CN106396715A - 一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴 - Google Patents

一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN106396715A
CN106396715A CN201610735967.3A CN201610735967A CN106396715A CN 106396715 A CN106396715 A CN 106396715A CN 201610735967 A CN201610735967 A CN 201610735967A CN 106396715 A CN106396715 A CN 106396715A
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parts
boron carbide
carbide
oxide
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徐�明
何天赐
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Tongcheng Mingli Boron Carbide Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴，所述碳化硼喷头由以下重量份的材料组成：碳化硼400‑450份、铜粉20‑25份、氧化锌10‑12份、三氧化二铬8‑10份、纳米二氧化钛3‑5份、氧化镁20‑25份、氧化锆20‑25份、碳化铍2‑5份、碳化钨2‑5份、硼化锆2‑5份、焦宝石1.2‑2.4份、黄长石3‑6份、火山岩3‑5份、石墨粉1.2‑1.5份、淀粉0.4‑0.7份、氧化镧25‑35份、矿物纤维2.4‑2.7份、涤纶纤维3‑4份、碳化钛纤维0.5‑1.1份。本发明在烧结过程中形成了具有良好韧性、耐磨性的硅铝硼镧复合相，所以喷嘴的硬度、耐磨性都得到较大提高，克服了现有陶瓷喷嘴的缺陷，具有设计合理和较大推广价值的优点。

Description

一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴
技术领域
本发明涉及碳化硼元件制备技术领域，具体涉及一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴。
背景技术
碳化硼突出的优点是密度低、硬度高和中子吸收截面大，主要以碳化硼陶瓷材料的形式应用。碳化硼因强共价键结合，自扩散系数低，烧结困难。通常采用热压或者热等静压烧结才能实现致密化。但是，一方面热压和热等静压只能制备尺寸相对较小、形状简单的制品，另外一方面热压和热等静压的制造成本高，因此阻碍了碳化硼材料的应用。
陶瓷喷嘴自上个世纪九时年代引入中国以来，材料不断的改进更新，从氧化物陶瓷逐渐发展到氮化物陶瓷和碳化物陶瓷，而生产工艺及制备方法落后，致使现有技术中陶瓷喷嘴存在诸多缺陷，比如硬度不高、耐磨性差、防腐蚀防冲蚀能力弱、延展性不大等。为克服现有技术的不足，有必要对现有陶瓷喷嘴生产技术加以改进，从而制得适合不同需求的具有成本低、功能多元化、阻燃、硬度高、耐磨、防辐射等功能的陶瓷喷嘴。
研究认为阻碍碳化硼陶瓷致密化的原因之一是碳化硼粉体表面的氧化硼，氧化硼的存在会使碳化硼在较低的温度出现颗粒粗化，导致在高温阶段致密化驱动力下降。研究表明碳和一些碳化物能够有效除去碳化硼粉体表面的氧化硼，促进烧结，所以，碳和碳化物是一类重要的烧结助剂。
发明内容
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴，所述碳化硼喷头由以下重量份的材料组成：碳化硼400-450份、铜粉20-25份、氧化锌10-12份、三氧化二铬8-10份、纳米二氧化钛3-5份、氧化镁20-25份、氧化锆20-25份、碳化铍2-5份、碳化钨2-5份、硼化锆2-5份、焦宝石1.2-2.4份、黄长石3-6份、火山岩3-5份、石墨粉1.2-1.5份、淀粉0.4-0.7份、氧化镧25-35份、矿物纤维2.4-2.7份、涤纶纤维3-4份、碳化钛纤维0.5-1.1份。
所述碳化硼喷头由以下重量份的材料组成：碳化硼450份、铜粉22份、氧化锌11份、三氧化二铬9份、纳米二氧化钛4份、氧化镁22份、氧化锆22份、碳化铍3份、碳化钨3份、硼化锆3份、焦宝石2份、黄长石5份、火山岩4份、石墨粉1.3份、淀粉0.6份、氧化镧30份、矿物纤维2.5份、涤纶纤维4份、碳化钛纤维1份。
所述制备方法包括如下制作步骤：
①、原材料混合：按照重量百分比取上述原料，将碳化硼混合粉末与麦芽糖浆以重量比5:1的比例混合，搅拌均匀，最终的效果是手指轻捏能成小团；
②、材料的压制预处理、造粒：将搅拌均匀的碳化硼混合粉末装入合金模具，用冷压机压制成饼状即可，每次压制装入与模具孔等体积的碳化硼粉末，将饼状碳化硼通过80目的不锈钢筛筛成颗粒状；
③、热处理：使用中频烧结炉加热，开机，将功率调至120kw/h加热，加热时间为1小时35分钟，温度达到2200℃，中间过程中电压不稳，要随时调节，保证120kw/h的功率，炉内温度达到2200℃时开始保温，每5分钟将功率下调10kw/h,保温时间为20分钟；
④、压制冷切成型：保温结束后开始加压，通过远程控制阀给中频烧结炉加压，加压前10分钟匀速加压到10MPa，然后5分钟保持匀速加压到15MPa，整个加压过程约15分钟，开始保压5分钟，最后关机，整个压制时间约20分钟，最后通过循环水给炉体冷却成型。
本发明的有益效果：本发明在烧结过程中形成了具有良好韧性、耐磨性的硅铝硼镧复合相，所以喷嘴的硬度、耐磨性都得到较大提高，至少能达到94％的相对密度(RD)和至少2200㎏/㎜2的维氏硬度，克服了现有陶瓷喷嘴的缺陷，具有设计合理和较大推广价值的优点。
具体实施方式
为了便于本发明内容的理解，下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以下实施例仅为本发明的一部分实施例。
实施例1：
按照重量百分比称取碳化硼400份、铜粉20份、氧化锌10份、三氧化二铬8份、纳米二氧化钛3份、氧化镁20份、氧化锆20份、碳化铍2份、碳化钨2份、硼化锆2份、焦宝石1.2份、黄长石3份、火山岩3份、石墨粉1.2份、淀粉0.4份、氧化镧25份、矿物纤维2.4份、涤纶纤维3份、碳化钛纤维0.5份。
按照如下步骤制备成型：①、原材料混合：按照重量百分比取上述原料，将碳化硼粉末与麦芽糖浆以重量比5:1的比例混合，搅拌均匀，最终的效果是手指轻捏能成小团；
②、材料的压制预处理、造粒：将搅拌均匀的碳化硼混合粉末装入合金模具，用冷压机压制成饼状即可，每次压制装入与模具孔等体积的碳化硼粉末，将饼状碳化硼通过80目的不锈钢筛筛成颗粒状；
③、热处理：使用中频烧结炉加热，开机，将功率调至120kw/h加热，加热时间为1小时35分钟，温度达到2200℃，中间过程中电压不稳，要随时调节，保证120kw/h的功率，炉内温度达到2200℃时开始保温，每5分钟将功率下调10kw/h,保温时间为20分钟；
④、压制冷切成型：保温结束后开始加压，通过远程控制阀给中频烧结炉加压，加压前10分钟匀速加压到10MPa，然后5分钟保持匀速加压到15MPa，整个加压过程约15分钟，开始保压5分钟，最后关机，整个压制时间约20分钟，最后通过循环水给炉体冷却成型。
实施例2：
按照重量百分比称取碳化硼450份、铜粉25份、氧化锌12份、三氧化二铬10份、纳米二氧化钛5份、氧化镁25份、氧化锆25份、碳化铍5份、碳化钨5份、硼化锆5份、焦宝石2.4份、黄长石6份、火山岩5份、石墨粉1.5份、淀粉0.7份、氧化镧35份、矿物纤维2.7份、涤纶纤维4份、碳化钛纤维1.1份。
按照如下步骤制备成型：①、原材料混合：按照重量百分比取上述原料，将碳化硼粉末与麦芽糖浆以重量比5:1的比例混合，搅拌均匀，最终的效果是手指轻捏能成小团；
②、材料的压制预处理、造粒：将搅拌均匀的碳化硼混合粉末装入合金模具，用冷压机压制成饼状即可，每次压制装入与模具孔等体积的碳化硼粉末，将饼状碳化硼通过80目的不锈钢筛筛成颗粒状；
③、热处理：使用中频烧结炉加热，开机，将功率调至120kw/h加热，加热时间为1小时35分钟，温度达到2200℃，中间过程中电压不稳，要随时调节，保证120kw/h的功率，炉内温度达到2200℃时开始保温，每5分钟将功率下调10kw/h,保温时间为20分钟；
④、压制冷切成型：保温结束后开始加压，通过远程控制阀给中频烧结炉加压，加压前10分钟匀速加压到10MPa，然后5分钟保持匀速加压到15MPa，整个加压过程约15分钟，开始保压5分钟，最后关机，整个压制时间约20分钟，最后通过循环水给炉体冷却成型。
实施例3：
按照重量百分比称取碳化硼450份、铜粉22份、氧化锌11份、三氧化二铬9份、纳米二氧化钛4份、氧化镁22份、氧化锆22份、碳化铍3份、碳化钨3份、硼化锆3份、焦宝石2份、黄长石5份、火山岩4份、石墨粉1.3份、淀粉0.6份、氧化镧30份、矿物纤维2.5份、涤纶纤维4份、碳化钛纤维1份。
按照如下步骤制备成型：①、原材料混合：按照重量百分比取上述原料，将碳化硼粉末与麦芽糖浆以重量比5:1的比例混合，搅拌均匀，最终的效果是手指轻捏能成小团；
②、材料的压制预处理、造粒：将搅拌均匀的碳化硼混合粉末装入合金模具，用冷压机压制成饼状即可，每次压制装入与模具孔等体积的碳化硼粉末，将饼状碳化硼通过80目的不锈钢筛筛成颗粒状；
③、热处理：使用中频烧结炉加热，开机，将功率调至120kw/h加热，加热时间为1小时35分钟，温度达到2200℃，中间过程中电压不稳，要随时调节，保证120kw/h的功率，炉内温度达到2200℃时开始保温，每5分钟将功率下调10kw/h,保温时间为20分钟；
④、压制冷切成型：保温结束后开始加压，通过远程控制阀给中频烧结炉加压，加压前10分钟匀速加压到10MPa，然后5分钟保持匀速加压到15MPa，整个加压过程约15分钟，开始保压5分钟，最后关机，整个压制时间约20分钟，最后通过循环水给炉体冷却成型。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴，其特征在于，所述碳化硼喷头由以下重量份的材料组成：碳化硼400-450份、铜粉20-25份、氧化锌10-12份、三氧化二铬8-10份、纳米二氧化钛3-5份、氧化镁20-25份、氧化锆20-25份、碳化铍2-5份、碳化钨2-5份、硼化锆2-5份、焦宝石1.2-2.4份、黄长石3-6份、火山岩3-5份、石墨粉1.2-1.5份、淀粉0.4-0.7份、氧化镧25-35份、矿物纤维2.4-2.7份、涤纶纤维3-4份、碳化钛纤维0.5-1.1份。
2.一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴，其特征在于，所述碳化硼喷头由以下重量份的材料组成：碳化硼450份、铜粉22份、氧化锌11份、三氧化二铬9份、纳米二氧化钛4份、氧化镁22份、氧化锆22份、碳化铍3份、碳化钨3份、硼化锆3份、焦宝石2份、黄长石5份、火山岩4份、石墨粉1.3份、淀粉0.6份、氧化镧30份、矿物纤维2.5份、涤纶纤维4份、碳化钛纤维1份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种高性能碳化硼陶瓷喷嘴，其特征在于，其制备方法包括如下制作步骤：
①、原材料混合：按照重量百分比取上述原料混合，将碳化硼混合粉末与麦芽糖浆以重量比5:1的比例混合，搅拌均匀，最终的效果是手指轻捏能成小团；
②、材料的压制预处理、造粒：将搅拌均匀的碳化硼混合粉末装入合金模具，用冷压机压制成饼状即可，每次压制装入与模具孔等体积的碳化硼粉末，将饼状碳化硼通过80目的不锈钢筛筛成颗粒状；
③、热处理：使用中频烧结炉加热，开机，将功率调至120kw/h加热，加热时间为1小时35分钟，温度达到2200℃，中间过程中电压不稳，要随时调节，保证120kw/h的功率，炉内温度达到2200℃时开始保温，每5分钟将功率下调10kw/h,保温时间为20分钟；
④、压制冷切成型：保温结束后开始加压，通过远程控制阀给中频烧结炉加压，加压前10分钟匀速加压到10MPa，然后5分钟保持匀速加压到15MPa，整个加压过程约15分钟，开始保压5分钟，最后关机，整个压制时间约20分钟，最后通过循环水给炉体冷却成型。
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