CN106396706B - 一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106396706B
CN106396706B CN201610776483.3A CN201610776483A CN106396706B CN 106396706 B CN106396706 B CN 106396706B CN 201610776483 A CN201610776483 A CN 201610776483A CN 106396706 B CN106396706 B CN 106396706B
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郭迎庆
薛荣飞
邹玉
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Zhongshan Jianhong New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法，属于炼钢耐火材料制备技术领域。本发明首先以粉煤灰和高炉渣为原料，对其球磨，煅烧和酸泡后，得到水口砖添加料，再将其与氧化锆、硅酸钠等物质混合，经碾磨和挤压成型，得到砖坯，最后对其进行烧结，即可得到抗热震性复合水口砖。本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖抗热震性能好，裂纹稳定系数指数为158～165；高温强度好，1400℃抗折强度达到36MPa以上。

Description

一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法，属于炼钢耐火材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
随着炼钢工艺的发展，对钢包滑动水口、中间包定径水口和中间包上水口用耐火材料的使用条件变得日益苛刻。为了提高水口砖的寿命，即使当耐火材料与熔融材料相接触时，有必要防止它与熔融材料例如液态钢水和熔渣进行反应。水口砖的损坏，不仅是由于液态金属和熔渣的化学作用，而且由于熔融金属的快速热冲击引起的裂纹和剥落以及液态金属的磨损等物理作用。因此为了使水口砖能够稳定地操作，必须采用能很好抗热冲击和抗侵蚀的耐火材料用于制造水口砖。
目前冶金浇铸用滑动水口砖（上下水口、上下滑板砖）较常用有铝碳、铝锆碳、镁质、刚玉等四大类材质，随着炼钢工艺的发展，对滑动水口砖要求日益提高，尤其是对抗热冲击、抗侵蚀、高温结构强度及高温耐磨性能提出更高要求。然而铝碳、铝锆碳质滑动水口砖，虽具有抗热震性能好，强度高的特点，但存在易氧化缺点，滑板砖多炉连用时会因氧化导致高温结构强度降低，板面疏松，严重的会产生工作面层浇钢区域拉毛、细粉脱落现象，称为“荒面”，造成滑板砖开关困难甚至危及安全生产；其次，含碳滑板砖在浇铸低碳钢时，耐火材料中的碳容易熔解到钢水中，导致钢水增碳，影响钢的质量；再就是铝锆碳滑板中的ZrO2易与钢水中FeO反应形成低熔物，会进一步恶化滑板砖的组织结构，尤其是工作面层的组织结构。镁质滑板砖虽具有良好的抗侵蚀性能和抗氧化性能，但其高温强度低，不耐钢水冲刷，而且抗热震性也差，容易造成滑板砖开裂损坏。刚玉滑板砖虽然抗氧化性能好，但高温强度不够、抗侵蚀性能也差，工作面层浇钢区易产生“荒面”。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对镁质的水口砖抗热震性能差，容易造成水口砖开裂损坏，且其高温强度低，不耐钢水冲刷的问题，本发明首先以粉煤灰和高炉渣为原料，对其球磨，煅烧和酸泡后，得到水口砖添加料，再将其与氧化锆、硅酸钠等物质混合，经碾磨和挤压成型，得到砖坯，最后对其进行烧结，即可得到抗热震性复合水口砖。本发明制备的抗热震性水口砖抗热震性能好，不易开裂损坏，且其高温强度好，延长了其使用寿命。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
（1）按质量比2:1～3:1，取粉煤灰和高炉渣放入球磨机中，按球料比6:1，加入钢球，进行球磨，过150目筛，将过筛颗粒与蒸馏水按质量比1:3混合后，放入搅拌机中，以200r/min搅拌20～30min，随后静置30～40min，去除漂浮在水面的杂质，再进行过滤，收集滤渣；
（2）将上述滤渣放入煅烧炉中，设定温度为600～700℃，煅烧1～2h，随炉冷却至室温，将煅烧物放入粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎颗粒与其质量1～2倍的质量分数20％盐酸溶液混合均匀，以120r/min搅拌20～30min，随后进行过滤，使用蒸馏冲洗滤渣至中性并风干，得复合水口砖添加料；
（3）按重量份数计，取40～46份氧化锆、18～21份上述复合水口砖添加料、7～9份硅酸钠、5～8份玄武岩纤维、2～4份酚醛树脂及1～3份蓝晶石，放入碾磨机中进行碾磨，得混料，再将混料放入压力机中挤压成型，设定压力为1600～1650kN，维持压力20～50s，得砖坯；
（4）将上述砖坯放入干燥器中，使用氮气保护，设定温度为110～130℃，干燥34～38h，将干燥后的砖坯放入窑炉中，设定温度为1500～1600℃，烧结16～18h，再以10℃/min降温至800～900℃，保温4～6h后降温至400～500℃，保温1～2h，随后自然冷却至室温，即可得抗热震性复合水口砖。
本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖常温耐压强度达到250MPa以上，1400℃抗折强度达到36MPa以上，裂纹稳定系数指数为158～165。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖抗热震性能好，裂纹稳定系数指数为158～165；
（2）本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖高温强度好，1400℃抗折强度达到36MPa以上。
具体实施方式
首先按质量比2:1～3:1，取粉煤灰和高炉渣放入球磨机中，按球料比6:1，加入钢球，进行球磨，过150目筛，将过筛颗粒与蒸馏水按质量比1:3混合后，放入搅拌机中，以200r/min搅拌20～30min，随后静置30～40min，去除漂浮在水面的杂质，再进行过滤，收集滤渣；将上述滤渣放入煅烧炉中，设定温度为600～700℃，煅烧1～2h，随炉冷却至室温，将煅烧物放入粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎颗粒与其质量1～2倍的质量分数20％盐酸溶液混合均匀，以120r/min搅拌20～30min，随后进行过滤，使用蒸馏冲洗滤渣至中性并风干，得复合水口砖添加料；
再按重量份数计，取40～46份氧化锆、18～21份上述复合水口砖添加料、7～9份硅酸钠、5～8份玄武岩纤维、2～4份酚醛树脂及1～3份蓝晶石，放入碾磨机中进行碾磨，得混料，再将混料放入压力机中挤压成型，设定压力为1600～1650kN，维持压力20～50s，得砖坯；最后将上述砖坯放入干燥器中，使用氮气保护，设定温度为110～130℃，干燥34～38h，将干燥后的砖坯放入窑炉中，设定温度为1500～1600℃，烧结16～18h，再以10℃/min降温至800～900℃，保温4～6h后降温至400～500℃，保温1～2h，随后自然冷却至室温，即可得抗热震性复合水口砖。
实例1
首先按质量比3:1，取粉煤灰和高炉渣放入球磨机中，按球料比6:1，加入钢球，进行球磨，过150目筛，将过筛颗粒与蒸馏水按质量比1:3混合后，放入搅拌机中，以200r/min搅拌30min，随后静置40min，去除漂浮在水面的杂质，再进行过滤，收集滤渣；将上述滤渣放入煅烧炉中，设定温度为700℃，煅烧2h，随炉冷却至室温，将煅烧物放入粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎颗粒与其质量2倍的质量分数20％盐酸溶液混合均匀，以120r/min搅拌30min，随后进行过滤，使用蒸馏冲洗滤渣至中性并风干，得复合水口砖添加料；再按重量份数计，取46份氧化锆、21份上述复合水口砖添加料、9份硅酸钠、8份玄武岩纤维、4份酚醛树脂及3份蓝晶石，放入碾磨机中进行碾磨，得混料，再将混料放入压力机中挤压成型，设定压力为1650kN，维持压力50s，得砖坯；最后将上述砖坯放入干燥器中，使用氮气保护，设定温度为130℃，干燥38h，将干燥后的砖坯放入窑炉中，设定温度为1600℃，烧结18h，再以10℃/min降温至900℃，保温6h后降温至500℃，保温2h，随后自然冷却至室温，即可得抗热震性复合水口砖。
经检测，本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖常温耐压强度达到255MPa，1400℃抗折强度达到37MPa，裂纹稳定系数指数为165。
实例2
首先按质量比2:1，取粉煤灰和高炉渣放入球磨机中，按球料比6:1，加入钢球，进行球磨，过150目筛，将过筛颗粒与蒸馏水按质量比1:3混合后，放入搅拌机中，以200r/min搅拌20min，随后静置30min，去除漂浮在水面的杂质，再进行过滤，收集滤渣；将上述滤渣放入煅烧炉中，设定温度为600℃，煅烧1h，随炉冷却至室温，将煅烧物放入粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎颗粒与其质量1倍的质量分数20％盐酸溶液混合均匀，以120r/min搅拌20min，随后进行过滤，使用蒸馏冲洗滤渣至中性并风干，得复合水口砖添加料；再按重量份数计，取40份氧化锆、18份上述复合水口砖添加料、7份硅酸钠、5份玄武岩纤维、2份酚醛树脂及1份蓝晶石，放入碾磨机中进行碾磨，得混料，再将混料放入压力机中挤压成型，设定压力为1600kN，维持压力20s，得砖坯；最后将上述砖坯放入干燥器中，使用氮气保护，设定温度为110℃，干燥34h，将干燥后的砖坯放入窑炉中，设定温度为1500℃，烧结16h，再以10℃/min降温至800℃，保温4h后降温至400℃，保温1h，随后自然冷却至室温，即可得抗热震性复合水口砖。
经检测，本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖常温耐压强度达到256MPa，1400℃抗折强度达到38MPa，裂纹稳定系数指数为158。
实例3
首先按质量比2:1，取粉煤灰和高炉渣放入球磨机中，按球料比6:1，加入钢球，进行球磨，过150目筛，将过筛颗粒与蒸馏水按质量比1:3混合后，放入搅拌机中，以200r/min搅拌25min，随后静置35min，去除漂浮在水面的杂质，再进行过滤，收集滤渣；将上述滤渣放入煅烧炉中，设定温度为650℃，煅烧2h，随炉冷却至室温，将煅烧物放入粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎颗粒与其质量2倍的质量分数20％盐酸溶液混合均匀，以120r/min搅拌25min，随后进行过滤，使用蒸馏冲洗滤渣至中性并风干，得复合水口砖添加料；再按重量份数计，取42份氧化锆、20份上述复合水口砖添加料、8份硅酸钠、7份玄武岩纤维、3份酚醛树脂及2份蓝晶石，放入碾磨机中进行碾磨，得混料，再将混料放入压力机中挤压成型，设定压力为1640kN，维持压力30s，得砖坯；最后将上述砖坯放入干燥器中，使用氮气保护，设定温度为120℃，干燥35h，将干燥后的砖坯放入窑炉中，设定温度为1550℃，烧结17h，再以10℃/min降温至850℃，保温5h后降温至450℃，保温1h，随后自然冷却至室温，即可得抗热震性复合水口砖。
经检测，本发明制备的抗热震性复合水口砖常温耐压强度达到254MPa，1400℃抗折强度达到39MPa，裂纹稳定系数指数为160。

Claims (1)

1.一种抗热震性复合水口砖的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）按质量比2:1～3:1，取粉煤灰和高炉渣放入球磨机中，按球料比6:1，加入钢球，进行球磨，过150目筛，将过筛颗粒与蒸馏水按质量比1:3混合后，放入搅拌机中，以200r/min搅拌20～30min，随后静置30～40min，去除漂浮在水面的杂质，再进行过滤，收集滤渣；
（2）将上述滤渣放入煅烧炉中，设定温度为600～700℃，煅烧1～2h，随炉冷却至室温，将煅烧物放入粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎颗粒与其质量1～2倍的质量分数20％盐酸溶液混合均匀，以120r/min搅拌20～30min，随后进行过滤，使用蒸馏冲洗滤渣至中性并风干，得复合水口砖添加料；
（3）按重量份数计，取40～46份氧化锆、18～21份上述复合水口砖添加料、7～9份硅酸钠、5～8份玄武岩纤维、2～4份酚醛树脂及1～3份蓝晶石，放入碾磨机中进行碾磨，得混料，再将混料放入压力机中挤压成型，设定压力为1600～1650kN，维持压力20～50s，得砖坯；
（4）将上述砖坯放入干燥器中，使用氮气保护，设定温度为110～130℃，干燥34～38h，将干燥后的砖坯放入窑炉中，设定温度为1500～1600℃，烧结16～18h，再以10℃/min降温至800～900℃，保温4～6h后降温至400～500℃，保温1～2h，随后自然冷却至室温，即可得抗热震性复合水口砖。
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