CN106389780A - 防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其原料以重量份数计,由如下成分制成:桑叶、蘑菇和灵芝混合膏剂20‑40份,蚕蛹粉 5‑10份,柿子5‑10 份,东北大红萝卜5‑10 份,山楂5‑10 份,鲜蒲公英5‑10 份,苦瓜5‑10 份,山药5‑10 份。药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙病害的发生率,对美国青蛙腹水病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于青蛙养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
美国青蛙又名河蛙、水蛙。原产于美国,20世纪80年代后期引进我国,其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,是上等的食用蛙,现已在全国各地推广养殖。美国青蛙具有个体大、生长快、味道鲜美、蛋白质含量高,是一种优质高效的经济养殖蛙类。随着行业竞争激烈,一些老养殖户养殖技术老套,导致产效低下,有些血本无归,有些养殖不惜使用一些违禁药物,导致青蛙体内有害物质积累,从而导致大量死亡,也使养殖水质遭到严重污染,也间接破坏周围生态环境。
美国青蛙在养殖过程中,规模化养殖容易发生病害,而且非常容易传播开来,主要有以下病害:蝌蚪期常见病害:病害、败血症、肠炎、水霉、腹水、车轮虫病、气泡病;成蛙常见病害:肠炎、红腿病、传染性肝病、白眼病、烂皮病、腹水病等,通过实践、探索、实验对比,采取以预防为主。
腹水病的主要症状:病蛙四肢乏力,懒动厌食;体表无明显病灶;腹部膨胀;解剖可见腹腔内有大量积水,腹水呈淡黄色或红色,肠胃均发红、充血,部分病蛙有肝肿大现象。
现有技术中一般采用西药氟哌酸防治美国青蛙腹水病,容易造成药物依赖,或者影响青蛙肉质,因此有必要开发一种防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙病害的发生率,对美国青蛙腹水病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
本发明的目的之二在于提供该防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物的制备方法。
本发明防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物原料以重量份数计,由如下成分制成:
桑叶、蘑菇和灵芝混合膏剂20-40份,蚕蛹粉 5-10份, 柿子5-10份, 东北大红萝卜5-10份, 山楂5-10份,鲜蒲公英5-10 份,苦瓜5-10份, 山药5-10 份。
其中桑叶、蘑菇和灵芝混合膏剂中灵芝膏剂、桑叶膏剂和蘑菇膏剂重量比为1:(1.5-3):(2-3)。
其中蚕蛹粉优选7-10 份。
其中柿子优选5-8 份,东北大红萝卜优选7-10 份。
其中山楂优选8-10 份,鲜蒲公英优选5-7 份。
其中苦瓜优选5-7 份。
其中山药优选8-10 份。
本发明防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)蘑菇膏剂的制备: 选取干燥、色泽正常的蘑菇,除杂、洗净后,粉碎成60-300目的细粉状,置于60-80倍重量沸水进行30-90分钟的煮制,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加1-3倍重量的90-95%乙醇溶液,在30-50℃下浸提40-60分钟,减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得蘑菇浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(2)桑叶膏剂的制备: 选取大而厚、色黄绿、质脆的桑叶为原料,加入8-10倍的90-95%的乙醇溶液,加热至50-70℃,回流40-70分钟,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加5-8倍的90-95%的乙醇溶液,加热至50-70℃,回流40-70分钟,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得桑叶浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(3)灵芝膏剂的制备:灵芝清洗粉碎成60-300目的细粉状,煎煮法提取浸提液,浸提温度80-90度,浸提时间2-4h,料液比1:(12-17), 再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(4) 将灵芝膏剂、桑叶浸膏剂和蘑菇膏剂按重量比1:(1.5-3):(2-3)的比例混合;
(5)将混合膏剂和蚕蛹粉、柿子、东北大红萝卜、山楂、鲜蒲公英、苦瓜、山药加入益生菌株按照发酵工艺流程发酵,发酵液加入稳定剂为0.3-0.5 g/L海藻酸钠,0.2-0.6 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.3-0.7 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠,用硅藻土去除混合汁液中的细小悬浮颗粒,将滤过后的制剂恒温100度20-30分钟灭菌,冷却至40度以下后灌装。
本发明的药物使用方法:成蛙期,每次喂养时,每10公斤饲料,称取300克防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法,然后加入饲料中,拌均,立即喂养,每天早晚各喂养一次,自由采食,10天为一个疗程,可以每隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程,幼蛙期药物减半。本发明防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法有如下效果:
药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低美国青蛙病害的发生率,对美国青蛙腹水病有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
表1为实施例1-6及对比例1的配方,单位为克
表1
实施例 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 对比例1 |
灵芝膏剂 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
桑叶膏剂 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 15 | 14 | 8 |
蘑菇膏剂 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 8 |
蚕蛹粉 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 7 | - |
柿子 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
东北大红萝卜 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 8 |
山楂 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 9 |
鲜蒲公英 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
苦瓜 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
山药 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 8 |
表2为实施例7-12及对比例2的配方,单位为克
表2
实施例 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 | 实施例11 | 实施例12 | 对比例2 |
灵芝膏剂 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 |
桑叶膏剂 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 14 | 8 | 9 | 15 |
蘑菇膏剂 | 15 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
蚕蛹粉 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 8 |
柿子 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 5 | - |
东北大红萝卜 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 5 |
山楂 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
鲜蒲公英 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 |
苦瓜 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
山药 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
本发明实施例及对比例防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)蘑菇膏剂的制备: 选取干燥、色泽正常的蘑菇,除杂、洗净后,粉碎成60-300目的细粉状,置于60-80倍重量沸水进行30-90分钟的煮制,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加1-3倍重量的90-95%乙醇溶液,在30-50℃下浸提40-60分钟,减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得蘑菇浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(2)桑叶膏剂的制备: 选取大而厚、色黄绿、质脆的桑叶为原料,加入8-10倍的90-95%的乙醇溶液,加热至50-70℃,回流40-70分钟,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加5-8倍的90-95%的乙醇溶液,加热至50-70℃,回流40-70分钟,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得桑叶浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(3)灵芝膏剂的制备:灵芝清洗粉碎成60-300目的细粉状,煎煮法提取浸提液,浸提温度80-90度,浸提时间2-4h,料液比1:(12-17), 再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(4) 将灵芝膏剂、桑叶浸膏剂和蘑菇膏剂按重量比1:(1.5-3):(2-3)的比例混合;
(5)将混合膏剂和其他原料加入益生菌株按照发酵工艺流程发酵,发酵液加入稳定剂为0.3 g/L海藻酸钠,0.2 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.3 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠,用硅藻土去除混合汁液中的细小悬浮颗粒,将滤过后的制剂恒温100度20-30分钟灭菌,冷却至40度以下后灌装。
临床试验一:
(1)实验动物
选择 300只患有腹水病的美国青蛙成蛙,腹部膨胀,食欲减退,不愿活动。
(2)实验方法
随机分组,共分15个组,每组20 只,其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料,每天2次,自由采食,连续10 天;另一组为对照组,使用现有技术氟哌酸治疗法,再按照正常饲喂方式喂养。治疗10天之后,观察并做好记录。具体见表3。
(3) 治疗标准及观察方法
治愈:腹水病痊愈;
无效:腹水病没有得到有效缓解。
表3
治愈数 | 无效数 | |
实施例1 | 17 | 3 |
实施例2 | 19 | 1 |
实施例3 | 20 | 0 |
实施例4 | 18 | 2 |
实施例5 | 19 | 1 |
实施例6 | 18 | 2 |
实施例7 | 17 | 3 |
实施例8 | 18 | 2 |
实施例9 | 19 | 1 |
实施例10 | 19 | 1 |
实施例11 | 18 | 2 |
实施例12 | 19 | 1 |
对比例1 | 12 | 8 |
对比例2 | 13 | 7 |
对照组 | 10 | 10 |
由此可知,在同等用量的情况下,利用本发明药物混入饲料中的治疗效果明显优于对比例和对照组。并且1个月后,实验组为0复发,而对照组有6只复发。
临床试验二:
为了证明本发明对美国青蛙的饲喂效果,进行多次试饲喂试验,选取大型美国青蛙养殖场3000 只处于成蛙期的美国青蛙,体重大小、健康状况基本一致,随机分成15组,每组200 只。其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料,每天两次,自由采食,连续10 天;隔10天喂养本药物一个疗程。另一组为对照组,饲喂不加药物的相同饲料,15组青蛙的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同。对比15组青蛙的各种性能指标,平均值如表4。
1个月后,15组青蛙情况如表4:
表4
患病害数 | 月增重 (g)/只 | |
实施例1 | 0 | 114 |
实施例2 | 0 | 107 |
实施例3 | 0 | 120 |
实施例4 | 0 | 110 |
实施例5 | 0 | 112 |
实施例6 | 0 | 120 |
实施例7 | 0 | 110 |
实施例8 | 0 | 110 |
实施例9 | 3 | 108 |
实施例10 | 0 | 119 |
实施例11 | 0 | 115 |
实施例12 | 0 | 116 |
对比例1 | 22 | 97 |
对比例2 | 23 | 95 |
对照组 | 70 | 75 |
从表中可以很明显的看出,实验组青蛙在连续喂食本发明提供的药物后, 日增重较对照组增加明显,且实验组较对照组食欲旺盛,活力强,状态好,基本没有疾病发生。
Claims (8)
1.一种防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其原料以重量份数计,由如下成分制成:桑叶、蘑菇和灵芝混合膏剂20-40份,蚕蛹粉 5-10份,柿子5-10份,东北大红萝卜5-10份,山楂5-10份,鲜蒲公英5-10份,苦瓜5-10份,山药5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其特征在于所述桑叶、蘑菇和灵芝混合膏剂中灵芝膏剂、桑叶膏剂和蘑菇膏剂重量比为1:(1.5-3):(2-3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其特征在于所述蚕蛹粉为7-10 份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其特征在于所述柿子为5-8份,所述东北大红萝卜为7-10 份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其特征在于所述山楂为8-10份,鲜蒲公英为5-7份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物,其特征在于所述苦瓜为5-7份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物及其制备方法其特征在于所述山药为8-10份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防治美国青蛙腹水病的组合药物的制备方法,其特征在于依次包括如下步骤:
(1)蘑菇膏剂的制备: 将蘑菇粉碎成60-300目的细粉状,置于60-80倍重量沸水进行30-90分钟的煮制,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加1-3倍重量的90-95%乙醇溶液,在30-50℃下浸提40-60分钟,减压蒸馏得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得蘑菇浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(2)桑叶膏剂的制备: 将桑叶加入8-10倍重量的90-95%的乙醇溶液,加热至50-70℃,回流40-70分钟,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅰ,液渣加5-8倍的90-95%的乙醇溶液,加热至50-70℃,回流40-70分钟,冷却后过滤得滤液Ⅱ,二者混合即得桑叶浸提液,再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(3)灵芝膏剂的制备:灵芝清洗粉碎成60-300目的细粉状,煎煮法提取浸提液,浸提温度80-90度,浸提时间2-4h,料液比1:(12-17), 再将浸提液浓缩成膏剂;
(4)将灵芝膏剂、桑叶浸膏剂和蘑菇膏剂按重量比1:(1.5-3):(2-3)的比例混合;
(5)将混合膏剂和蚕蛹粉、柿子、东北大红萝卜、山楂、鲜蒲公英、苦瓜、山药加入益生菌株按照发酵工艺流程发酵,发酵液加入稳定剂为0.3-0.5 g/L海藻酸钠,0.2-0.6 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.3-0.7 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠,用硅藻土去除混合汁液中的细小悬浮颗粒,将滤过后的制剂恒温100度20-30分钟灭菌,冷却至40度以下后灌装。
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