为200℃、压力为230N/cm2的条件下进行热压8min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
检测结果:对制得的刨花板进行理化性能检测,外观质量、理化性能达到GB/T4897.1-2003《刨花板第1部分对所有板型的共同要求》和GB/T 4897.3-2003《刨花板第3部分在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求》的标准,具体检测数值见表1。
实施例5
(一)一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向1mol游离异氰酸酯基的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液中分批加入0.22mol的二羟甲基丙酸,然后在50℃下反应2h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.75mol的丁酮肟,然后在20℃下反应1h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入800g的水和0.22mol的三乙胺,然后在20℃下反应1h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏出丙酮,得水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂;
所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液的质量分数为10%。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将45份丙烯酸异辛酯和45份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸混合,混合后加入5份十二烷基苯磺酸钠进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化液中加入0.5份过硫酸铵,然后在80℃下反应4h,得水性板坯定型剂;
(二)所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为3.5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为3.5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为12%,刨花芯层含水率为8%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用15N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为190℃、压力为230N/cm2的条件下进行热压10min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
检测结果:对制得的刨花板进行理化性能检测,外观质量、理化性能达到GB/T4897.1-2003《刨花板第1部分对所有板型的共同要求》和GB/T 4897.3-2003《刨花板第3部分在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求》的标准,具体检测数值见表1。
实施例6
(一)一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向含1mol游离异氰酸酯基的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液中分批加入0.22mol的二羟甲基丙酸,然后在50℃下反应2h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.75mol的丁酮肟,然后在20℃下反应1h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入800g的水和0.22mol的三乙胺,然后在20℃下反应1h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏出丙酮,得水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂;
所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的丙酮溶液的质量分数为10%。
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将20份丙烯酸丁酯、40份丙烯酸异辛酯和40份甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合,混合后加入5份十二烷基苯磺酸钠进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化液中加入0.3份过硫酸铵,然后在80℃下反应6h,得水性板坯定型剂;
(二)所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为3.5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为3.5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为12%,刨花芯层含水率为8%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用15N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为190℃、压力为230N/cm2的条件下进行热压10min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
检测结果:对制得的刨花板进行理化性能检测,外观质量、理化性能达到GB/T4897.1-2003《刨花板第1部分对所有板型的共同要求》和GB/T 4897.3-2003《刨花板第3部分在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求》的标准,具体检测数值见表1。
表1:实施例1至6制备的刨花板主要理化性能检测结果
本发明的无醛胶黏剂生产刨花板工艺中出现的板坯成型不好、粘压板的问题,保证无醛刨花板生产的连续性。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (8)
1.一种刨花板用的单组份无醛胶黏剂,其特征在于,该胶黏剂由以下质量份数的原料组成:
主胶黏剂 100份;
水性固化剂 5-30份;
板坯定型剂 2-10份;
石蜡乳液 0.5-3份;
水 0-35份;
所述水性固化剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)向含1mol游离异氰酸酯基的异氰酸酯溶液中分批加入0.16-0.22mol的阴离子型亲水扩链剂,然后在40-60℃下反应2-4h,得第一混合液;
2)向所述第一混合液中加入0.62-0.75mol的封闭剂,然后在20-40℃下反应1-2h,得第二混合液;
3)向所述第二混合液中加入400-800g的水和0.16-0.22mol的三乙胺,然后在20-40℃下反应1-2h;得第三混合液;
4)将所述第三混合液在高速搅拌下进行乳化,乳化后进行减压蒸馏得水性固化剂;
所述水性固化剂为水溶性的封闭异氰酸酯固化剂;
所述异氰酸酯溶液中所用的有机溶剂为丙酮、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、氯仿或丁酮;
所述异氰酸酯溶液的质量分数为10%-50%;
所述板坯定型剂通过如下方法制成:
1)将40-85份软单体和15-60份硬单体混合,混合后加入2-5份乳化剂进行预乳化,得预乳化液;
2)向所述预乳化剂中加入0.3-1.0份引发剂,然后在70-80℃下反应3-6h,得板坯定型剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述主胶黏剂为无醛胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、1.5-萘二异氰酸酯、四甲基二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二亚甲基苯基二异氰酸酯和多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述阴离子型亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、1,2-丙二醇-3-磺酸钠、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠和乙二胺基乙磺酸钠中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述封闭剂为丙酮肟、环己酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、乙酰丙酮、丁酮肟、ξ-己内酰胺、氢氰酸、苯酚、2-羟基吡啶、3-羟基喹啉、8-羟基吡啶、2-吡啶酚、己内酰胺、乙酰乙酸乙酯、咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1,2,4-三唑和3,5-二甲基吡唑中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述软单体为丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯和甲基丙烯酸十三碳酯中的一种或多种;
所述硬单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸十八碳酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯中的一种或多种;
所述乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、乙氧基烷基硫酸钠、乙氧基烷基硫酸铵、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、异丙苯基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物和苄基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物中的一种或多种;
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂用于制备刨花板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的单组份无醛胶黏剂的应用,其特征在于,所述刨花板通过如下方法制备得到:
1)刨花筛选和烘干
将木料经过粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后去除杂质并进行筛选,筛选后进行烘干得含水率为2%-5%的刨花;
2)拌胶
将步骤1)含水率为2%-5%的刨花和单组份无醛胶黏剂混合均匀;拌胶后,刨花表层的含水率为12-17%,刨花芯层含水率为8%-11%;
3)铺装和预压成坯
将步骤2)拌胶后的刨花用3-20N/cm2的预压压力进行预压,形成板坯,使其在传送和运输的过程中不散坯;
4)热压
将板坯在温度为170-220℃、压力为17N/cm2-230N/cm2的条件下进行热压8min-14min;
5)将热压后的板坯进行冷却、锯边砂光,得刨花板。
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