CN106398142A - 一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106398142A
CN106398142A CN201610504028.8A CN201610504028A CN106398142A CN 106398142 A CN106398142 A CN 106398142A CN 201610504028 A CN201610504028 A CN 201610504028A CN 106398142 A CN106398142 A CN 106398142A
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陈可夏
陈可亮
潮建平
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料,包括以下重量份组分:蓝藻130‑135、德氏乳杆菌9‑10、血红密孔菌孢子液7‑8、乳糖16‑17、纳米石墨烯9‑10、魔芋葡甘聚糖10‑11、珍珠纤维50‑55、竹纤维56‑57、贝壳粉24‑25、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷8‑9、聚乙烯醇7‑8、适量的水。本发明采用珍珠纤维、竹纤维、贝壳粉配合蓝藻发酵深加工产物在交联剂乙烯基甲氧基硅烷的作用下制备蓝藻基生物塑料,该塑料具有生物可降解性,具有韧性强,拉伸性能好的特性,加入的纳米石墨烯能够起到增强生物塑料阻隔性能的功效。

Description

一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及蓝藻基生物可降解塑料技术领域,尤其涉及一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
乳酸、聚乳酸是生物化工产品,以可再生生物材料为原料,利用生物工程技术,产品具有生物可降解性。随着石油资源枯竭带来的能源危机以及化学工业引发的环境污染日益严重,利用生物质基原材料为底物,通过微生物发酵法生产乳酸具有重要意义;蓝藻是一类进化历史悠久、革兰氏阴性,无鞭毛,含叶绿素a,不形成叶绿体,能进行产氧性能光合作用的原核生物。蓝藻原料发酵具有高的附加值产品乳酸、L-乳酸等非食品产品,这些产品可以大大提高蓝藻资源的利用价值,制备成生物塑料,无锡德林海藻水分离技术发展有限公司研制出将藻泥制成含水率10%以下的藻粉技术,这些藻粉成本并不高的出口到美国制备成生物塑料,而自己缺乏相应的直接实现蓝藻到生物塑料加工的技术,尽管占有有利资源,却并不能实现利益最大化;国内目前对蓝藻的利用多集中先制备蓝藻提取物蓝藻蛋白、蓝藻纤维等蓝藻等生物质,在利用这些生物质的优良性能结合其它原料制备一些生物膜,而关于蓝藻直接开发利用制备蓝藻基生物塑料的报道并不多。
蓝藻直接开发利用制备蓝藻基生物塑料有通常面临以下两个问题:(1)、蓝藻原料通过发酵生产乳酸实现蓝藻到乳酸的转化率问题,该问题直接决定了原材料的利用效率;(2)、乳酸,L-乳酸以及聚乳酸聚合生成生物塑料的性能改进问题。常采用增塑、酸调、交联、填充或者共混等单一改性方法,然而这种单一改性方法有限,制备出的全降解塑料薄膜功能单一且成本高无法实现蓝藻的高价值开发
设计出利用蓝藻原料高效生产高质量蓝藻基生物塑料对提高蓝藻的开发利用价值具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料,包括以下重量份组分:蓝藻130-135、德氏乳杆菌9-10、血红密孔菌孢子液7-8、乳糖16-17、纳米石墨烯9-10、魔芋葡甘聚糖10-11、珍珠纤维50-55、竹纤维56-57、贝壳粉24-25、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷8-9、聚乙烯醇7-8、适量的水。
一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将魔芋葡甘聚糖、纳米石墨烯、乳糖以及总重量2倍的水混合,高压均质均匀之后,采用喷雾干燥技术干燥得改性乳糖,将德氏乳杆菌、血红密孔菌孢子液、改性乳糖以及总重量0.5倍的水混合搅拌均匀,低温30℃干燥活化,并搅拌干燥制备成微囊化复合菌粉备用;
(2)、构建动态发酵罐系统:所述的动态发酵罐系统包括上下放置的两个发酵罐,上下发酵罐连通处设置有滤膜,外部设置有动态泵,用于将下发酵罐发酵物泵入上发酵罐;将蓝藻去除泥沙,超微粉碎,加入总重量5倍的水混合搅拌均匀,采用600W的超声波辅助破壁处理1h,得蓝藻培养基,将该培养基经灭菌处理后,放入所构建的动态发酵罐系统的上发酵罐中,并投入微囊化复合菌粉,在25℃下搅拌发酵,当上发酵罐中的蓝藻培养基的发酵液通过滤膜过滤到下发酵罐,使得培养基沉淀到上发酵罐底部时,开启动态泵实现下发酵罐发酵物一次泵入上发酵罐,并和上发酵罐培养基混合搅拌均匀,再次搅拌发酵至培养基沉淀到上发酵罐底部,完成一次的循环补料发酵,循环4-5次,上发酵罐中获得蓝藻发酵渣备用;下发酵罐中获得高乳酸转换率的蓝藻发酵复合液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)获取的蓝藻发酵渣焙烘缩水后再次超微粉碎获取蓝藻纤维备用;将步骤(2)获取的高乳酸转换率的蓝藻发酵复合液先80℃搅拌浓缩处理50min,之后放入密闭反应釜中,通入惰性气体N2慢慢加热升温至160℃抽真空至160Pa使得乳酸直接脱水缩合,之后继续加热并缓慢减压,在220-260℃,133Pa下进一步缩聚,得改性聚乳酸;
(4)、将该改性聚乳酸中加入珍珠纤维、竹纤维、贝壳粉、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷以及海藻纤维,在70-75℃条件下600-700rpm/min速度搅拌20-30min形成悬浊液,将该悬浊液中加入聚乙烯醇,高压均质搅拌均匀,然后经螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,将挤出造粒的粒料经压延成膜即得。
本发明的优点是:本发明采用珍珠纤维、竹纤维、贝壳粉配合蓝藻发酵深加工产物在交联剂乙烯基甲氧基硅烷的作用下制备蓝藻基生物塑料,该塑料具有生物可降解性,具有韧性强,拉伸性能好的特性,加入的纳米石墨烯能够起到增强生物塑料阻隔性能的功效,同时,在改性乳糖的制备过程中,配合魔芋葡甘聚糖起到了稳定分散乳糖,使其具有良好的均匀大表面积,为蓝藻发酵菌提供了良好的载体以及可以充分利用的碳源;改性乳糖配合多次补料发酵工艺的设计提高了蓝藻乳酸发酵的乳酸转化率,同时,方便实现了蓝藻发酵产物的分离,为蓝藻基生物塑料的高效生产提供了基础。本发明工艺简单,经济效益好,对国内的蓝藻基生物薄膜的高效经济开发具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料,包括以下重量份组分:蓝藻130、德氏乳杆菌9、血红密孔菌孢子液7、乳糖16、纳米石墨烯9、魔芋葡甘聚糖10、珍珠纤维50、竹纤维56、贝壳粉24、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷8、聚乙烯醇7、适量的水。
一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将魔芋葡甘聚糖、纳米石墨烯、乳糖以及总重量2倍的水混合,高压均质均匀之后,采用喷雾干燥技术干燥得改性乳糖,将德氏乳杆菌、血红密孔菌孢子液、改性乳糖以及总重量0.5倍的水混合搅拌均匀,低温30℃干燥活化,并搅拌干燥制备成微囊化复合菌粉备用;
(2)、构建动态发酵罐系统:所述的动态发酵罐系统包括上下放置的两个发酵罐,上下发酵罐连通处设置有滤膜,外部设置有动态泵,用于将下发酵罐发酵物泵入上发酵罐;将蓝藻去除泥沙,超微粉碎,加入总重量5倍的水混合搅拌均匀,采用600W的超声波辅助破壁处理1h,得蓝藻培养基,将该培养基经灭菌处理后,放入所构建的动态发酵罐系统的上发酵罐中,并投入微囊化复合菌粉,在25℃下搅拌发酵,当上发酵罐中的蓝藻培养基的发酵液通过滤膜过滤到下发酵罐,使得培养基沉淀到上发酵罐底部时,开启动态泵实现下发酵罐发酵物一次泵入上发酵罐,并和上发酵罐培养基混合搅拌均匀,再次搅拌发酵至培养基沉淀到上发酵罐底部,完成一次的循环补料发酵,循环4次,上发酵罐中获得蓝藻发酵渣备用;下发酵罐中获得高乳酸转换率的蓝藻发酵复合液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)获取的蓝藻发酵渣焙烘缩水后再次超微粉碎获取蓝藻纤维备用;将步骤(2)获取的高乳酸转换率的蓝藻发酵复合液先80℃搅拌浓缩处理50min,之后放入密闭反应釜中,通入惰性气体N2慢慢加热升温至160℃抽真空至160Pa使得乳酸直接脱水缩合,之后继续加热并缓慢减压,在220℃,133Pa下进一步缩聚,得改性聚乳酸,
(4)、将该改性聚乳酸中加入珍珠纤维、竹纤维、贝壳粉、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷以及海藻纤维,在70℃条件下600rpm/min速度搅拌20min形成悬浊液,将该悬浊液中加入聚乙烯醇,高压均质搅拌均匀,然后经螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,将挤出造粒的粒料经压延成膜即得。

Claims (2)

1.一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料,其特征在于,包括以下重量份组分:蓝藻130-135、德氏乳杆菌9-10、血红密孔菌孢子液7-8、乳糖16-17、纳米石墨烯9-10、魔芋葡甘聚糖10-11、珍珠纤维50-55、竹纤维56-57、贝壳粉24-25、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷8-9、聚乙烯醇7-8、适量的水。
2.一种纳米石墨烯改性蓝藻基复合生物塑料制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将魔芋葡甘聚糖、纳米石墨烯、乳糖以及总重量2倍的水混合,高压均质均匀之后,采用喷雾干燥技术干燥得改性乳糖,将德氏乳杆菌、血红密孔菌孢子液、改性乳糖以及总重量0.5倍的水混合搅拌均匀,低温30℃干燥活化,并搅拌干燥制备成微囊化复合菌粉备用;
(2)、构建动态发酵罐系统:所述的动态发酵罐系统包括上下放置的两个发酵罐,上下发酵罐连通处设置有滤膜,外部设置有动态泵,用于将下发酵罐发酵物泵入上发酵罐;将蓝藻去除泥沙,超微粉碎,加入总重量5倍的水混合搅拌均匀,采用600W的超声波辅助破壁处理1h,得蓝藻培养基,将该培养基经灭菌处理后,放入所构建的动态发酵罐系统的上发酵罐中,并投入微囊化复合菌粉,在25℃下搅拌发酵,当上发酵罐中的蓝藻培养基的发酵液通过滤膜过滤到下发酵罐,使得培养基沉淀到上发酵罐底部时,开启动态泵实现下发酵罐发酵物一次泵入上发酵罐,并和上发酵罐培养基混合搅拌均匀,再次搅拌发酵至培养基沉淀到上发酵罐底部,完成一次的循环补料发酵,循环4-5次,上发酵罐中获得蓝藻发酵渣备用;下发酵罐中获得高乳酸转换率的蓝藻发酵复合液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)获取的蓝藻发酵渣焙烘缩水后再次超微粉碎获取蓝藻纤维备用;将步骤(2)获取的高乳酸转换率的蓝藻发酵复合液先80℃搅拌浓缩处理50min,之后放入密闭反应釜中,通入惰性气体N2慢慢加热升温至160℃抽真空至160Pa使得乳酸直接脱水缩合,之后继续加热并缓慢减压,在220-260℃,133Pa下进一步缩聚,得改性聚乳酸;
(4)、将该改性聚乳酸中加入珍珠纤维、竹纤维、贝壳粉、乙烯基甲氧基硅烷以及海藻纤维,在70-75℃条件下600-700rpm/min速度搅拌20-30min形成悬浊液,将该悬浊液中加入聚乙烯醇,高压均质搅拌均匀,然后经螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,将挤出造粒的粒料经压延成膜即得。
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