CN106392078A - 用于制造同步环的方法及同步环 - Google Patents

用于制造同步环的方法及同步环 Download PDF

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CN106392078A
CN106392078A CN201610599498.7A CN201610599498A CN106392078A CN 106392078 A CN106392078 A CN 106392078A CN 201610599498 A CN201610599498 A CN 201610599498A CN 106392078 A CN106392078 A CN 106392078A
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ring
synchronous ring
synchronous
sintered
sintering
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维尔纳·菲尔古特
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Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/025Synchro rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082Production methods therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0086Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0023Shaping by pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/003Chip removing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0038Surface treatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0038Surface treatment
    • F16D2250/0053Hardening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12Mounting or assembling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造用于被同步的变速器的同步环的方法,该方法提出通过烧结制造同步环(1)且然后对其进行硬化。

Description

用于制造同步环的方法及同步环
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造同步环的方法以及涉及同步环自身,即,该同步环用于被同步的变速器。
特别地,本发明涉及一种用于变速器的所谓的闭锁环或棘轮同步环,其棘轮齿暂时阻止换档套管啮合换档齿部。
背景技术
同步环被用作为外部同步环、内部同步环和中间环,其中,此外也分为单、双和三锥面系统。所谓的多锥面系统通常用于同步低挡位,因为在此在同步时的转速差大于在高挡位时的转速差的情况,且因此在齿轮加速和制动时要求更大的摩擦力。在外部同步的情况下,同步环具有锥形的外部侧面和摩擦面,且在内部同步的情况下具有锥形的内部侧面和摩擦面。
例如通过金属片形变、通过烧结或锻造制造同步环。所制造的锥形摩擦面在之后的工作步骤中被加工,特别被涂覆有有机的或含碳的磨擦片衬面。也可借助于电镀方法或热方法施加金属涂层。
EP 2 429 737描述了一种用于制造同步环的方法,在其中,环通过由金属制成的平面材料形变而制造。
此外,已知的通过烧结制造同步环的方法迄今在实际中还未能完全令人信服。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,实现一种用于制造同步环的方法以及同步环自身,该同步环可非常简单地制造,且其相对于现有技术呈现出改进的运行特性。
该目的通过具有下述步骤的方法实现:
a)通过将金属粉末挤压成坯件且然后烧结而粉末冶金制造同步环,以及
b)然后对被烧结的同步环进行硬化。
本发明提出,还对在现有技术中通过烧结其实已经完成的同步环在分开的、下一步骤中进行硬化。在实验中证实的该硬化方法决定性地改进了同步环的表面特性,且使得其在实际使用中比迄今通过烧结制造的同步环明显更好。
这样的后续硬化迄今一方面未被认为是必要的和经济的,然而实验驳斥了该看法。
同步环应在步骤a)中获得其最终的外部几何形状,即,根据该实施方式取消后续的机械加工。
为了在烧结之后具有最终的外部几何形状,然而有利的可以是,对之前制造的坯件进行切削加工,这例如对于制造咬边可以是有利的。
根据本发明的同步环也应无摩擦层地被制造。这表示,在未来的摩擦面区域中无分开的层或分开的部分被置于被烧结的同步环上。在该变型方案中,通过硬化仅可改变表面。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,通过根据本发明的方法制造的同步环是闭锁环,其中,棘轮齿已经在步骤a)中被模制。
同步环具有锥形摩擦面,该锥形摩擦面具有轴向延伸的槽或被实施成无槽的。对于同步环具有槽的情况,槽可在挤压时被制造或在切削加工坯件时被制造。至少优选地,不使用在烧结之后的机械加工。
优选地,通过渗氮实现硬化。在烧结之后被冷却的同步环然后经受渗氮处理。
在也可根据本发明使用的等离子渗氮中,同步环被置于气体环境中,其中,渗氮气体在电场的影响下是导电的。在此,同步环是负极。
在实验中得出,也称为硝基碳氮共渗的短时间气体渗氮为特别经济的硬化方法。同步环包括氮和碳,其中,氮是主要介质。
优选地,在六至八小时的时间段上使用硝基碳氮共渗。所制造的同步环具有非常薄的、然而非常硬的外部层以及在其之下的、在硬化方法中制造的、更硬的、更厚的层。
本发明的另一变型方案提出,同步环被渗硼。在大致900℃的情况下,被嵌入渗硼物粉末中的同步环被加热,由此产生非常硬的表面层,具有直至0.1mm的厚度。
此外,本发明涉及用于被同步的变速器的同步环,特别涉及闭锁环,其被构建成被烧结的且被硬化的环。
附图说明
在下文的描述中和在参考的附图中给出本发明的其他特征和有点。
图1示出根据本发明的、根据本发明而制造的同步环。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出闭锁或棘轮-同步环的形式的同步环1。
同步环1具有环体2,棘轮齿3在轴向端部4上远离环体外侧。棘轮齿3是径向向外指向的凸缘的部分。
该凸缘也可设置有所谓的被模制的索引凸台5。该索引凸台5在棘轮齿的相邻组之间。该凸台5是任选的。
所示的同步环1是所谓的单一锥面-同步环,在环体的内侧上具有锥形摩擦面6。这样的同步环1用于所谓的内部同步。然而应强调,这不应是限制性的,且此外下文中描述的方法也可用于外部同步或多次同步。
在多次同步中或在外部同步中,外部侧面7被实施成锥形的,且形成摩擦面。在双锥形系统中,取消棘轮齿3。
锥形摩擦面6在其圆周上设置有多个、相距非常近的轴向槽8,槽的宽度基本等于或甚至大于相邻的槽8之间的距离。也可选地设置该槽。
槽8例如仅在轴向,即,在纯轴向方向上延伸,使得其中心线不具有切向分量。
如下地制造所示的同步环:
-通过将金属粉末挤压成坯件已经制造了同步环,如其从外部几何形状方面对应于图1中所示的几何形状,即,同步环已经直至毫米的一些小部分而具有其精确的几何形状。然而替选地,坯件在该方法时间点上也可被机械加工,即,切削加工,例如在其中置入倾斜延伸的槽9。
-然后坯件被烧结。
-在最后的步骤中,例如通过诸如等离子渗氮或硝基碳氮共渗的渗氮而实现对被烧结的同步环硬化六至八小时。
-替选地,也可进行渗硼。
-在烧结之后不施加摩擦层,被硬化的同步环在硬化之后形成其最终的使用形状,即,形成其最终的外部几何形状,包括外部尺寸。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制造用于被同步的变速器的同步环的方法,其特征在于,下述步骤:
a)通过将金属粉末挤压成坯件且然后烧结而粉末冶金制造同步环(1),以及
b)然后对被烧结的同步环(1)进行硬化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,同步环(1)在步骤a)中获得其最终的外部几何形状,优选包括其外部尺寸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,坯件仅在烧结之前被切削加工。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,无摩擦层地制造同步环(1)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,同步环(1)是闭锁环且具有棘轮齿(3),棘轮齿在步骤a)中被模制;和/或同步环(1)具有锥形摩擦面(6),该锥形摩擦面具有轴向延伸的槽(8)或被实施成无槽的。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,被烧结的同步环在步骤b)中被渗氮。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,同步环被等离子渗氮。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,被烧结的同步环(1)在步骤b)中被硝基碳氮共渗,特别进行4至8小时。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,被烧结的同步环(1)在步骤b)中被渗硼。
10.一种用于被同步的变速器的同步环,其特征在于,同步环(1)是被烧结的且进行硬化的同步环。
CN201610599498.7A 2015-07-28 2016-07-26 用于制造同步环的方法及同步环 Pending CN106392078A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102015112322.3A DE102015112322A1 (de) 2015-07-28 2015-07-28 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Synchronrings sowie Synchronring
DE102015112322.3 2015-07-28

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CN1826481A (zh) * 2003-07-29 2006-08-30 迪尔金属合作两合公司 同步环
WO2006079762A1 (fr) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-03 Federal Mogul Operations France S.A.S Bague de synchronisation et son procede de fabrication
CN102245346A (zh) * 2008-12-11 2011-11-16 贺尔碧格传动技术控股有限公司 用于制造外同步环的方法
CN103231061A (zh) * 2013-03-30 2013-08-07 安徽省恒宇粉末冶金有限公司 一种粉末冶金同步轮及其制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10953415B2 (en) 2017-06-20 2021-03-23 Suss Microtec Lithography Gmbh Nozzle tip adapter, nozzle assembly as well as nozzle

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